IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 55, Number 2, Feb 2008 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

Special Section Papers

55.2.1	"Table of Contents," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. C1-478, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.2.2	"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics publication information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. C2-C2, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.2.3	B. FAHIMI, I. BOLDEA, "Guest Editorial," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 479-480, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The 17 papers in this special section focus on electric machinery and adjustable-speed motor drives.
55.2.4	J.W. Finch, D. Giaouris, "Controlled AC Electrical Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 481-491, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The use of AC electrical machines in controlled electrical drive applications is reviewed. The major types of electrical machines are briefly summarized to set the context and establish the physical basis for the control techniques used. Machine properties, which are the key to successful control, can be obscured by the necessary mathematics required for machine analysis and control scheme derivations. The main focus of this paper is on control techniques which are being applied to make AC drives a rapidly growing area. Development of the control is discussed, with concentration on recent trends suitable for practical applications in the industry with good dynamic behavior. A particular feature is the increasing importance of speed or position sensorless techniques.
55.2.5	L.N. Tutelea, Myung Chin Kim, M. Topor, Ju Lee, I. Boldea, "Linear Permanent Magnet Oscillatory Machine: Comprehensive Modeling for Transients With Validation by Experiments," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 492-500, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A linear and respective nonlinear state space model of a linear permanent magnet oscillatory machine is defined and then its parameters are computed from tests. The experiments were performed on two linear machine prototypes, one with interior permanent magnets and flux concentration and the other with surface permanent magnets. The finite element method model, validated on the existing prototype, shows further improvement possibilities of the interior permanent magnet machine. Dynamic tests and simulations with mechanical coupling of the two machines are used to validate the model in motion and on load. Good agreement between theory and tests in terms of various variables, including the linear position measured with a Laser-based transducer, has been observed.
55.2.6	F. Morel, J.-M. Retif, Xuefang Lin-Shi, C. Valentin, "Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Hybrid Torque Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 501-511, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a control scheme suitable for systems composed of a continuous process modulated in energy by a power converter with a finite number of topologies. To track the continuous reference values, a topology of the power converter is determined from a criterion based on a process state variable model and taking into account the possible topologies of the power converter. The proposed hybrid control scheme is applied to an electrical motor drive composed of an inverter coupled to a permanent magnet synchronous machine. An evolution which insures a fixed modulation frequency is also proposed. Experimental results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
55.2.7	Kyo-Beum Lee, F. Blaabjerg, "Sensorless DTC-SVM for Induction Motor Driven by a Matrix Converter Using a Parameter Estimation Strategy," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 512-521, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a new direct torque controlled space vector modulated method to improve the sensorless performance of matrix converter drives using a parameter estimation scheme. The flux and torque error are geometrically combined in a new flux leakage vector to make a stator command voltage vector in a deadbeat manner. A new sensorless method of estimating the rotor speed, flux, stator resistance, and rotor resistance is derived and verified with experimental results. Common terms in the error dynamics are utilized to find a simpler error model involving some auxiliary variables. Using this error model, the state estimation problem is converted into a parameter estimation problem assuming the rotor speed is constant. The proposed adaptive schemes are determined so that the whole system is stable in the sense of Lyapunov. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by experiments.
55.2.8	M. Blodt, D. Bonacci, J. Regnier, M. Chabert, J. Faucher, "On-Line Monitoring of Mechanical Faults in Variable-Speed Induction Motor Drives Using the Wigner Distribution," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 522-533, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper deals with the detection of mechanical load faults in induction motors during speed transients. The detection strategy is based on stator current analysis. Mechanical load faults generally lead to load torque oscillations at specific frequencies related to the mechanical rotor speed. The torque oscillations produce a characteristic sinusoidal phase modulation of the stator current. Speed transients result in time-varying supply frequencies that prevent the use of classical, Fourier transform-based spectral estimation. This paper proposes the use of a time-frequency distribution, the Wigner Distribution, for stator current analysis. Fault indicators are extracted from the distribution for on-line condition monitoring. The proposed methods are implemented on a low-cost digital signal processor. Experimental results in a steady-state and during transients with load torque oscillations and load imbalance are presented.
55.2.9	Hong Sun Lim, R. Krishnan, N.S. Lobo, "Design and Control of a Linear Propulsion System for an Elevator Using Linear Switched Reluctance Motor Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 534-542, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Linear switched reluctance motors (LSRMs) for the primary propulsion of a ship elevator is proposed and investigated for the first time in this paper. To achieve the stated objective, a new type of LSRM is proposed with twin stators and a translator between them with no back iron in the translator. The proposed configuration of the LSRM is designed, simulated, analyzed, compared with traditional LSRMs, and verified by experimental measurements. The number of LSRM propulsion subsystems required is studied with a view to minimize their weights and an optimization study for that purpose is developed. Unique placement of the LSRM propulsion systems on the elevator is presented. The propulsion force is generated using one phase or multiphase excitation. To reduce propulsion force pulsations, a major requirement in elevators, controlled multiphase excitation using one of the known force distribution functions (FDF) is an acceptable solution. In this paper, it is proved that the currently available FDFs are able to reduce the force pulsations but are not able to meet the peak force command for the system. Consequently, the velocity and position control do not meet even the elementary performance requirements any more. A new FDF is proposed in this paper and presented to overcome the problem caused by a conventional FDF. The control system with the proposed FDF is derived and integrated into velocity and position controllers. Extensive dynamic simulation and experimental verification of the proposed LSRM with the novel FDF is proved to give superior performance in this paper. Such high performance capable of meeting vertical elevator applications is demonstrated.
55.2.10	D. Giaouris, J.W. Finch, O.C. Ferreira, R.M. Kennel, G.M. El-Murr, "Wavelet Denoising for Electric Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 543-550, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Signal identification is a common problem in electric drive applications. This paper proposes the use of wavelet transforms to extract and identify specific frequency components. Initially, current measurements from a constant voltage/hertz application are filtered using various wavelets and the results compared with conventional filtering methods. A pseudoadaptive denoising method is then proposed based on wavelets which adjust the level of decomposition depending on the rotor speed. Finally, wavelets are used in a high frequency injection speed estimation scheme and shown to be superior to conventional methods in such cases, where the useful information may be at higher frequency and have imprecise frequency components. Experimental and simulated results verify these statements.
