IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 55, Number 3, March 2008 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

Special Section Papers

55.3.1	"Table of Contents," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. C1-978, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.3.2	"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics publication information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. C2-C2, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.3.3	J. Rodriguez, B. Wu, S. Bernet, J. O. Pontt, "Guest Editorial," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 979-981, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The ten papers in this special section focus on high-power drives.
55.3.4	S. Ceballos, J. Pou, E. Robles, I. Gabiola, J. Zaragoza, J.L. Villate, D. Boroyevich, "Three-Level Converter Topologies With Switch Breakdown Fault-Tolerance Capability," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 982-995, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents some modified topologies of the neutral-point-clamped converter. In all of them, the main change consists of adding a fourth leg, which is based on the flying-capacitor converter structure. The aim of this additional leg is to provide the converter with fault tolerance. Furthermore, during normal operation mode, this leg is able to provide a stiff neutral voltage. Consequently, the low-frequency voltage oscillations that appear at the neutral point of the standard three-level topology in some operating conditions no longer exist. As a result, the modulation strategy of the three main legs of the converter does not have to take care of voltage balance, and it can be designed to either achieve optimal output voltage spectra or improve the efficiency of the converter. Simulation and experimental results are presented to show the viability of this approach both under normal operation mode and in the event of faults.
55.3.5	V.G. Agelidis, A.I. Balouktsis, C. Cossar, "On Attaining the Multiple Solutions of Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM Three-Level Waveforms Through Function Minimization," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 996-1004, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Selective harmonic elimination pulsewidth modulation techniques are some of the control methods used in voltage/current source converters. However, challenges such as the task of finding all the multiple sets of solutions of the switching angles for a given problem may be difficult to deal with. In this paper, a direct minimization of the nonlinear transcendental trigonometric Fourier functions in combination with a random search is discussed. The unipolar (three-level) waveform is used to illustrate the proposed method confirming its ability to find multiple sets of solutions, including a case where 51 angles are sought for single- and three-phase applications. A simple harmonic distortion factor is studied for each set of solutions to assess their performance against the noneliminated harmonics. The results presented both at theoretical and experimental level are in close agreement and confirm the robustness of the proposed approach.
55.3.6	J. Holtz, N. Oikonomou, "Fast Dynamic Control of Medium Voltage Drives Operating at Very Low Switching Frequency—An Overview," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1005-1013, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Medium voltage AC machines fed by high-power inverters operate at a low switching frequency to restrain the switching losses of power semiconductor devices. Particular care is thus required in the design of the drive control system. The signal delay caused by low switching frequency operation increases undesired cross-coupling effects in vector-controlled schemes. These are not sufficiently compensated by established methods like feedforward control. Improvements are achieved by a more accurate modeling of the machine and the inverter. An adequate controller is introduced, having a transfer function with complex coefficients. The high harmonic distortion due to the low switching frequency is a tradeoff. Using synchronous optimal pulsewidth as an alternative permits reducing the switching frequency without increasing the harmonics. The detrimental effects of conventional control methods are eliminated by forcing the harmonic components on an optimal spatial trajectory. Deadbeat behavior and complete decoupling are thus achieved. The performance of the aforementioned schemes is compared based on mathematical analyses and experimental results.
55.3.7	Yu Liu, Fang Lin Luo, "Trinary Hybrid 81-Level Multilevel Inverter for Motor Drive With Zero Common-Mode Voltage," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1014-1021, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper proposes a trinary hybrid 81-level multilevel inverter for motor drive. Benefiting from the trinary hybrid topology of the inverter, 81-level voltages per phase can be synthesized with the fewest components. Bidirectional DC-DC converters are used not only to inject power to the DC links of the inverter but also to absorb power from some DC links in cases with a lower modulation index. The higher bandwidth of DC-DC converters alleviates the ripples of DC-link voltages caused by the load current. The space vector modulation used here, which selects voltage vectors that generate a zero common-mode voltage in the load, works at a low switching frequency. With up to 81-level voltages per phase, the total harmonic distortion is small, and the relationship between the fundamental load voltage and the modulation index is precisely linear. A vector controller is used to control an induction motor, which results in a high dynamic response for speeds or torques. The performance of the proposed inverter for the motor drive is confirmed by simulation and experiment.
55.3.8	Yun Wei Li, Bin Wu, D. Xu, N.R. Zargari, "Space Vector Sequence Investigation and Synchronization Methods for Active Front-End Rectifiers in High-Power Current-Source Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1022-1034, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Space vector pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes for the active front end of a high-power drive normally produce low-order and suborder harmonics due to the low switching frequency and the drifting of synchronization between the PWM waveform and the rectifier input frequency. To provide a synchronized PWM and achieve the best harmonic performance, different space vector sequences suitable for a current-source converter are investigated in this paper. Details on how to achieve the waveform symmetries with a minimum switching frequency for each sequence are discussed. A thorough comparison of the harmonic performance of different space vector sequences is carried out. An optimum space vector modulation method by switching between two best sequences is proposed to achieve the best line-current total harmonic distortion with reduced switching losses. In addition, two synchronization methods, namely a PWM frame regulation method and a direct digital phase-locked loop synchronization method, are proposed. Both methods are equally effective in providing tight synchronization of the PWM waveform with the rectifier input frequency. The work has been verified in simulation and experiment.
55.3.9	K. Jalili, N. Weitendorf, S. Bernet, "Behavior of PWM Active Front Ends in the Presence of Parallel Thyristor Converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1035-1046, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of grid voltage distortions caused by thyristor converters on the steady-state performance of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier with dc voltage link for low-voltage applications. The disturbance transfer function of the current control loop is used to analyze the effects of grid distortions. Influences of the current controller, the phase-locked loop parameters, and the filter inductance on the generated current harmonics are presented. For existing grid voltage harmonics, the amplitude of the corresponding current harmonics are determined and compared to measured current harmonics using a 400-V 40-kW test bench consisting of a PWM rectifier with voltage dc link parallel to a 40-kW thyristor converter.
