ELEC 7970. Special
Topics in Electrical Engineering
On Nanoscale Science and
Technology
Summer 2003
MWF
BN 235
Textbook: N/A
Instructor: Y.
Tzeng, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Tel:
844-1869, e-mail: tzengy@eng.auburn.edu
BN 412.
Presentation:
(1) Search references
from journals, patents, web pages and prepare a well organized PowerPoint
presentation.
(2) At the bottom of
each side, include the complete reference (Authors, title, source, page, date,
and URL, for web pages, etc.) so that interested classmates can get the
original references for detailed information.
(3) Copy your
PowerPoint file into the classroom computer and save it in the class folder,
ELEC7970 before the class starts. Make
sure you know how to operate the equipment in advance.
(4) The first slide
should include the title of the presentation and infor
about the presenter.
(5) The second slide
should include two or more questions/problems that you consider the key points
that you want the class to learn from your presentation.
(6) Send an electronic
file of the answers to the questions/problems to me.
(7) Prepare a list of
glossary with brief explanation for terms used in your presentation that people
not in your field of expertise may not understand.
(8) The last sheet of
the handout should be the “feed-back” form, attached at the end of this file. The “feedback form” is due at the end the
each class.
(9) Make copies of
PowerPoint handouts and the list of glossary for distribution to the class
before the class starts.
(10)Your PowerPoint file will remain in the
computer for anyone in the class who is interested in it to make copies for
future uses.
Grade:
Presentation (50%) and reports (10%) are based on:
(1)
Presentation being on schedule.
(2) Materials presented. (3) References
cited on every slide. (4) How well the presentation is understandable
by the class. (5) Glossary,
questions/problems/answers. Class
opinions shown on the “feedback” sheet will be based on for the grade for
presentations.
Test grade (10%) is based on an open-note test of materials presented in
the class.
Attendance (30%). The “feedback” form tells me how many times
you attend the class.
“Feedback” sheet
Information given by the presenter:
1.
Date:
2.
Presenter’s name:
3.
Title of presentation:
The following is for the class to fill out
and turn in at the end of each class:
Name of student turning in this form
_______________________
4.
From 1 to 10 (ten being the best), how do you grade
the materials presented? ______
5.
From 1 to 10 (ten being the best), were complete
references given for each side? ______
6.
From 1 to 10 (ten being the best), how well is the
presentation understandable? _______
7.
From 1 to 10 (ten being the best), how are the
glossary, questions and problems presented?
______
8.
Suggestion:
Examples of topics with some references:
Google
nanotechnology index:
http://directory.google.com/Top/Science/Technology/Nanotechnology/
1. What is Nanotechnology?
Definition of
Nanotechnology:
The following is
excerpted from the National Nanotechnology Initiative: The Initiative and its
Implementation Plan
(http://www.nano.gov/nni2.htm)
The essence of nanotechnology is the
ability to work at the molecular level, atom by atom, to create large
structures with fundamentally new molecular organization. Compared to
the behavior of isolated molecules of about 1 nm (10 -9 m) or of bulk
materials, behavior of structural features in the range of about 10-9 to 10-7 m (1 to 100 nm -
a typical dimension of 10 nm is 1,000 times smaller than the diameter of a
human hair) exhibit important changes. Nanotechnology is concerned with
materials and systems whose structures and components exhibit novel and
significantly improved physical, chemical, and biological properties,
phenomena, and processes due to their nanoscale size.
The goal is to exploit these properties
by gaining control of structures and devices at atomic,
molecular, and supramolecular levels and to learn to
efficiently manufacture and use these devices. Maintaining the stability
of interfaces and the integration of these
"nanostructures" at micron-length and macroscopic scales are
all keys to success.
New behavior at the
nanoscale is not necessarily predictable from that observed at large size
scales.