55.2.11	Da Zhang, Hui Li, "A Stochastic-Based FPGA Controller for an Induction Motor Drive With Integrated Neural Network Algorithms," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 551-561, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper applies stochastic theory to the design and implementation of field-oriented control of an induction motor drive using a single field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device and integrated neural network (NN) algorithms. Normally, NNs are characterized as heavily parallel calculation algorithms that employ enormous computational resources and are less useful for economical digital hardware implementations. A stochastic NN structure is proposed in this paper for an FPGA implementation of a feedforward NN to estimate the feedback signals in an induction motor drive. The stochastic arithmetic simplifies the computational elements of the NN and significantly reduces the number of logic gates required for the proposed NN estimator. A new stochastic proportional-integral speed controller is also developed with antiwindup functionality. Compared with conventional digital controls for motor drives, the proposed stochastic-based algorithm enhances the arithmetic operations of the FPGA, saves digital resources, and permits the NN algorithms and classical control algorithms to be easily interfaced and implemented on a single low-complexity, inexpensive FPGA. The algorithm has been realized using a single FPGA XC3S400 from Xilinx, Inc. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test platform using a Real Time Digital Simulator is built in the laboratory. The HIL experimental results are provided to verify the proposed FPGA controller.
55.2.12	P.G. Kini, R.C. Bansal, R.S. Aithal, "Performance Analysis of Centrifugal Pumps Subjected to Voltage Variation and Unbalance," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 562-569, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Frequent variation of single-phase loads on power system networks results in voltage fluctuations and imbalance at consumer terminals. The application of such fluctuating voltages to operate centrifugal loads causes large variations in system performance. As a consequence, the incorporation of large safety factors have resulted in efficiency of pumping operations being less than 50% in most cases. However, small improvements in pump efficiency can lead to a significant reduction in energy consumption, and at the same time energy usage can be optimized. The operating point of a pump is obtained when the system curve intersects the pump curve. Variation in applied voltages leads to variation in the operating point, leading to inefficiency of system operation. This paper presents the impact of voltage variation and imbalance on the working performance of an induction motor-driven centrifugal pump system with an experimental study. Both overvoltage and undervoltage conditions along with phase imbalance were considered for analysis.
55.2.13	A. Piippo, M. Hinkkanen, J. Luomi, "Analysis of an Adaptive Observer for Sensorless Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 570-576, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper deals with a speed and position estimation method for the sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. The method is based on a speed-adaptive observer. The dynamics of the system are analyzed by linearizing both the motor model and the observer, and the observer gain is selected to give improved damping and noise suppression. At low speeds, the observer is augmented with a signal injection technique, providing stable operation down to zero speed. The experimental results, obtained using a 2.2-kW interior magnet motor, are in agreement with the results of the analysis.
55.2.14	C. Zwyssig, S.D. Round, J.W. Kolar, "An Ultrahigh-Speed, Low Power Electrical Drive System," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 577-585, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: New emerging applications in the areas of portable power generation, small turbocompressors and spindles require the development of ultrahigh-speed, low power electrical drives. A 500 000 r/min, 100 W electrical drive system is presented. Because of the ultrahigh-speed requirements, standard machine design and power electronic topology choices no longer apply and the complete drive system has to be considered. A permanent magnet machine with a slotless litz-wire winding is used, which results in a low motor inductance and a high fundamental machine frequency. Three different combinations of power electronic topologies and commutation strategies have been experimentally investigated. A voltage source inverter with block commutation and an additional dc-dc converter is selected as the most optimal choice for the power electronics interface as it results in the lowest volume of the entire drive system due to lower switching losses, no heat sink cooling required, a small number of semiconductor devices, and relatively simple control implementation in a low cost digital signal processor.
55.2.15	F. Zidani, D. Diallo, M. El Hachemi Benbouzid, R. Nait-Said, "A Fuzzy-Based Approach for the Diagnosis of Fault Modes in a Voltage-Fed PWM Inverter Induction Motor Drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 586-593, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper investigates the use of fuzzy logic for fault detection and diagnosis in a pulsewidth modulation voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI) induction motor drive. The proposed fuzzy technique requires the measurement of the output inverter currents to detect intermittent loss of firing pulses in the inverter power switches. For diagnosis purposes, a localization domain made with seven patterns is built with the stator Concordia current vector. One is dedicated to the healthy domain and the six others to each inverter power switch. The fuzzy bases of the proposed technique are extracted from the current analysis of the fault modes in the PWM-VSI. Experimental results on a 1.5-kW induction motor drive are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy approach.
55.2.16	S. Maiti, C. Chakraborty, Y. Hori, M.C. Ta, "Model Reference Adaptive Controller-Based Rotor Resistance and Speed Estimation Techniques for Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive Utilizing Reactive Power," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 594-601, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, a detailed study on the model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) utilizing the reactive power is presented for the online estimation of rotor resistance to maintain proper flux orientation in an indirect vector controlled induction motor drive. Selection of reactive power as the functional candidate in the MRAC automatically makes the system immune to the variation of stator resistance. Moreover, the unique formation of the MRAC with the instantaneous and steady-state reactive power completely eliminates the requirement of any flux estimation in the process of computation. Thus, the method is less sensitive to integrator-related problems like drift and saturation (requiring no integration). This also makes the estimation at or near zero speed quite accurate. Adding flux estimators to the MRAC, a speed sensorless scheme is developed. Simulation and experimental results have been presented to confirm the effectiveness of the technique.
55.2.17	L. Parsa, Lei Hao, "Interior Permanent Magnet Motors With Reduced Torque Pulsation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 602-609, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, three-phase interior permanent magnet brushless DC motors are analyzed. The effect of magnetization direction, number of stator slots, winding distribution, skew angle, current waveform, and advance angle on torque pulsation is examined. Finite element method is used to calculate the torque, reluctance torque, back iron flux density, tooth flux density, detent torque, and back electromotive force of the motors. Switching instants are calculated such that the reluctance torque can be utilized and maximum torque with reduced pulsation is achieved. Experimental results to support the simulation findings are included in this paper.