55.3.10	R. Gupta, A. Ghosh, A. Joshi, "Switching Characterization of Cascaded Multilevel-Inverter-Controlled Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1047-1058, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, the method of triangular carrier switching control of two-level inverters is extended to cascaded multilevel inverters using phase-shifted multicarrier unipolar pulsewidth modulation (PWM). The condition for smooth modulation is obtained using the Bessel's function representation of the PWM output and the switching condition of the multilevel-inverter-controlled system. A method is proposed for the determination of the minimum amplitude of the triangular carrier for smooth modulation at fixed switching frequency. It is shown that the multilevel modulation based on the phase-shifted carriers significantly reduces the ripple magnitude in the switching function and allows the use of a smaller carrier amplitude under closed loop. This increases the forward gain and, hence, improves the tracking characteristics. The proposed cascaded multilevel inverter control is implemented for the operation of a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) in the voltage control mode. The experimental verification of the theoretical and simulation results is provided through a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based control of a laboratory model of a single-phase DSTATCOM.
55.3.11	P. Lezana, J. Rodriguez, D.A. Oyarzun, "Cascaded Multilevel Inverter With Regeneration Capability and Reduced Number of Switches," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1059-1066, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Multilevel converters are a very interesting alternative for medium and high power drives. One of the more flexible topologies of this type is the cascaded multicell converter. This paper proposes the use of a single-phase reduced cell suitable for cascaded multilevel converters. This cell uses a reduced single-phase active rectifier at the input and an H-bridge inverter at the output side. This topology presents a very good performance, effectively controlling the waveform of the input current and of the output voltage and allowing operation in the motoring and regenerative mode. The results presented in this paper confirm that this medium voltage inverter effectively eliminates low frequency input current harmonics at the primary side of the transformer and operates without problems in regenerative mode.
55.3.12	S. Ceballos, J. Pou, J. Zaragoza, J.L. Martin, E. Robles, I. Gabiola, P. Ibanez, "Efficient Modulation Technique for a Four-Leg Fault-Tolerant Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1067-1074, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a new low-loss modulation technique for the hybrid three-level four-leg converter. The total losses of the converter are reduced by about 18% on average compared to the standard three-leg neutral-point-clamped converter. Furthermore, the low-frequency voltage oscillation in the neutral point is completely cancelled, and the maximum benefit of the dc-link voltage is obtained. All these facts, together with the fault-tolerant ability due to the fourth leg, make this topology very interesting for applications such as wind generation, in which it is important to maximize efficiency and reliability. Some experimental results confirm the good performance of the proposed modulation technique.
55.3.13	K. Szabat, T. Orlowska-Kowalska, "Performance Improvement of Industrial Drives With Mechanical Elasticity Using Nonlinear Adaptive Kalman Filter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1075-1084, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper deals with the application of the adaptive control structure for torsional vibration suppression in the drive system with an elastic coupling. The proportional-integral speed controller and gain factors of two additional feedback loops, from the shaft torque and load side speed, are tuned on-line according to the changeable load side inertia. This parameter, as well as other mechanical variables of the drive system (load side speed, torsional and load torques), are estimated with the use of the developed nonlinear extended Kalman filter (NEKF). The initial values of the Kalman filter covariance matrices are set using the genetic algorithm. Then, to ensure the smallest state and parameter estimation errors, the on-line adaptation law for the chosen element of the state covariance matrix of the NEKF is proposed. The described control strategy is tested in an open and a closed-loop control structure. The simulation results are confirmed by laboratory experiments. Single-Phase Electronics
55.3.14	J.M. Alonso, C. Ordiz, M.A. Dalla Costa, "A Novel Control Method for Piezoelectric-Transformer Based Power Supplies Assuring Zero-Voltage-Switching Operation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1085-1089, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, a new control strategy that allows zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation of power converters using piezoelectric transformers (PTs) is proposed. The control circuit operates in a closed loop by measuring the phase between the PTs resonant current and the switching pattern and adjusting the switching frequency to the optimum value so that ZVS operation is assured. An innovative nonlinear regulator based on an analog multiplexer is presented. The regulator automatically swaps the signs of the sensed signal and the reference signal to allow generation of the adequate control action. A laboratory prototype for a 6 W resonant inverter was tested; obtained experimental results are also shown.
55.3.15	J.M. Alonso, M.A. Dalla Costa, C. Ordiz, "Integrated Buck-Flyback Converter as a High-Power-Factor Off-Line Power Supply," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1090-1100, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper investigates the integrated buck-flyback converter (IBFC) as a good solution for implementing low-cost high-power-factor ac-dc converters with fast output regulation. It will be shown that, when both buck and flyback semistages are operated in discontinuous conduction mode, the voltage across the bulk capacitor, which is used to store energy at low frequency, is independent of the output power. This makes it possible to maintain the bulk capacitor voltage at a low value within the whole line voltage range. The off-line operating modes of the IBFC are also investigated to demonstrate that the control switch of the proposed converter handles lower root-mean-square currents than those in similar integrated converters. The off-line operation of the IBFC is analyzed to obtain the design characteristics of the bulk capacitor voltage. Finally, the design and experimental results of a universal input 48 V-output 100 W ac-dc converter operating at 100 kHz is presented. Experiments show that the IEC-61000-3-2 input current harmonic limits are well satisfied and efficiency can be as high as 82%.
55.3.16	Jiann-Jong Chen, Fong-Cheng Yang, Chih-Chiang Chen, "A New Monolithic Fast-Response Buck Converter Using Spike-Reduction Current-Sensing Circuits," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1101-1111, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new monolithic fast-response buck converter using spike-reduction current-sensing circuits is proposed in this paper. The proposed converters are designed and implemented with TSMC 0.35-mum DPQM CMOS processes. The operation frequency can be up to 1.887 MHz. The response time is only 2 mus and compared with other references. The maximum output current is 750 mA, and the maximum power efficiency can be up to 89.1% at 2.442-W output power. The chip area is only 2.157 mm².