The most important changes in behavior
are caused not by the order of magnitude size reduction, but by newly observed
phenomena intrinsic to or becoming predominant at the nanoscale. These
phenomena include size confinement, predominance of
interfacial phenomena and quantum mechanics. Once it
becomes possible to control feature size, it will also become possible to
enhance material properties and device functions beyond what we currently know
how to do or even consider as feasible. Being able to reduce
the dimensions of structures down to the nanoscale leads to the unique
properties of carbon nanotubes, quantum wires and dots, thin films, DNA-based
structures, and laser emitters. Such new forms of materials and devices
herald a revolutionary age for science and technology, provided we can
discover and fully utilize the underlying principles.
2. Nanostructured materials: Nanocrystals, nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods, nanoparticles, biomolecules, nanostructured polymer, nanostructured coatings, nanocatalysis
Nanocrystalline materials and nanocomposites: Nanocrystalline materials have grain sizes between 5-100 nm. The small grain size results in many
atoms being placed in grain boundary positions,
which are not part of the crystalline lattice. This leads to novel material properties,
and it is possible to use this
phenomenon, for example, to fabricate materials with hardness comparable to that of diamond. To
obtain materials with combinations of properties, multiphase structures are used. The nanocomposites can be used as hard surfaces with excellent tribological properties
and great corrosion resistance. It is also possible to fabricate nanocomposites with novel
magnetic properties., http://www.aist.go.jp/old-domain/aist_info_e.html
3.
Nanomaterials synthesis and assembly: http://www.wtec.org/loyola/nano/toc.htm
nano-machining, nano-deposition,
sol-gel, ball-milling, nanoparticles,
4.
Nanofabrication:
5. Nanomanipulation:
http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~ee143/f2002/Lectures/Lec_28.pdf
·
Self-assembly: http://staff.aist.go.jp/t-ishida/researche.htm
·
Nanotweezer: (http://www.chems.msu.edu/classes/s03/891/003/Bieber_science99_berkely.pdf)
6.
Nanolithography:
7.
Nanosensors:
8.
Quantum behaviors and scaling limit of CMOS:
http://phys.educ.ksu.edu/vqm/index.html
9.
Nanoelectronics:
·
Spintronics: Devices that rely on an electron's spin to perform their functions
form the foundation of spintronics (short for
spin-based electronics), also known as magnetoelectronics.
Information-processing technology has thus far relied on purely charge-based
devices--ranging from the now quaint vacuum tube to today's million-transistor
microchips. Those conventional electronic devices move electric charges around,
ignoring the spin that tags along for the ride on each electron. http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0007A735-759A-1CDD-B4A8809EC588EEDF
10. Nanophotonics: Nanophotonics is the manipulation of light at a spatial scale smaller than its wavelength, and includes both photonic crystals http://feynman.stanford.edu/people/jv_files/papers/nano2002.pdf, http://www.mnl.ornl.gov/
(where a high index contrast lattice creates
"photonic bandgaps" that forbid light
propagation) and plasmonic devices http://www.astbury.leeds.ac.uk/Facil/spr.htm
(where surface plasmons in metals convey and/or concentrate optical energy). These nanostructured devices offer unique opportunities to manipulate light, both for future computer- interconnect, telecommunication and biosensor devices, as well as for studying the physics of materials at extremely small spatial scales.
· Optical metal nanoshells: http://www-ece.rice.edu/~halas/research/ARO_files/frame.htm, http://www-ece.rice.edu/~halas/research/aro_muri_sitevisit.html
Photonic
Band Gap structures are periodic dielectric structures that forbid propagation of Electromagnetic waves in a certain
frequency range.
Such photonic
" crystals " not only open up variety of possible applications (in
lasers, antennas, millimeter
wave devices, efficient solar cells photocatalytic
processes) , but also give rise to interesting
new physics (cavity electrodynamics, localization, disorder,
photon-number-state squeezing).
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~cmpexp/groups/ho/pbg.html
http://optics.ph.unimelb.edu.au/atomopt/atomopt.html
11.
Nanomechanics:
12.
Nanomagnetics: Molecular complexes with a net magnetic moment can be
considered as single domain nano scale magnets. However, in technological applications
(e.g. data storage), such molecular
magnets may suffer from poor magnetic densities. Magnetic network materials (“crystal engineering”), where
magnetic centers are combined with organic linker molecules in three dimensional nano porous structures are being studied. These materials
have great structural flexibility
due to the variable coordination chemistry of the transition metal centers.