55.2.18	B. Akin, U. Orguner, H.A. Toliyat, M. Rayner, "Low Order PWM Inverter Harmonics Contributions to the Inverter-Fed Induction Machine Fault Diagnosis," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 610-619, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, the effects of inverter harmonics on motor current fault signatures are studied in detail. It is theoretically and experimentally shown that the fault signatures caused by the inverter harmonics are similar and comparable to those generated by the fundamental harmonic on the line current. Theoretically-derived extended relations including bearing fault, eccentricity, and broken rotor bar relations are found to match experimental results. Furthermore, it is observed and reported that the asymmetries on the rotor caused by broken rotor bars increase the amplitude of even harmonics. To confirm these claims, bearing, eccentricity, and broken rotor bar faults are tested and the line current spectrum of each faulty motor is compared with the healthy one. The proposed additional fault data are expected to contribute positively to the inverter-fed motor fault decision making algorithms.
55.2.19	M. Barut, S. Bogosyan, M. Gokasan, "Experimental Evaluation of Braided EKF for Sensorless Control of Induction Motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 620-632, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Temperature- and frequency-dependent variations of the rotor (R'_r) and stator (R_s) resistances pose a challenge in the accurate estimation of flux and velocity in the sensorless control of induction motors (IMs) over a wide speed range. Solutions have been sought to the problem by signal injection and/or by the use of different algorithms for the different parameters and states of the same motor. In this paper, a novel Extended-Kalman-Filter (EKF)-based estimation technique is developed for the solution of the problem based on the consecutive operation of two EKF algorithms at every time step. The proposed ldquobraidedrdquo EKF technique is experimentally tested under challenging parameter and load variations in a wide speed range, including low speed. The results demonstrate a significantly increased accuracy in the estimation of R_s and R'_r, as well as load torque, flux, and velocity in transient and steady state, when compared with single EKFs or other approaches taken to estimate these parameters and states in the sensorless control of IMs. The improved results also motivate the utilization of the new estimation approach in combination with a variety of control methods which depend on accurate knowledge of a high number of parameters and states.
55.2.20	J. Cusido, L. Romeral, J.A. Ortega, J.A. Rosero, A. Garcia Espinosa, "Fault Detection in Induction Machines Using Power Spectral Density in Wavelet Decomposition," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 633-643, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Motor-current-signature analysis has been successfully used in induction machines for fault diagnosis. The method, however, does not always achieve good results when the speed or the load torque is not constant, because this causes variations on the motor-slip and fast Fourier transform problems appear due to a nonstationary signal. This paper proposes a new method for motor fault detection, which analyzes the spectrogram based on a short-time Fourier transform and a further combination of wavelet and power-spectral-density (PSD) techniques, which consume a smaller amount of processing power. The proposed algorithms have been applied to detect broken rotor bars as well as shorted turns. Besides, a merit factor based on PSD is introduced as a novel approach for condition monitoring, and a further implementation of the algorithm is proposed. Theoretical development and experimental results are provided to support the research. Single-Phase Electronics
55.2.21	Wu Chen, Xinbo Ruan, "Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM Hybrid Full-Bridge Three-Level Converter With Secondary-Voltage Clamping Scheme," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 644-654, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A hybrid full-bridge (H-FB) three-level (TL) converter can realize zero-voltage-switching for switches with the use of resonant inductance (including the leakage inductance of the transformer) and intrinsic capacitors of the switches. As it can operate in three-level and two-level (2L) modes, the secondary rectified voltage is always close to the output voltage over the input-voltage range; thus, the output filter requirement is significantly less. Meanwhile, the voltage stress of the rectifier diodes can also be reduced. Therefore, the H-FB TL converter is very attractive for wide input-voltage-range applications. However, there is a serious voltage oscillation across the rectifier diodes caused by reverse recovery like the Buck-derived converters. In this paper, two clamping diodes are introduced to the H-FB TL converter to eliminate the voltage oscillation across the rectifier diodes. The arrangement of the positions of the resonant inductance and the transformer is discussed. The operation principle of the proposed converter is analyzed in details. A 1.2-kW prototype was built and tested in the laboratory to verify the operation of the proposed converter.
55.2.22	Ben-Sheng Chen, Yuan-Yih Hsu, "A Minimal Harmonic Controller for a STATCOM," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 655-664, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, a novel controller with fixed modulation index (MI) and variable dc capacitor voltage reference to minimize voltage and current harmonics is presented for a distribution static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The STATCOM with the proposed controller consists of a three-phase voltage-sourced inverter and a dc capacitor and is used to provide reactive power compensation and regulate ac system bus voltage with minimum harmonics. A systematic design procedure based on pole-zero cancellation, root locus method, and pole assignment method has been developed to determine proper parameters for the current regulator, the dc voltage controller, and the ac voltage controller of the STATCOM. With the proposed STATCOM controller, harmonic distortions in the inverter output current and voltage can be reduced since the MI is held constant at unity in steady state. In addition, a fast adjustment in the STATCOM output reactive power is achieved to regulate the ac bus voltage through the adjustment of the dc voltage reference during the transient period. Simulation and experimental results for the steady-state operating condition and transient operating conditions for the system subjected to a reactive current reference step change, a three-phase line to neutral fault, and a step load change are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
55.2.23	M.K.H. Cheung, M.H.L. Chow, C.K. Tse, "Practical Design and Evaluation of a 1 kW PFC Power Supply Based on Reduced Redundant Power Processing Principle," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 665-673, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Using the reduced redundant power processing (R²P²) principle, a single-phase power-factor correction (PFC) power supply can achieve a higher overall efficiency as a result of the use of a noncascading structure that involves less repeated processing of the input power. This paper investigates a single-phase noncascading PFC power supply based on the R²P² principle. The circuit employs a current-fed full-bridge converter as the PFC preregulator, and a buck-boost converter as the voltage regulator. This paper addresses the design of this noncascading PFC power supply and in particular the relationships between the gained efficiency, the transient response and the size of the energy storage. Experimental results obtained from a 1 kW laboratory prototype are presented.
55.2.24	Huang-Jen Chiu, Tzu-Herng Song, Shih-Jen Cheng, Chia-Hsing Li, Yu-Kang Lo, "Design and Implementation of a Single-Stage High-Frequency HID Lamp Electronic Ballast," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 674-683, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: We present a single-stage electronic ballast with a high power factor feature for driving high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps. A new frequency-modulation technique is proposed to eliminate the acoustic resonance problem in HID lamps under high-frequency operation. The proposed method has the merits of simple circuit and low cost; thus, it is suitable for use in commercial applications. The conducted emission caused by the high-frequency electronic ballast can be also effectively reduced. The operating principles and design considerations of the proposed electronic ballast are analyzed and discussed in detail. A 35-W laboratory prototype is designed and implemented. Simulation and experimental waveforms are given to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results are satisfactory.
55.2.25	Guanghai Gong, H. Ertl, J.W. Kolar, "Novel Tracking Power Supply for Linear Power Amplifiers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 684-698, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Conventional linear power amplifiers (LPAs) show a high output voltage quality but are characterized by high power losses and/or low power density. Therefore, there is a growing interest in increasing the efficiency of LPAs, e.g., for the realization of high power testing voltage sources. In this paper, a high-frequency isolated boost-type tracking power supply (TPS) system is proposed for the conditioning of the input voltage of an LPA. The output voltage of the TPS is varied according to the voltage to be formed by the LPA so that the voltage drop across the power amplifier output transistors is reduced to low values. This results in a significant increase of the total system efficiency. The operating principle of the proposed system is described. A design method for the output filter using the power supply rejection ratio of the LPA is proposed. This method ensures that the amplifier output voltage has minimal switching frequency components. Furthermore, a control system design method is presented that ensures good performance in the control of the constant inductor current of the switch-mode tracking stage. Finally, the theoretical considerations are verified by measurements on a 1-kW laboratory prototype.
55.2.26	Lee Jong-Jae, Kwon Jung-Min, Kim Eung-Ho, Kwon Bong-Hwan, "Dual Series-Resonant Active-Clamp Converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 699-710, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A dual series-resonant active-clamp dc-dc converter is proposed to obtain high efficiency. The proposed converter employs an active-clamp technique, while a series-resonant scheme controls the output voltage with the complementary pulsewidth modulation controller. The active-clamp circuit serves to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductance or the magnetizing inductance and provides zero-voltage turn-on switching. The voltage stresses of the main switch are clamped. Moreover, the proposed dual series-resonant circuit provides two resonant-current paths formed by the leakage inductance and the output resonant capacitors, and a zero-current turn-off switching of diodes is achieved by its dual resonance. In addition, voltage stresses of the output diodes are clamped to the output voltage. Thus, the proposed active-clamp dc-dc converter using a dual series-resonant circuit is analyzed and optimized for high power efficiency. Experimental results for a 400 W dc-dc converter at a constant switching frequency of 100 kHz are obtained to show the performance of the proposed converter.
55.2.27	C.B. Nascimento, A.J. Perin, "High Power Factor Electronic Ballast for Fluorescent Lamps With Reduced Input Filter and Low Cost of Implementation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 711-721, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An electronic ballast employing the voltage source-charge pump power factor correction concept is presented in this paper. Such characteristics as reliability, simplicity, and a small number of components are found in this electronic ballast. From the developed mathematical analysis, the unity power factor condition is obtained. Experimental results for a prototype applying the developed methodology to two 40-W lamps, using a fixed frequency drive, and to a second prototype with two 40-W lamps, using a self-oscillating drive, prove the efficiency of the proposed electronic ballast.
55.2.28	A. Nasiri, Zhong Nie, S.B. Bekiarov, A. Emadi, "An On-Line UPS System With Power Factor Correction and Electric Isolation Using BIFRED Converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 722-730, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents the design consideration and performance analysis of an on-line, low-cost, high performance, and single-phase uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system based on a boost integrated flyback rectifier/energy storage dc/dc (BIFRED) converter. The system consists of an isolated ac/dc BIFRED converter, a bidirectional dc/dc converter, and a dc/ac inverter. It provides input power factor correction, electric isolation of the input from the output, low battery voltage, and control simplicity. Unlike conventional UPS topologies, the electrical isolation is provided using a high frequency transformer that results in a smaller size and lower cost. Detailed circuit operation, analysis, as well as simulation and experiment results are presented. A novel digital control technique is also presented for UPS inverter control. This controller follows the reference current and voltage of the inverter with a delay of two and four sampling periods, respectively.
55.2.29	M.P. Theodoridis, S.V. Mollov, "Robust MOSFET Driver for RF, Class-D Inverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 731-740, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The gate driver presented here allows the operation of a half-bridge resonant inverter at 13.56 MHz using standard package switching devices. Similar to other sinusoidal drivers, it inherently provides dead time between conduction of the power devices and consumes relatively low power with respect to square wave drivers. One advantage of the presented topology is that it exhibits high tolerance of the Miller effect of the driven devices and can therefore drive high capacitance, low-cost MOSFETs at radio frequencies. Another advantage of this driver is that it uses modestly rated devices. The concepts developed in this paper are demonstrated with two 13.56 MHz, 300 W/500 W prototype inverters with efficiencies above 85%.
55.2.30	Sheng-Yu Tseng, Tsai-Fu Wu, Yaow-Ming Chen, "Wide Pulse Combined With Narrow-Pulse Generator for Food Sterilization," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 741-748, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper proposes a wide pulse combined with a narrow-pulse generator for solid-food sterilization. The proposed generator is composed of a full-bridge converter in phase-shift control to generate a high dc-link voltage and a full-bridge inverter associated with an L-C network and a transformer to generate wide pulses combined with narrow pulses. These combined pulses can prevent undesired strong air arcing in free space, reduce power consumption, and save power components, while sterilizing food effectively. The converter and inverter can be operated at high frequencies and with pulse width-modulation control; thus, its weight and size can be reduced significantly, and its efficiency can correspondingly be improved. Experimental results obtained from a prototype with plusmn10-kV wide pulses combined with plusmn10-kV narrow pulses and with 10- to 50-kW peak output power, depending on pulsewidth of the output pulses, have demonstrated its feasibility.
55.2.31	Chien-Ming Wang, "A Novel ZCS-PWM Flyback Converter With a Simple ZCS-PWM Commutation Cell," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 749-757, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper proposes a novel zero-current-switching pulsewidth-modulation (ZCS-PWM) flyback dc/dc converter using a simple ZCS-PWM commutation cell. The main switch and auxiliary switch operate at ZCS turn-on and turn-off conditions, and all uncontrolled devices in the proposed converter operate at zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turn-on and turn-off. In addition, given constant frequency and decreasing commutation losses, the proposed converter has no additional current stress and conduction loss in the main switch compared to the conventional hard switching flyback converter. The averaging approach is used to estimate and examine the steady-state of the proposed converter. The principle of operation, theoretical analysis, and experimental results of the new ZCS-PWM flyback converter, rated 150 W and operating at 80 kHz, are provided in this paper to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
55.2.32	Chien-Ming Wang, Ching-Hung Su, Maoh-Chin Jiang, Yan-Chun Lin, "A ZVS-PWM Single-Phase Inverter Using a Simple ZVS-PWM Commutation Cell," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 758-766, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) single-phase inverter using a simple ZVS-PWM commutation cell is presented in this paper. Except for the auxiliary switches, all switching devices in the ZVS-PWM single-phase inverter operate at ZVS turn on and turn off. The auxiliary switches operate at zero-current-switching turned-on and turned-off. Besides operating at constant frequency, the proposed inverter has no overvoltage across the switches on the main switch compared to the hard switching inverter counterpart. Auxiliary components rated at very small current are used. The principle of operation, theoretical analysis, and experimental results of the new ZVS-PWM single-phase inverter, rated 1 kW and operated at 40 kHz, are provided in this paper to verify the performance.
55.2.33	Chau-Shing Wang, "Flicker-Insensitive Light Dimmer for Incandescent Lamps," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 767-772, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a new dimmer that does not amplify light flicker in incandescent lamps. The development of this new dimmer is motivated by the fact that the incandescent lamp is very sensitive to voltage fluctuation and the typical R-C -circuit dimmer for incandescent lamps amplifies the light flicker considerably. The proposed method utilizes a 16-b microcontroller to calculate the fluctuation voltage and determine the appropriate firing angle for a power switch device in the circuit of the dimmer. The mathematical model and simulation of the incandescent lamp with the proposed dimmer are also presented. By dynamically adjusting the firing angle to compensate for the voltage, the proposed dimmer can substantially diminish the light flicker. Furthermore, a series of experiments on this dimmer has been made to test its performance, and the results demonstrate a remarkable reduction in amplifying effect of light flicker.
55.2.34	Xinke Wu, Junming Zhang, Xin Ye, Zhaoming Qian, "Analysis and Derivations for a Family ZVS Converter Based on a New Active Clamp ZVS Cell," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 773-781, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new zero voltage switching (ZVS) cell is proposed based on the active clamping technique. With a small clamping diode in the cell, the voltage ringing caused by the auxiliary inductor and the parasitic capacitance of the diode is eliminated, and therefore, the circulating loss is minimized. A new ZVS boost converter is presented and analyzed in detail to demonstrate the operating principle of the new ZVS cell. A new family of ZVS dc-dc converters can be derived based on the proposed ZVS cell and typical nonisolated dc-dc converters. A 500 W/190 kHz ZVS boost prototype is made to verify the analysis.
55.2.35	Kang-Hyun Yi, Sang-Kyoo Han, Seong-Wook Choi, Chong-Eun Kim, Gun-Woo Moon, "A Simple and Highly Efficient Energy Recovery Circuit for a Plasma Display Panel (PDP)," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 782-790, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A simple and highly efficient energy recovery circuit (ERC) for a plasma display panel (PDP) is proposed. The main concept of the proposed circuit is the use of the current source type to charge and discharge the panel. As a result, all H-bridge switches can achieve zero voltage switching and every auxiliary switch can also do zero current switching. Moreover, since the inductor current can compensate for the large gas-discharge current, current stress in the main H-bridge switches can be reduced. Although the current source type is used to recover energy in the PDP, there is also very low freewheeling current. This means that the proposed ERC has higher efficiency, a simpler structure, less mass, less cost, and lower electromagnetic interference than those of many prior circuits. Multiphase Systems
55.2.36	T. Nussbaumer, M.L. Heldwein, Guanghai Gong, S.D. Round, J.W. Kolar, "Comparison of Prediction Techniques to Compensate Time Delays Caused by Digital Control of a Three-Phase Buck-Type PWM Rectifier System," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 791-799, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The digital control of a three-phase three-switch buck-type rectifier system is analyzed in this paper. Three main sources of time delays in the control loop can be identified for the implementation on a digital signal processor (DSP): 1) the delay time due to the sampling of the control quantities; 2) the one due to the calculation time of the DSP; and 3) the one due to the sample-and-hold function of the pulsewidth modulator. Using the buck-type system as an example, the influence of the time delay on the stability of the inner current control loop is discussed, and two prediction methods for time-delay compensation, i.e., a linear prediction and the Smith prediction, are comparatively evaluated. The control performance and the effect of the delay times and the prediction methods are shown by simulation results and through measurements on a 5-kW prototype.
55.2.37	Sheng-Yu Tseng, Tsai-Fu Wu, Shu-Yuan Fan, "Generation of Multiphase Pulsed Voltages for Transdermal Drug Delivery," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 800-808, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper first reviews the mechanism of transdermal drug delivery (TDD) and then presents the method for generating multiphase pulsed voltages (MPPVs) for TDD applications. In TDD applications, it offers many potential advantages over conventional methods, such as oral and injection treatments, and it avoids drug degradation through the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Due to the energy stored in an equivalent capacitor of human skin which is about 30% of the total energy consumption, a full-bridge type of converter is designed to recover this energy, and additionally, it is equipped with a soft-switching cell to achieve a zero-voltage switching or a zero-current switching, improving the efficiency of about 20%. The overall system needs only a set of soft-switching cells to achieve a soft-switching feature even though it can generate sets of pulsed voltages, reducing size and cost significantly. Moreover, the MPPVs are introduced to further improve the effectiveness of drug delivery. Experimental results from the TDD application with a 150-V output voltage and a 110-W peak power have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed generator.
55.2.38	P.W. Wheeler, J.C. Clare, M. Apap, K.J. Bradley, "Harmonic Loss Due to Operation of Induction Machines From Matrix Converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 809-816, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper quantifies the extra harmonic losses in an induction motor that are associated with the use of a matrix converter topology as a motor drive. These extra losses are compared to the harmonic losses associated with an inverter-based motor drive. The technique employed in the determination of the harmonic losses is described. For the matrix converter, the extra harmonic losses associated with two commonly used modulation techniques are calculated and compared. The impact of these extra losses on the cooling requirements and operation of the motor is considered.
55.2.39	Wong Leung-Pong, Lee Yim-Shu, M.H.L. Chow, D.K.-W. Cheng, "A Four-Phase Forward Converter Using an Integrated Transformer," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 817-831, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The interleaved converter topology has attractive features that include high output current, small output-current ripple, and fast transient response. In this paper, an interleaved four-phase forward converter using an integrated transformer is proposed for telecommunication and computer applications. The proposed converter requires only one integrated transformer instead of four step-down transformers. The z-parameter (gyrator) model and the equivalent-circuit model of the integrated transformer are derived. The circuit operation and design criteria are described. Theoretical analyses are verified by simulated and experimental results. Robotics and Mechatronics
55.2.40	W.L. Xu, J.-S. Pap, J. Bronlund, "Design of a Biologically Inspired Parallel Robot for Foods Chewing," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 832-841, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: To quantitatively assess food texture changes and/or masticatory efficiency during chewing, the jaw movements and chewing/biting forces must be measured. For this purpose, a robotic solution has been proposed to reproduce the human chewing behavior. The chewing robot of parallel mechanism is based on the biological finding that the mandible is pivoted at the temporomandibular joints and driven by groups of muscles for opening and closing of the mouth. This paper reviews the biomechanics of the mastication system, defines the kinematical mechanism of the chewing robot, and describes the design of the actuation systems. With a linear actuator for a muscle group of mastication, its spatial placement between the mandible or moving plate and the maxilla or ground plate follows the line of action and attachment sites of the muscle. The design requirements for each actuation system are mainly specified as the actuation range, velocity, and acceleration, and the actuation force, which are determined by inverse kinematics analysis via a simulation software and the jaw force analysis via Pythagorean theorem, respectively. A design of the physical linear actuation, which is made up of a rotary motor, a gear reduction train, and a leadscrew, is presented, whereas the challenges are discussed for building the entire chewing robot.
55.2.41	Ding Yuan, T. Chang, "Model Reference Input Shaper Design With Applications to a High-Speed Robotic Workcell With Variable Loads," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 842-851, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, the model reference zero vibration (MRZV) control design is introduced to improve transient performance of robotic manipulators. MRZV consists of a zero vibration (ZV) shaper as the feedforward control while utilizing model reference control to improve robustness and performance under plant model parameter variations. Performance analysis of the MRZV control is given in terms of residual vibration and it is shown that MRZV can tolerate significantly larger plant model variations while maintaining the performance characteristics compared to standard shaper designs such as ZV and ZV and Derivative. A synthesis procedure is provided for the MRZV method to guarantee a prespecified level of residual vibration. Experimental verifications based on a standard cycle time test are carried out on an Adept Technology Cartesian robot. Results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. Motors and Actuators
55.2.42	A. Chiba, D. Akamatsu, T. Fukao, M. Azizur Rahman, "An Improved Rotor Resistance Identification Method for Magnetic Field Regulation in Bearingless Induction Motor Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 852-860, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Bearingless induction motors have combined characteristics of an induction motor and magnetic bearings. Bearingless induction motors tend to suffer from the influence of rotor resistance variation under field-oriented control because magnetic suspension is sensitive to magnetic field rotational position error. In this paper, a novel rotor resistance identification technique based on variables in the magnetic suspension control loop is proposed. The rotor resistance is identified from suspension force command variations under static force generation by suspending an external shaft weight. Thus, a real-time on-line identification of the rotor resistance variation arising out of loading and temperature changes is possible with the regulation of magnetic field direction.
55.2.43	P.M. dos Santos Dias de Moraes, A.J. Perin, "An Electronic Control Unit for Reducing Contact Bounce in Electromagnetic Contactors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 861-870, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: With the increasing concern on reliability and life span of electromagnetic contactors, manufacturers are now providing devices equipped with electronic control units, in an effort to reduce problems associated with contact bounce, such as contact wear, excessive heating, contact welding, etc. The addition of a control unit, however, brings increased costs both in the development and production of this new generation of contactors. Considering this, a cost-effective microcontroller-based electronic control module is proposed. Some fundamental equations are reviewed, and the most important aspects of the control algorithms employed are discussed. Finally, experimental results are presented. Drive Control
55.2.44	Rong-Jong Wai, Jeng-Dao Lee, "Comparison of Voltage-Source Resonant Driving Schemes for a Linear Piezoelectric Ceramic Motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 871-879, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Linear piezoelectric actuators are innovative manipulators that have shown a high potential in applications requiring operation within the submicrometer or even the nanometer range. The driving principle of a linear piezoelectric ceramic motor (LPCM) is based on the ultrasonic vibration force of piezoelectric ceramic elements and mechanical frictional force. Therefore, its dynamic model is complex, and the motor parameters are time varying due to increasing temperature and changing motor drive operating conditions, so that it is difficult to design a suitable driving strategy for the LPCM. This paper presents a comparative study of three voltage-source resonant driving schemes, including an inductance-capacitance (LC) resonant inverter, an .LLCC-resonant inverter, and an LC-resonant inverter with energy feedback for the LPCM. The effectiveness of the reported driving strategies is verified by numerical analyses and experimental results under the variation of loads. By way of experimental validation, the newly designed -LC-resonant inverter with energy feedback for driving the LPCM possesses good performances of high voltage gain and invariant output characteristic under different operating conditions. Signal Processing and Control
55.2.45	L. Coppola, Qian Liu, S. Buso, D. Boroyevich, A. Bell, "Wavelet Transform as an Alternative to the Short-Time Fourier Transform for the Study of Conducted Noise in Power Electronics," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 880-887, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper compares the characteristics of the classic and short time Fourier transform with the continuous wavelet transform. The wavelet transform perfectly suits the considered application, the study of the time evolution of frequency spectra in switched mode power supplies, which operate with significant transients. The analysis made with wavelets offers a means to better understand the generation and propagation of conducted noise from the noise source, the switching devices, to the point where the noise is actually measured, the line impedance stabilization network.
55.2.46	Heng Deng, R. Oruganti, D. Srinivasan, "A Simple Control Method for High-Performance UPS Inverters Through Output-Impedance Reduction," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 888-898, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The purpose of a voltage controller for uninterruptible-power-supply inverters is to produce stable output voltage with low distortion under all loading conditions, particularly under nonlinear loads and load transients. Since the output impedance of the inverter is the source for tracking error caused by load current, this paper proposes a simple digital feedback controller that focuses on reducing the output impedance of inverters by a feedback of the load current. The proposed control strategy ensures high-quality steady-state and dynamic responses from the inverter system. The design of the proposed digital controller is simple and requires only a reasonably accurate knowledge of the output L-C filter parameters. In addition, only the output voltage and the load current are sensed if the dc link voltage is constant. The results of simulations and experiments show that the proposed controller can achieve very low total harmonic distortion and fast dynamic response under varied loads including nonlinear loads with low switching frequency.
55.2.47	Heng Deng, R. Oruganti, D. Srinivasan, "Neural Controller for UPS Inverters Based on B-Spline Network," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 899-909, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper proposes a controller for uninterruptible power supply inverters based on a particular type of online-trained neural network, which is called the B-spline network (BSN). Due to its linear nature and local weight updating, the BSN controller is more suitable for real-time implementation than conventional multilayer feedforward neural controllers. Based on a frequency-domain stability analysis, a design methodology for determining the two main parameters of the BSN are presented. The model is found to be similar to that of an iterative learning control (ILC) scheme. However, unlike ILC, which requires a complex digital filter design that involves both causal and noncausal parts, the design procedure of the proposed BSN controller is straightforward and simple. Experimental results under various conditions show that the proposed controller can achieve excellent performance, comparable to that of a high-performance ILC scheme developed earlier. The proposed controller is an attractive alternative to both the multilayer feedforward neural controller and iterative learning controller in this and similar applications.
55.2.48	J. Luukko, K. Rauma, "Open-Loop Adaptive Filter for Power Electronics Applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 910-917, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An open-loop adaptive filter, which can be used in various power electronics control systems, is presented. The purpose of the filter is to give as fast a step response as possible while retaining good noise canceling properties. The proposed filter consists of a first-order infinite-impulse-response filter, the coefficients of which are adapted according to the changes in the input signal. In particular, good performance is obtained if the filter must suppress a low-frequency narrow-band noise. The performance of the filter is verified through step response simulations and with a laboratory prototype of a welding machine. The control system of the prototype is implemented on a field-programmable gate array. The proposed filter is compared to two optimum linear filters: (1) the moving average filter and (2) a filter whose step response and white noise gain are both optimized. The step response simulations show that, with the proposed filter, the step response time can be considerably decreased compared to these filters. The prototype also shows that, when using the proposed filter, the step response of the welding current can be made better than that of the original analog control.
55.2.49	LiMin Zhu, Han Ding, XiangYang Zhu, "Extraction of Periodic Signal Without External Reference by Time-Domain Average Scanning," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 918-927, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A novel signal-analysis technique that is capable of extracting periodic signals from noisy discrete-time observations without an additional external reference is presented. It is based on a derived formulation estimating the maximally allowable synchronous error for a given attenuation threshold after the time-domain averaging. First, a continuous signal is reconstructed from the discrete samples by using cubic-spline interpolation. Second, the region that the signal fundamental frequency may lie in is finely discretized, resulting in a number of candidates of the fundamental-frequency estimate. Third, for each candidate, the continuous signal is synchronously sampled, and the resultant discrete sequence is processed with the time-domain average. Such an operation of repeated sampling and averaging is referred to as scanning. Finally, the obtained series of average waveforms and their amplitude spectra are depicted as two gray images to visualize the computational results, and the waveforms and spectra of interest are picked out for further analysis. Examples are given to confirm the validity of the approach to diagnose machine faults under complicated conditions. Embedded Systems
55.2.50	I. Baturone, F.J. Moreno-Velo, V. Blanco, J. Ferruz, "Design of Embedded DSP-Based Fuzzy Controllers for Autonomous Mobile Robots," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 928-936, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Fuzzy controllers are used in many applications because of their rapid design by translating heuristic knowledge, robustness against perturbations, and smoothness in the control action. However, they require parallel processing and special operators (such as fuzzification or defuzzification) which are not available in standard digital signal processors (DSPs), thus complicating their direct implementation. This paper describes an efficient design methodology that allows starting with any kind of fuzzy controller and subsequently transforming it until a system suitable for easy DSP implementation is obtained. Such methodology is greatly aided by the design environment Xfuzzy 3. The parking problem of an autonomous robot is described to illustrate the steps of this methodology. Real experiments with the autonomous robot ROMEO 4R demonstrate efficiency of the designed fuzzy controller embedded into a stand-alone card based on a fixed-point DSP from Texas Instruments. Emerging Technology
55.2.51	Hing Kai Chan, "A Low-Cost Integrated Approach for Balancing an Array of Piezoresistive Sensors for Mass Production Applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 937-940, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Offset error is inherently present in piezoresistive sensors. This is caused by a heterogeneous excitation response and static resistance of different sensing elements. Such an error makes applications with multiple sensors difficult because a proper calibration or normalization scheme is desired. A low-cost integrated approach which can provide a closed form mathematical solution for normalizing an array of piezoresistive sensors is presented in this paper. The proposed solution just needs a few external resistors and hence is most suitable for mass commercial applications. Necessary and sufficient conditions to derive the solution are considered. This technique could be used offline so that the sensors array could be used directly after going through the normalization procedures.
55.2.52	Yongtao Han, Yan-Fei Liu, "A Practical Transformer Core Loss Measurement Scheme for High-Frequency Power Converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 941-948, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A practical method to measure transformer core loss in a high-frequency switching mode power converter is proposed. The method is also applicable when the transformer has dc bias in the magnetizing current. Practical issues to minimize the measurement error are discussed. The measurement results are very close to simulation results obtained from a time-domain finite element analysis solver. Detailed error analysis for the proposed method provides useful guidelines on transformer core loss measurement for switching mode power supplies.
55.2.53	Hung-I Hsieh, Jhong-Shu Li, Dan Chen, "Effects of X Capacitors on EMI Filter Effectiveness," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 949-955, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The suppression mechanism of the differential-mode noise of an X capacitor in offline power supplies is, for the first time, attributed to two distinct concepts: 1) impedance mismatch (regarding a line impedance stabilization network or mains and the equivalent power supply noise source impedance) and 2) C(dv/dt) noise current balancing (to suppress mix-mode noise). The effectiveness of X capacitors is investigated with this theory, along with experimental supports. Understanding of the two aforementioned mechanisms gives better insight into filter effectiveness, which may lead to a more compact filter design. Letters to the Editor
55.2.54	X. del Toro Garcia, A. Arias, M.G. Jayne, P.A. Witting, "Direct Torque Control of Induction Motors Utilizing Three-Level Voltage Source Inverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 956-958, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new control strategy for induction motors based on direct torque control is presented which employs a three-level inverter instead of the standard two-level inverter. The controller is designed to achieve a torque ripple reduction by taking advantage of the increase in the number of inverter states available in a three-level inverter. The harmonic distortion in the stator currents and the switching frequency of the semiconductor devices are also reduced in the new control system presented.
55.2.55	JiCheng Liu, JianHong Yao, "Wireless RF Identification System Based on SAW," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 958-961, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The passive RF identification system is discussed in this paper. The system uses the surface acoustic wave (SAW) as an identification tag and works at ISM-915 MHz. The system adopts a pair of passive dispersive SAW filters for pulse expansion and compression in order to improve antijamming performance and degrade the severe requirement for sensitivity of a wideband receiver. Then, the structure of the SAW tag, the principle of transmitter and receiver, and the DSP subsystem are discussed. Finally, testing results are demonstrated.
55.2.56	Yu-Kang Lo, Jian-Min Wang, Kai-Jen Pai, "Improved Commutation Method for a Full-Bridge Current-Source Inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 961-963, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new commutation method for a full-bridge current-source inverter is presented. Three intermediate steps are inserted during the commutation to provide conducting paths for the load current. The step change of the load current and the resulting voltage spike are reduced. Experimental results which conform to the theoretical analysis are presented.
55.2.57	Yu-Kang Lo, Shang-Chin Yen, Chung-Yi Lin, "A High-Efficiency AC-to-DC Adaptor With a Low Standby Power Consumption," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 963-965, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A two-stage burst mode control scheme for an AC-to-DC adaptor is proposed in this paper. An upper limit for the output voltage is set to turn off both AC/DC and DC/DC controllers at no load. The burst-mode operations of the DC/DC and the AC/DC converters are in turn enabled when reaching the lower limit of the output voltage. Load analysis at standby mode is performed. A 50-mW no-load power loss is observed on an 80 W/12 V prototype adaptor.
55.2.58	N.J. Medrano-Marques, G. Zatorre-Navarro, S. Celma-Pueyo, "A Tunable Analog Conditioning Circuit Applied to Magnetoresistive Sensors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 966-969, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents an adaptive processing system based on analog-digital circuits to extend the linear range of angular position sensors compensating the temperature-dependent drift. System-level simulations give a sensor output improvement higher than 70%, which drastically reduces deviations due to temperature. The building block architecture characteristics make these circuits suitable for implementing the ldquosmartnessrdquo part of smart sensors in embedded systems.
55.2.59	Chien-Ming Wang, "A Novel Single-Stage High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast With Symmetrical Half-Bridge Topology," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 969-972, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper proposes a novel single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast with symmetrical half-bridge topology for fluorescent lamps. The proposed electronic ballast only uses a symmetrical half-bridge topology to procure the functions of a boost power-factor-correction converter and a half-bridge series parallel-loaded inverter. In spite of its simplicity, an excellent performance concerning load and supply is achieved, ensuring a sinusoidal and in-phase supply current. The conventional electronic ballast circuit has larger conduction losses because its power-factor-correction (PFC) power flow path circuit always includes two diode losses from the front-end bridge rectifier and one power switch loss. The PFC power flow path of the proposed circuit has only two conduction drops in the current flow paths. Therefore, it can provide lower conduction loss compared to the conventional one. A prototype circuit designed for a 40-W fluorescent lamp operating at 50-kHz switching frequency and 110-V line voltage is built and tested to verify the analytical predictions.
55.2.60	Chia-Yu Yao, Chin-Chih Yeh, "An Application of the Second-Order Passive Lead–Lag Loop Filter for Analog PLLs to the Third-Order Charge-Pump PLLs," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 972-974, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A second-order passive lead-lag loop filter for analog phase-locked loop (PLLs) is modified in this paper for the third-order charge-pump PLLs (CPPLLs). The analysis shows that the CPPLL employing the modified loop filter results in smaller area, lower power consumption, or better noise performance than the CPPLL employing the conventional loop filter.
55.2.61	"Call for papers-application and control of doubly fed induction machines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 975-975, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.2.62	"Explore IEL IEEE's most comprehensive resource," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 976-976, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.2.63	"IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. C3-C3, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.2.64	"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics information for authors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. C4-C4, Feb 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available