55.3.17	M.A. Dalla Costa, J.M. Alonso, J.C. Miranda, J. Garcia, D.G. Lamar, "A Single-Stage High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast Based on Integrated Buck Flyback Converter to Supply Metal Halide Lamps," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1112-1122, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, a novel single-stage electronic ballast with a high power factor is presented. The ballast circuit is based on the integration of a buck converter to provide the power factor correction, and a flyback converter to control the lamp power and to supply the lamp with a low-frequency square-waveform current. Both converters work in discontinuous conduction mode, which simplifies the control. In spite of being an integrated topology, the circuit does not present additional stress of voltage or current in the main switch, which handles only the flyback or buck current, depending on the operation mode. To supply the lamp with a low-frequency square-wave current to avoid acoustic resonances, the flyback has two secondary windings that operate complementarily at a low frequency. The design procedure of the converters is also detailed. Experimental results from a 35-W metal halide lamp are presented, where the proposed ballast reached a power factor of 0.95, a total harmonic distortion of 30% (complying with IEC 61000-3-2), and an efficiency of 90%.
55.3.18	E.H. Ismail, A.J. Sabzali, M.A. Al-Saffar, "Buck–Boost-Type Unity Power Factor Rectifier With Extended Voltage Conversion Ratio," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1123-1132, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A buck-boost-type unity power factor rectifier is proposed in this paper. The main advantage of the proposed rectifier over the conventional buck-boost type is that it can perform input power factor correction (PFC) over a wider voltage conversion range. With a single switch, a fast well-regulated output voltage is achieved with a zero-current switch at turn-on. Moreover, the switch voltage stress is independent of converter load variation. The proposed converter is well suited for universal offline PFC applications for a low power range (<150 W ). The feasibility of the converter is confirmed with results obtained from a computer simulation and from an experimental prototype.
55.3.19	A. Khaligh, A.m. Rahimi, A. Emadi, "Modified Pulse-Adjustment Technique to Control DC/DC Converters Driving Variable Constant-Power Loads," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1133-1146, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Multiconverter-distributed DC architectures have been utilized for power distribution in many applications such as telecommunication systems, sea and undersea vehicles, an international space station, aircraft, electric vehicles, hybrid-electric vehicles, and fuel-cell vehicles, where reliability is of prime concern. The number of power-electronic converters (AC/DC, DC/DC, DC/AC, and AC/AC) in these multiconverter electrical power systems varies from a few converters in a conventional land vehicle, to tens of converters in an advanced aircraft, and to hundreds of converters in the international space station. In these advanced applications, power-electronic converters might need to have a tight output-voltage regulation. From the output perspective, this property is highly desirable. However, since power-electronic converters are efficient, tight regulation of the output makes the converter appear as a constant-power load (CPL) at its input side. Dynamic behavior of CPLs is equivalent to negative impedance and, therefore, can result in instability of the interconnected power system. In order to mitigate the instability of the power converters loaded by CPLs, this paper presents the pulse-adjustment digital control technique. It is simple and easy to implement in application-specific integrated circuits, digital-signal processors, or field-programmable gate arrays. Moreover, its dynamic response is fast and robust. Line and load regulations are simply achievable using this technique. Analytical, as well as simulation and experimental results of applying the proposed method to a DC/DC buck-boost converter confirm the validity of the presented technique.
55.3.20	J.C.W. Lam, P.K. Jain, "A Modified Valley Fill Electronic Ballast Having a Current Source Resonant Inverter With Improved Line-Current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), High Power Factor, and Low Lamp Crest Factor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1147-1159, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, a modified valley fill (VF) circuit is employed to combine with a current-fed resonant inverter as a passive high power factor (PF) electronic ballast. A conventional VF circuit limits the line current to conduct when the conduction angles are: 30deg les omegat les 150deg and 210deg les omegat les 330deg during the line period, which results in high total harmonic distortion (THD). The modified VF circuit has the following advantage: When the capacitors are connected in parallel, the voltage across the capacitors is one-third of the peak voltage, which allows the conduction angle of the line current to be further extended to 19.5deg les omegat les 160.5deg and 199.5deg les omegat les 340.5deg, so that a lower THD can be achieved. The high lamp crest factor (CF) problem generated by the high ripple voltage from the modified VF circuit is improved in the proposed ballast as variable frequency control is employed to continuously regulate the lamp current. An experimental prototype is then built in the laboratory to verify the feasibility of the proposed work for a 26-W compact fluorescent lamp. The final results confirm that a PF of 0.986 and a lamp CF of 1.49 are achieved with the proposed circuit, whereas a PF of 0.96 is achieved with the conventional VF ballast.
55.3.21	Siew-Chong Tan, Y.M. Lai, C.K. Tse, "General Design Issues of Sliding-Mode Controllers in DC–DC Converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1160-1174, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper examines the practical design issues of sliding-mode (SM) controllers as applied to the control of dc-dc converters. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is first provided. Major problems that prevent the use of SM control in dc-dc converters for industrial and commercial applications are investigated. Possible solutions are derived, and practical design procedures are outlined. The performance of SM control is compared with that of conventional linear control in terms of transient characteristics. It has been shown that the use of SM control can lead to an improved robustness in providing consistent transient responses over a wide range of operating conditions. Multiphase Systems
55.3.22	L. Asiminoaei, E. Aeloiza, P.N. Enjeti, F. Blaabjerg, "Shunt Active-Power-Filter Topology Based on Parallel Interleaved Inverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1175-1189, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, an interleaved active-power-filter concept with reduced size of passive components is discussed. The topology is composed of two pulsewidth-modulation interleaved voltage-source inverters connected together on the ac line and sharing the same dc-link capacitor. The advantages of the proposed approach are as follows: 1. significant reduction in the linkage inductors' size by decreasing the line-current ripple due to the interleaving; 2. reduction of the switching stress in the dc-link capacitor, due to the shared connection; and 3. more accurate compensation for high-power applications, because the power sharing allows one to use a higher switching frequency in each inverter. This paper analyzes the design of the passive components and gives a practical and low-cost solution for the minimization of the circulation currents between the inverters, by using common-mode coils. Several simulation results are discussed, and experimental results with a three-phase 10-kVA 400-V unit are obtained to validate the theoretical analysis.
55.3.23	A.M. Eltamaly, "A Modified Harmonics Reduction Technique for a Three-Phase Controlled Converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1190-1197, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Three-phase controlled converters have many applications especially in adjustable speed drives and renewable energy. A three-phase controlled converter is a good option in these applications due to its low cost, simplicity, and maintainability with respect to other solutions like a full-bridge insulated gate bipolar transistor converter or a Vienna rectifier. Line current harmonics in this converter is very high; therefore, a harmonics reduction technique is needed to remedy the problem. In this paper, an improved injection current technique is introduced to reduce line current harmonics. The optimal amplitude and phase angle of the injection current for different loads and firing angles have been mathematically determined. Simulation for this technique has been performed by using the PSIM simulation program. An experimental prototype has been built to verify the mathematical and simulation results. The simulation and experimental results show a sensitive variation in the total harmonic distortion of the line current for the amplitude and angle of injection current variations. The simulation and experimental results prove the superiority of this technique in mitigating the requirements for harmonics standards.
55.3.24	S. Jalbrzykowski, T. Citko, "Current-Fed Resonant Full-Bridge Boost DC/AC/DC Converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1198-1205, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a current-fed full-bridge boost DC/AC/DC converter with transformer isolation operating without switching power dissipation. The output voltage is regulated by DC/AC converter control frequency changes with a constant turn-off time of transistors. The proposed converter is devoid of parasitic oscillations, as all of the parasitic capacitances and inductances are included in a resonant tank circuit. In this paper, the system operation is first explained, then a mathematical description that is useful for its design is provided, and finally, a report on the implementation of a laboratory prototype with 1.4-kW power is presented.
55.3.25	S.V. Mollov, M.P. Theodoridis, "A Frequency Multiplication Resonant Inverter With Constant Frequency Phase Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1206-1212, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The schematic and analysis of a voltage-fed resonant inverter are presented in this paper. The topology of the inverter allows operation of the resonant tank at higher harmonics and multiples of the switching frequency. The resulting loss in voltage gain is compensated through the use of multiple commutation poles employing low-cost modestly rated MOSFETs. The proposed topology can control power throughput at a fixed frequency through pole phase-shift modulation. Zero voltage switching is maintained down to no load and within the entire input voltage range. Measurements from a multimegahertz 100-W inverter confirm the theoretical predictions, as well as the suggested design and control approach.
55.3.26	N.B.H. Youssef, K. Al-Haddad, H.Y. Kanaan, "Large-Signal Modeling and Steady-State Analysis of a 1.5-kW Three-Phase/Switch/Level (Vienna) Rectifier With Experimental Validation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1213-1224, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, a large-signal modeling technique has been developed for a three-phase, three-level Vienna rectifier operating in continuous conduction mode. The considered circuit is a fifth-order system with time-varying variables on the ac side. This model is first established in the direct abc reference frame using the state space averaging technique, then modified through an abc/dqo transform and adequate duty cycle alteration to avoid time-dependency. The system stability in a closed loop, using a multiloop PI-based control scheme, is proved by the convergence of the phase plane trajectories to the nominal point for any initial condition. These curves are drawn as ac line peak currents as a function of total output dc voltage. The different relationships governing the system inputs/outputs are verified not only for the nominal operating point, but also for a wide operation range. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified on a 1.5-kW experimental prototype controlled by the DS-1104 board of dSPACE. The converter large signal behavior is experimentally analyzed using output time domain responses toward different input variations. Significantly high accordance between the experimental results and the theoretical model, implemented with SIMULINK/Matlab, is verified.
55.3.27	N.B.H. Youssef, K. Al-Haddad, H.Y. Kanaan, "Real-Time Implementation of a Discrete Nonlinearity Compensating Multiloops Control Technique for a 1.5-kW Three-Phase/Switch/Level Vienna Converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1225-1234, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents and analyzes experimental results of a new discrete multiloop nonlinear control scheme, applied to a 1.5-kW laboratory prototype of a three-phase/level/switch boost-type Vienna rectifier. As for most split dc-bus voltage switched-mode rectifiers, the proposed control technique aims to ensure ac line currents shaping, output dc-bus voltage regulation and dc load unbalance compensation. The proposed technique is based on the dq nonlinear averaged model of the converter. To cancel the inherent nonlinearity of the converter, an input- to-output transform is applied to both inner and outer loops, thus linearizing the system and allowing the application of conventional linear pole placement method for controller tuning. The rectifier performance, during both nominal and severe operating conditions, are then evaluated in real-time using the dSPACE DS 1104 controller board, supported by a Matlab/Simulink real-time workshop environment.
55.3.28	Qingrong Zeng, Liuchen Chang, "An Advanced SVPWM-Based Predictive Current Controller for Three-Phase Inverters in Distributed Generation Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1235-1246, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Space vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) has been widely applied in the current control of three-phase voltage source inverters (VSIs). However, for grid-connected VSIs in distributed generation (DG) systems, the performance of current controllers based on SVPWM is compromised by the grid harmonics and the control delay due to computation and sampling. In this paper, an advanced SVPWM-based predictive current controller is proposed and studied. The controller mimics deadbeat control in the synchronous d-q reference frame, and is very simple and robust to implement. With the necessary grid voltage detection in DG systems for protection, grid harmonics disturbance is effectively suppressed through feedforward compensation. Based on a dual-timer sampling scheme, the control delay compensation becomes more simple yet effective. The comprehensive analysis on the proposed predictive current control system is provided. The simulation and experimental test results show that the proposed current controller has an excellent steady-state response as well as an extremely fast dynamic response. Renewable Energy Systems
55.3.29	M.H. Todorovic, L. Palma, P.N. Enjeti, "Design of a Wide Input Range DC–DC Converter With a Robust Power Control Scheme Suitable for Fuel Cell Power Conversion," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1247-1255, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, an analysis and design of a wide input range dc-dc converter is proposed along with a robust power control scheme. The proposed converter and its control are designed to be compatible with a fuel cell power source, which exhibits 2 : 1 voltage variation as well as a slow transient response. The proposed approach consists of two stages: a three-level boost converter stage cascaded with a current-fed two-inductor boost converter topology, which has a higher voltage gain and provides galvanic isolation from the input source. The function of the front-end boost converter stage is to maintain a constant voltage at the input of the cascaded dc-dc converter to ensure optimal performance characteristics and high efficiency. At the output of the first boost converter, a battery or ultracapacitor energy storage is connected to handle slow transient response of the fuel cell (200 W/min). The robust features of the proposed control system ensure a constant output dc voltage for a variety of load fluctuations, thus limiting the power being delivered by the fuel cell during a load transient. Moreover, the proposed configuration simplifies power management and can interact with the fuel cell controller. Simulation and the experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed system. Robotics and Mechatronics
55.3.30	A. Chatterjee, R. Chatterjee, F. Matsuno, T. Endo, "Augmented Stable Fuzzy Control for Flexible Robotic Arm Using LMI Approach and Neuro-Fuzzy State Space Modeling," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1256-1270, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Designing the control strategy for a flexible robotic arm has long been considered a complex problem as it requires stabilizing the vibration simultaneously with the primary objective of position control. A stable state-feedback fuzzy controller is proposed here for such a flexible arm. The controller is designed on the basis of a neuro-fuzzy state-space model that is successfully trained using the experimental data acquired from a real robotic arm. The complex problem of solving stability conditions is taken care of by recasting them in the form of linear matrix inequalities and then solving them using a popular interior-point-based method. This asymptotically stable fuzzy controller is further augmented to provide enhanced transient performance along with maintaining the excellent steady-state performance shown by the stable control strategy. The controller hence designed has been successfully implemented for a real robotic arm to operate over a long angular range of 180 with several payload conditions and, for situations where the system is operated for a long range and with a large variation in payload conditions, it could successfully outperform the recently proposed proportional derivative and strain controller.
55.3.31	H. Minakata, H. Seki, S. Tadakuma, "A Study of Energy-Saving Shoes for Robot Considering Lateral Plane Motion," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1271-1276, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, we propose a flexible shoe system for biped robots to optimize energy consumption of the lateral plane motion. This shoe system is made to deform decline outside in the lateral plane and it can absorb the kinetic energy of the robot in the lateral plane. Furthermore, this hardware (shoes) and software (controller) can be easily applicable to the ordinary walking robot system. The effectiveness and characteristics of this system are confirmed by computer simulations and experimental results. It is confirmed that the stiffness of the shoe is a very important parameter for energy consumption by using computer simulations and experimental results.
55.3.32	H. Ohara, T. Murakami, "A Stability Control by Active Angle Control of Front-Wheel in a Vehicle System," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1277-1285, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Side-slip angle information is required for stabilizing a vehicle. Conventional stability control methods assume that side-slip angle information can be obtained directly from a sensor. However, this is difficult to do in a normal car because an expensive sensor is needed to realize these methods. In this paper, a strategy for stability control based on the estimated side-slip is proposed. First, a novel linear observer that can make the estimated error small compared with the conventional linear observer is designed. Second, the yaw rate following the controller is constructed. To implement this control system in an actual vehicle system, a steering angle controller is designed. Finally, to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control system, numerical simulation is implemented with the consideration of a gust of wind and vehicle modeling error. Also, running a vehicle experiment on the road is shown.
55.3.33	Junping Wang, Hyungsuck Cho, "Micropeg and Hole Alignment Using Image Moments Based Visual Servoing Method," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1286-1294, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The conventional image-based visual servoing leads to image singularities that might cause control instabilities. To avoid this problem, in this paper, the image moments are used as features for visual servoing, where the Jacobian matrix is full rank and upper triangular. Thus, it has the maximal decoupled structure and simplifies the controller. The general analytical form of the interaction matrix or the Jacobian matrix considering the camera parameters related to any image moments is derived in this paper. As a servoing controller, an optimal visual PD controller is presented to improve the performance of the visual servoing system instead of the P controller, which is the method extensively used in visual servoing. A genetic algorithm-based PD parameters tuning method is applied to obtain the optimal parameters. The method proposed is used to align the micropeg and hole, and the simulation results show that the object can reach its desired position faster and more smoothly. Drive Control
55.3.34	Jui-Yuan Chai, Yeh-Hsiang Ho, Yu-Choung Chang, Chang-Ming Liaw, "On Acoustic-Noise-Reduction Control Using Random Switching Technique for Switch-Mode Rectifiers in PMSM Drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1295-1309, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents an acoustic-noise-reduction control using a random switching technique for front-end switch-mode rectifiers (SMRs) of a permanent-magnet synchronous-motor (PMSM) drive. First, the PMSM drive and its front-end ac-switch-based SMR are established. The proper controls are conducted to let the motor drive possess good driving characteristics. In the acoustic-noise-reduction control for a low-frequency SMR under a voltage closed-loop control, the important audible vibration modes of the SMR inductor are first identified from the measurements. Then, the controls for eliminating one specific vibration mode and two vibration modes simultaneously via deterministic and stochastic approaches are studied. Specifically, a novel random three-stage excitation scheme is devised. As to the high-frequency SMRs, the random switching frequency ramp-comparison current-controlled pulse-width modulation (CCPWM) scheme and the randomly varying band hysteresis CCPWM scheme are developed. Theoretical bases of all the proposed control approaches are derived, and their comparative performances are evaluated experimentally.
55.3.35	A.M. da Silva, R.J. Povinelli, N.A.O. Demerdash, "Induction Machine Broken Bar and Stator Short-Circuit Fault Diagnostics Based on Three-Phase Stator Current Envelopes," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1310-1318, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new method for the fault diagnosis of a broken rotor bar and interturn short circuits in induction machines (IMs) is presented. The method is based on the analysis of the three-phase stator current envelopes of IMs using reconstructed phase space transforms. The signatures of each type of fault are created from the three-phase current envelope of each fault. The resulting fault signatures for the new so-called ldquounseen signalsrdquo are classified using Gaussian mixture models and a Bayesian maximum likelihood classifier. The presented method yields a high degree of accuracy in fault identification as evidenced by the given experimental results, which validate this method.
55.3.36	L. Harnefors, M. Hinkkanen, "Complete Stability of Reduced-Order and Full-Order Observers for Sensorless IM Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1319-1329, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, reduced-order observers for flux and speed estimation of sensorless induction-motor drives are analyzed. All gain selections, which give stability for all operating conditions, including the regeneration mode (called complete stability), are found. Furthermore, it is shown that full-order observers, under the assumption of fast stator-current dynamics, have equivalent implementations as reduced-order observers. Consequently, all gain selections of the full-order observer gains for which complete stability is obtained, under the assumption stated, are also found. A number of previously proposed full-order observers are analyzed within the developed framework, generally showing agreement between the full- and reduced-order models.
55.3.37	Cheol Jo, Ji-Yun Seol, In-Joong Ha, "Flux-Weakening Control of IPM Motors With Significant Effect of Magnetic Saturation and Stator Resistance," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1330-1340, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, we propose a systematic optimization approach to flux-weakening control of interior permanent-magnet (IPM) motors, which operate in magnetic saturation. The current commands are chosen to be optimal so as to minimize power loss not only in the constant-torque region but also in the constant-power region. Our approach aims at the same objective as the previously known flux-weakening control. Furthermore, the motor torque of an IPM motor in magnetic saturation can be made exactly linear with respect to the torque command. Thereby, our systematic approach can provide not only maximal power efficiency but also torque linearity. In doing so, we consider a more general situation than that considered in prior literature. Specifically speaking, the physical constraints in stator currents and voltages, and the effect of stator resistance are all taken into full account. As a result, the optimization problem becomes very complicated. Nonetheless, we have successfully found the approximate optimal solution, which can be readily implemented on a usual high-speed microprocessor. The practical effectiveness of the proposed control method is also demonstrated through various simulation and experimental results.
55.3.38	Ying-Shieh Kung, "Design and Implementation of a High-Performance PMLSM Drives Using DSP Chip," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1341-1351, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a digital signal processor (DSP)-based high-performance controller for use in permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) drives. The PMLSM is mathematically modeled and the vector control scheme is used in the current loop of a PMLSM drive. Then, to increase the drive's performance, an adaptive fuzzy controller constructed by a fuzzy basis function and a parameter-adjustable mechanism is derived and applied to the position loop of the PMLSM drive to cope with the dynamic uncertainty and external load effect. Finally, a TMS320F2812 DSP chip produced by Texas Instruments is employed to implement the controller. The new-generation TMS320F2812 exhibits fast computation (150 MIPS) and a completely integrated motor peripheral circuit. Therefore, a fully digital controller for PMLSM drives, in which the current vector control scheme, space vector pulse width modulation generation, A/D conversion, coordinate transformation, quadrature encoder pulse detection, adaptive fuzzy controller, and point-to-point motion controller can be realized within a single DSP chip. An experimental system is established using a PMLSM, a DSP control board, an inverter, a rectifier, and other elements to verify the effectiveness of the proposed high-performance control system. Some experimental results are confirmed theoretically. Signal Processing and Control
55.3.39	Jong-Jae Lee, Jung-Min Kwon, Eung-Ho Kim, Woo-Young Choi, Bong-Hwan Kwon, "Single-Stage Single-Switch PFC Flyback Converter Using a Synchronous Rectifier," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1352-1365, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A single-stage single-switch power factor correction (PFC) flyback converter with a synchronous rectifier (SR) is proposed for improving power factor and efficiency. Using a variable switching-frequency controller, this converter is continuously operated with a reduced turn-on switching loss at the boundary of the continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The proposed PFC circuit provides relatively low dc-link voltage in the universal line voltage, and also complies with Standard IEC 61000-3-2 Class D limits. In addition, a new driving circuit as the voltage driven-synchronous rectifier is proposed to achieve high efficiency. In particular, since a driving signal is generated according to the voltage polarity, the SR driving circuit can easily be used in DCM applications. The proposed PFC circuit and SR driving circuit in the flyback converter with the reduced switching loss are analyzed in detail and optimized for high performance. Experimental results for a 19 V/90 W adapter at the variable switching-frequency of 30~70 kHz were obtained to show the performance of the proposed converter.
55.3.40	Chi-Huang Lu, Ching-Chih Tsai, "Adaptive Predictive Control With Recurrent Neural Network for Industrial Processes: An Application to Temperature Control of a Variable-Frequency Oil-Cooling Machine," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1366-1375, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An adaptive predictive control with recurrent neural network prediction for industrial processes is presented. The neural predictive control law with integral action is derived based on the minimization of a modified predictive performance criterion. The stability and steady-state performance of the closed-loop control system are well studied. Numerical simulations reveal that the proposed control gives satisfactory tracking and disturbance rejection performance for two illustrative nonlinear systems with time-delay. Experimental results for temperature control of a variable-frequency oil-cooling process show the efficacy of the proposed method for industrial processes with set-points changes and load disturbances.
55.3.41	Won-Sang Ra, Hye-Jin Lee, Jin Bae Park, Tae-Sung Yoon, "Practical Pinch Detection Algorithm for Smart Automotive Power Window Control Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1376-1384, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An improved pinch detection algorithm is proposed for low-cost antipinch window control systems. Apart from previous works, the proposed algorithm makes use of torque rate information to sense pinched conditions and to perform safety precautions. The motivation for this approach comes from the idea that the torque rate is less sensitive to motor parameter uncertainty than the torque or the angular velocity. The pinch estimator is designed by applying steady-state Kalman filter recursion to the augmented system model which includes the motor dynamics model and an additional torque rate state. The external torque rate is estimated using angular velocity measurements calculated from the Hall sensor output. A systematic way to set a reasonable threshold of the torque rate estimates under pinched conditions is suggested through deterministic estimation error analysis. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is able to prevent performance degradation due to the empirical threshold level as well as due to motor parameter variations. Experimental results show that our method satisfies EU legal requirements and guarantees robustness against parametric uncertainties.
55.3.42	P. Vadakkepat, P. Lim, L.C. De Silva, Liu Jing, Li Li Ling, "Multimodal Approach to Human-Face Detection and Tracking," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1385-1393, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The constructive need for robots to coexist with humans requires human-machine interaction. It is a challenge to operate these robots in such dynamic environments, which requires continuous decision-making and environment-attribute update in real-time. An autonomous robot guide is well suitable in places such as museums, libraries, schools, hospital, etc. This paper addresses a scenario where a robot tracks and follows a human. A neural network is utilized to learn the skin and nonskin colors. The skin-color probability map is utilized for skin classification and morphology-based preprocessing. Heuristic rule is used for face-ratio analysis and Bayesian cost analysis for label classification. A face-detection module, based on a 2D color model in the and YUV color space, is selected over the traditional skin-color model in a 3D color space. A modified continuously adaptive mean shift tracking mechanism in a 1D hue, saturation, and value color space is developed and implemented onto the mobile robot. In addition to the visual cues, the tracking process considers 16 sonar scan and tactile sensor readings from the robot to generate a robust measure of the person's distance from the robot. The robot thus decides an appropriate action, namely, to follow the human subject and perform obstacle avoidance. The proposed approach is orientation invariant under varying lighting conditions and invariant to natural transformations such as translation, rotation, and scaling. Such a multimodal solution is effective for face detection and tracking. Diagnosis and Monitoring
55.3.43	Kuo-Tsai Chang, Hsuang-Chang Chiang, "Investigation of Electrical Transient Behavior for Ultrasonic Transducer in on/off Cycles," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1394-1403, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper investigates a theoretical analysis of electrical transient responses of a bolt-clamped Langevin ultrasonic transducer (BLT) and its verifications based on simulations and experiments during on/off transient states immediately after turning on/off. The simulations are determined by a power electronic simulator originally designed for power converters and motor drives. The responses include the open-circuit voltage, the terminal current, the motional current and the mechanical power loss. A linear equivalent circuit model with the initial conditions is stated first. This model is used to derive the responses characterized by simple closed-form equations. The off transient state as specified by the initial conditions regarding switching-off time of an ac sine source for the drive of the BLT is related to cyclic behavior. The derived responses are further checked by simulations and experiments. To obtain the experiments, a test system which contains an ac power supply, a digital oscilloscope and a control switch is needed. Finally, characteristics of the responses and effects of switching-on/off times of the ac sine source on the characteristics are discussed. The characteristics comprise the dc/ac time constants and the maximum/minimum wave amplitudes for the BLT during on/off transient states.
55.3.44	M. Drif, A.J.M. Cardoso, "Airgap-Eccentricity Fault Diagnosis, in Three-Phase Induction Motors, by the Complex Apparent Power Signature Analysis," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1404-1410, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper deals with the use of the signature analysis of the complex apparent power modulus as a new technique for the diagnostics of mixed airgap-eccentricity condition in operating three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors. First, a modeling and simulation study concerning the occurrence of airgap eccentricity in three-phase induction motors is presented. For that purpose, the winding function approach is considered. Then, both simulation and experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. A suitable fault-severity factor is also proposed as an indicator of the condition of the machine.
55.3.45	Chih-Lyang Hwang, "Microprocessor-Based Fuzzy Decentralized Control of 2-D Piezo-Driven Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1411-1420, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, the trajectory tracking of a 2-D piezo-driven system (2DPDS) using microprocessor-based fuzzy decentralized control (MBFDC) is developed. It is known that the piezoelectric actuator contains hysteresis, which is not one-to-one mapping and memoryless nonlinearity. Due to this nonlinearity and the coupling characteristic of the 2DPDS, an effective decentralized control is difficult to design. From the very beginning, the suitable coefficients of switching surface are assigned to stabilize the dynamics of switching surface and to shape the response of tracking error. Based on the data of input/output, two scaling factors are employed to normalize the switching surface and its derivative. According to the concept of if-then rule, an appropriate rule table for the ith subsystem is then achieved. This table is skew symmetric about the diagonal line; the absolute value of this table is proportional to the distance to the diagonal line. According to the system stability, the output-scaling factor is determined. Finally, a sequence of experiments including the trajectory tracking using MBFDC, proportional-integral-differential control, and classic fuzzy control is carried out to confirm the usefulness of the proposed control system. Emerging Technology
55.3.46	B. Ayhan, H.J. Trussell, Mo-Yuen Chow, Myung-Hyun Song, "On the Use of a Lower Sampling Rate for Broken Rotor Bar Detection With DTFT and AR-Based Spectrum Methods," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1421-1434, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Broken rotor bars in an induction motor create asymmetries and result in abnormal amplitude of the sidebands around the fundamental supply frequency and its harmonics. Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) techniques are applied to inspect the spectrum amplitudes at the broken rotor bar specific frequencies for abnormality and to decide about broken rotor bar fault detection and diagnosis. In this paper, we have demonstrated with experimental results that the use of a lower sampling rate with a digital notch filter is feasible for MCSA in broken rotor bar detection with discrete-time Fourier transform and autoregressive-based spectrum methods. The use of the lower sampling rate does not affect the performance of the fault detection, while requiring much less computation and low cost in implementation, which would make it easier to implement in embedded systems for motor condition monitoring.
55.3.47	Hung-I Hsieh, Liom Huwang, Tien-Chi Lin, Dan Chen, "Use of a $C_{z}$ Common-Mode Capacitor in Two-Wire and Three-Wire Offline Power Supplies," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1435-1443, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In a two-wire (no chassis ground) input offline power supply system, a filter capacitor is often connected between the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer for common-mode electromagnetic interference reduction. For three-wire offline power supplies, such a capacitor is also sometimes used for the same purpose. It is unclear how this filter capacitor works. In this paper, an explanation of the noise suppression mechanism of such a capacitor is given. From the understanding of the mechanism, it is noted that when properly connected, works fine, but when improperly connected, it makes the noise performance even worse. Suggestions were made with regard to a proper connection for a variety of converter configurations with different variations.
55.3.48	Lingyun Hu, Changjiu Zhou, Zengqi Sun, "Estimating Biped Gait Using Spline-Based Probability Distribution Function With Q-Learning," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1444-1452, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper studies the probability distribution functions of the parameters to be learned and optimized in biped gait generation. By formulating the gait pattern generation into a multiobjective optimization problem with consideration of geometric and state constraints, dynamically stable and low energy cost biped gaits are generated and optimized by the proposed method, namely Spline-based Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) with Q-learning updating rule (EDA_S_Q). Instead of assuming variables as independent ones, the relationship between them is exploited by formulating the corresponding probability models with the Catmull-Rom cubic spline function. Such kind of function is proved to be a suboptimal and adaptive realization of the cubic spline function and is capable of providing high-precision description. Moreover, the probability models are updated autonomously by Q-learning method, which is model-free and adaptive. Thus, EDA_S_Q can deal with complex probability distribution functions without a prior knowledge about the distribution. The biped gait generated by EDA_S_Q has been verified using the simulation model of a humanoid soccer robot Robo-Erectus. It also shows that EDA_S_Q can generate the desired biped gaits autonomously in short learning epochs. An interpretation of the transition probability distribution achieved by EDA_S_Q provides us easy understanding for biped locomotion and better control in humanoid robots.
55.3.49	Chia-Feng Juang, Chun-Ming Lu, Chiang Lo, Chi-Yen Wang, "Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Fuzzy Controller Design and Its FPGA Implementation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1453-1462, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An ant colony optimization (ACO) application to a fuzzy controller (FC) design, called ACO-FC, is proposed in this paper for improving design efficiency and control performance, as well as ACO hardware implementation. An FC's antecedent part, i.e., the ldquoifrdquo part of its composing fuzzy if-then rules, is partitioned in grid-type, and all candidate rule consequent values are then listed. An ant trip is regarded as a combination of consequent values selected from every rule. A pheromone matrix among all candidate consequent values is constructed. Searching for the best one among all combinations of rule consequent values is based mainly on the pheromone matrix. The proposed ACO-FC performance is shown to be better than other metaheuristic design methods on simulation examples. The ACO used in ACO-FC is based on the known ant colony system and is hardware implemented on a field-programmable gate array chip. The ACO chip application to fuzzy control of a simulated water bath temperature control problem has verified the designed chip effectiveness.
55.3.50	Jian Sun, V. Mehrotra, "Orthogonal Winding Structures and Design for Planar Integrated Magnetics," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1463-1469, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a new winding design and implementation method for planar integrated magnetics (IM) to achieve high efficiency and high power density. The proposed design uses transformer and inductor windings that are orthogonal to each other in their plane orientations to minimize the capacitive coupling between them, as well as to reduce the thickness and the number of layers of the printed circuit board that hosts the windings. The orthogonal winding structures also result in lower dc resistance of the vertical winding and significantly reduce its eddy current losses. Applications of the proposed concept are demonstrated by an IM design for a 48-V-input 3.3-V-output 100-W half-bridge dc-dc converter with an integrated current-doubler rectifier. Finite-element analysis and prototype experimental results are presented to validate the proposed concept and its benefits.
55.3.51	Xinke Wu, Xiaogao Xie, Chen Zhao, Zhaoming Qian, Rongxiang Zhao, "Low Voltage and Current Stress ZVZCS Full Bridge DC–DC Converter Using Center Tapped Rectifier Reset," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1470-1477, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An improved zero-voltage and zero-current-switching (ZVZCS) full bridge dc-dc converter is proposed based on phase shift control. With an auxiliary center tapped rectifier at the secondary side, an auxiliary voltage source is applied to reset the primary current of the transformer winding. Therefore, zero-voltage switching for the leading leg switches and zero-current switching for the lagging leg switches can be achieved, respectively, without any increase of current and voltage stresses. Since the primary current in the circulating interval for the phase shift full bridge converter is eliminated, the conduction loss in primary switches is reduced. A 1 kW prototype is made to verify the theoretical analysis.
55.3.52	Hyun-Ki Yoon, Sang-Kyoo Han, Eun-Seok Choi, Gun-Woo Moon, Myung-Joong Youn, "Zero-Voltage Switching and Soft-Commutating Two-Transformer Full-Bridge PWM Converter Using the Voltage-Ripple," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1478-1488, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and soft-commutating two-transformer full-bridge pulsewidth modulation converter using the voltage ripple is proposed in this paper. It is based on the phase-shift full-bridge with series-connected two transformers (TTFB) that act as an output inductor as well as a main transformer. Moreover, the TTFB converter achieves the ZVS of all the switches inherently even at a light load using the energy stored in the magnetizing inductance of each transformer. However, it has several drawbacks such as circulating energy during the freewheeling state, loss of duty cycle, and high voltage stress across the output rectifier diodes. To overcome these drawbacks, the proposed converter employs an output-voltage-doubler, allowing the output rectifier diode to softly commutate with less voltage stress, to reduce the freewheeling interval as well as the circulating energy. The operational principle, technical analysis, and design considerations are described. Finally, the experimental results from a 425 W, 385 V_dc /170 V_dc prototype are presented to confirm the operation, validity, and features of the proposed converter. Letters to the Editor
55.3.53	A.G. Abo-Khalil, Dong-Choon Lee, "MPPT Control of Wind Generation Systems Based on Estimated Wind Speed Using SVR," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1489-1490, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, a novel algorithm for wind-speed estimation in wind-power generation systems is proposed, which is based on the theory of support-vector regression (SVR). The inputs of the SVR wind-speed estimator are chosen as the wind-turbine power and rotational speed. During the offline training, a specified model, which relates the inputs to the output, is obtained. Then, the wind speed is determined online from the instantaneous inputs. The experimental results have verified the validity of the proposed estimation algorithm.
55.3.54	Sung Young Kim, Kwanghee Nam, Hong-Seok Song, Ho-Gi Kim, "Fault Diagnosis of a ZVS DC–DC Converter Based on DC-Link Current Pulse Shapes," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1491-1494, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The dc-dc converter is a critical component in a hybrid electric vehicle since it supplies power to an electronic control unit, as well as chassis electric components such as power windows, wipers, etc. In this paper, a low-cost diagnostic method for MOSFET faults in a zero- voltage-switching dc-dc converter is proposed. The proposed method utilizes the dc-link current patterns as the signatures of faults of MOSFETs. A presignal processing circuit consists of a peak detector and an integrator circuit. The ratio of peak-to-integral values, which is similar to the crest factor, is useful for diagnosis.
55.3.55	"Call for papers-application and control of doubly fed induction machines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1495-1495, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.3.56	"Explore IEL IEEE's most comprehensive resource," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1496-1496, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.3.57	"IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. C3-C3, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.3.58	"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics information for authors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. C4-C4, March 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available