Through changes in the ligands it is possible to control the magnetic properties
of the material (Wilson et al,
JACS 2000, 122, 11370).
13. Nanochemistry:
It is our strong opinion that nanochemistry will revolutionize many areas of chemistry,
and is of strategic
importance. In the first instance, the goals within the programme
are focused around the future needs
in pharmaceutical chemistry and clinical diagnostics, where paradigm shifts are
very close. Novel approaches towards
combinatorial nanochemistry are studied and
developed. Tools like chip-based nanovials, flow reaction channels, dispensing
devices, mechanical and chemical microactuators, optical detectors etc. will be developed by
joint expertise in micro structure technology,
chemistry as well as specialsts in surface and
coating technology. Applications which will
be studied are e.g. optimization of catalysis, asymmetric synthesis,
combinatorial chemistry, novel
photochemistry etc. In this context, new strategies for high throughput
handling of very small amounts of materialis of major concern, which will have important
applications in biochemistry,
molecular biology, clinical diagnostics, drug development and material science.
http://www.nanochem.kth.se/nano/
Self-assembly is the construction
principle that nature uses to create the functionally and structurally most complex systems of
the known universe. Interestingly, there are practically no technological examples of
self-assembly in artificial systems. The reason for this may be that biological systems, apart from being
alive and far from thermodynamic equilibrium, are organised to an extreme degree
of complexity on the nanometre length scale, and
precisely on this length scale
neither chemists nor engineers have learned to control the organisation
of matter very well. Nevertheless,
the size-gap between the smallest structures that can be engineered from a homogeneous block of material
(usually silicon) and the largest molecules that can be synthesised
with atomic precision,
is slowly closing at the 10 nm mark. Both engineering and chemical approaches to this size domain,
however, require a radical departure from simple and inexpensive engineering or synthetic methods. We
intent to overcome this complication by using well-defined and robust nanometre-sized
building modules, which can be prepared easily, and which can react with each other to form larger systems
of pre-determined geometry.
In other words: The main research goal is to
chemically assemble functional materials and devices
from nanometre-sized building blocks, just like
chemists have learned over the past 200 years
how to assemble molecules from atoms.
Apart from the scientific
challenge that this research represents, we believe that there will be many technological applications
impacting on virtually all areas of human activity. Examples are: neural networks, drug delivery systems,
sensors, catalysts, displays, nanoelectronic devices, new analytical tools, and many others.
Certainly, the most important applications are not currently possible and will yet have to be
invented. Our day-to-day research focuses on the identification, preparation and optimisation
of suitable building blocks and on the development of assembly strategies. Click on one of the topics below for
details.
14.
Nanobiotechnology:
Nanotechnology, Biomolecular
Electronics
http://www.atp.nist.gov/www/cls/nano_tech.htm
http://www.k2.ims.ac.jp/ResearchPDF/IUPS2001.pdf
Possible Articles for Independent
Project
MDNA/RNA, Molecular Motors,
Vision, Ion Channels, Scaling
, Biomaterials, Micromanipulation
Techniques, Self-Assembly, Gene Chips, Others
http://wug.physics.uiuc.edu/courses/phys398bio/spring03/project.html
Single Molecule Detection in Life
Science
http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2219/2000/5_a.pdf
http://www.elchem.kaist.ac.kr/BK21_SMS.web/2001_nano/03_Nano_NAT_SCI/NAT19 99_04010120.pdf
(biosensor
tutorial) http://www.fraserclan.com/biosens0.htm
15.
Nanoinstrumentation:
16.
Nanoscale Modeling and Simulation:
Here is the link
to relevant nano-device simulation codes,
projects and research institutes.
http://www.wsi.tu-muenchen.de/nextnano3/useful_links/useful_links.htm
Purdue Nanotechnology
Simulation Hub: Online
Computing for Nanotechnology:
NASA
Nanotechnology Gallery: http://www.ipt.arc.nasa.gov/gallery.html
Y.
Tzeng
Professor
Electrical
and Computer Engineering
Tel:
(334) 844-1869
Email: