IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 55, Number 12, Dec 2008 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

55.12.1	"Table of Contents," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. C1-4105, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.12.2	"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics publication information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. C2-C2, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available Special Section on Advances In Electrical Machine Monitoring and Diagnosis
55.12.3	A. Bellini, F. Filippetti, "Guest Editorial," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4106-4108, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available Special Section Papers
55.12.4	A. Bellini, F. Filippetti, C. Tassoni, G.-A. Capolino, "Advances in Diagnostic Techniques for Induction Machines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4109-4126, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper investigates diagnostic techniques for electrical machines with special reference to induction machines and to papers published in the last ten years. A comprehensive list of references is reported and examined, and research activities classified into four main topics: 1) electrical faults; 2) mechanical faults; 3) signal processing for analysis and monitoring; and 4) artificial intelligence and decision-making techniques.
55.12.5	S. Grubic, J. M. Aller, B. Lu, T. G. Habetler, "A Survey on Testing and Monitoring Methods for Stator Insulation Systems of Low-Voltage Induction Machines Focusing on Turn Insulation Problems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4127-4136, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A breakdown of the electrical insulation system causes catastrophic failure of the electrical machine and brings large process downtime losses. To determine the conditions of the stator insulation system of motor drive systems, various testing and monitoring methods have been developed. This paper presents an in-depth literature review of testing and monitoring methods, categorizing them into online and offline methods, each of which is further grouped into specific areas according to their physical nature. The main focus of this paper is on testing and monitoring techniques that diagnose the condition of the turn-to-turn insulation of low-voltage machines, which is a rapidly expanding area for both research and product development efforts. In order to give a compact overview, the results are summarized in two tables. In addition to monitoring methods on turn-to-turn insulation, some of the most common methods to assess the stator's phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase insulation conditions are included in the tables as well.
55.12.6	C. Bruzzese, "Analysis and Application of Particular Current Signatures (Symptoms) for Cage Monitoring in Nonsinusoidally Fed Motors With High Rejection to Drive Load, Inertia, and Frequency Variations," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4137-4155, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, some original and effective fault indicators for broken-bar detection in power squirrel-cage induction motors are presented. A motor phase-current signature analysis can be performed by evaluating the typical ratios $I_{(7 - 2s)f}/I_{5f}$ and $I_{(5 + 2s)f}/I_{7f}$, $I_{(13 - 2s)f}/I_{11f}$ and $I_{(11 + 2s)f}/I_{13f}$, etc., which appear in the phase-current spectrum of faulted motors fed by nonsinusoidal voltage sources. The main advantages of the new indicators are the following: 1) accentuate insensitivity to disturbs such as load torque, drive inertia, and frequency variations; 2) low dependence with respect to machine parameters (except the pole number); and 3) linear dependence on fault gravity. They can be directly applied on motors fed by open-loop low-switching frequency gate turn-off/thyristor converters. Railway traction drives are possible targets. Application to mains-fed motors can be tried too, if suitable harmonics are present in the plant supply. A detailed analytical formulation for fault indicators is furnished, based on the multiphase symmetrical component theory; theoretical results have been supported by experimental work, performed by using a motor with an appositely prepared cage, and successively, method validation was achieved on three other industrial motors.
55.12.7	C. Concari, G. Franceschini, C. Tassoni, "Differential Diagnosis Based on Multivariable Monitoring to Assess Induction Machine Rotor Conditions," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4156-4166, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Multivariable supervision systems for online monitoring of induction motors allow large versatility and diagnosis robustness. As regards rotor faults, the diagnostic procedure based on sideband current components may fail due to the presence of interbar currents that reduce the degree of rotor asymmetry and, thus, the amplitude of these spectral components. On the other hand, the interbar currents produce core vibrations in the axial direction; these vibrations can be detected using a suitable vibration sensor. In this paper, a differential fault analysis based on traditional motor current signature analysis (MCSA) and on radial and axial vibration monitoring is proposed to discern cases in which the presence of interbar currents decreases the sensitivity of MCSA. The features of stator currents and of radial and axial core vibration signals are investigated in order to increase the reliability of the diagnostic system. Moreover, to explore the possibility of obtaining further information, stray flux signals are taken into account.
55.12.8	M. Riera-Guasp, J. A. Antonino-Daviu, M. Pineda-Sanchez, R. Puche-Panadero, J. Perez-Cruz, "A General Approach for the Transient Detection of Slip-Dependent Fault Components Based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4167-4180, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, a general methodology based on the application of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to the diagnosis of the cage motor condition using transient stator currents is exposed. The approach is based on the identification of characteristic patterns introduced by fault components in the wavelet signals obtained from the DWT of transient stator currents. These patterns enable a reliable detection of the corresponding fault as well as a clear interpretation of the physical phenomenon taking place in the machine. The proposed approach is applied to the detection of rotor asymmetries in two alternative ways, i.e., by using the startup current and by using the current during plugging stopping. Mixed eccentricities are also detected by means of the transient-based methodology. This paper shows how the evolution of other non-fault-related components such as the principal slot harmonic (PSH) can be extracted with the proposed technique. A compilation of experimental cases regarding the application of the methodology to the previous cases is presented. Guidelines for the easy application of the methodology by any user are also provided under a didactic perspective.
55.12.9	F. Briz, M. W. Degner, P. Garcia, A. B. Diez, "High-Frequency Carrier-Signal Voltage Selection for Stator Winding Fault Diagnosis in Inverter-Fed AC Machines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4181-4190, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The diagnosis of stator winding faults in inverter-fed ac machines using an injected high-frequency carrier-signal voltage is analyzed in this paper. Measurement of the resulting carrier signals (either the negative-sequence carrier-signal current or the zero-sequence components) is used to detect turn faults at an incipient stage. The carrier frequency and magnitude are shown to have significant impact on the performance of the method, with the criteria for their selection being presented. The proposed technique shows low sensitivity to the working condition of the machine, i.e., torque level, flux levels, and fundamental excitation frequency.
55.12.10	E. G. Strangas, S. Aviyente, S. S. H. Zaidi, "Time–Frequency Analysis for Efficient Fault Diagnosis and Failure Prognosis for Interior Permanent-Magnet AC Motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4191-4199, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The detection of noncatastrophic faults in conjunction with other factors can be used to determine the remaining life of an electric drive. As the frequency and severity of these faults increase, the working life of the drive decreases, leading to eventual failure. In this paper, four methods to identify developing electrical faults are presented and compared. They are based on the short-time Fourier transform, undecimated-wavelet analysis, and Wigner and Choi–Williams distributions of the field-oriented currents in permanent-magnet ac drives. The different fault types are classified using the linear-discriminant classifier and $k$-means classification. The comparison between the different methods is based on the number of correct classifications and Fisher's discriminant ratio. Multiple-class discrimination analysis is also introduced to remove redundant information and minimize storage requirements.
55.12.11	A. Bellini, A. Yazidi, F. Filippetti, C. Rossi, G.-A. Capolino, "High Frequency Resolution Techniques for Rotor Fault Detection of Induction Machines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4200-4209, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) is the reference method for the diagnosis of medium–large machines in industrial applications. However, MCSA is still an open research topic, as some signatures may be created by different phenomena, wherein it may become sensitive to load and inertia variations, and with respect to an oscillating load torque, although suitable data normalization can be applied. Recently, the topic of diagnostic techniques for drives and low to medium size machines is becoming attractive, as the procedure can be embedded in the drive at no additional thanks to a dedicated firmware, provided that a suitable computational cost is available. In this paper, statistical time-domain techniques are used to track grid frequency and machine slip. In this way, either a lower computational cost or a higher accuracy than traditional discrete Fourier transform techniques can be obtained. Then, the knowledge of both grid frequency and machine slip is used to tune the parameters of the zoom fast Fourier transform algorithm that either increases the frequency resolution, keeping constant the computational cost, or reduces the computational cost, keeping constant the frequency resolution. The proposed technique is validated for rotor faults.
55.12.12	Z. Sun, J. Wang, D. Howe, G. Jewell, "Analytical Prediction of the Short-Circuit Current in Fault-Tolerant Permanent-Magnet Machines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4210-4217, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper describes an analytical technique that can be utilized to predict the short-circuit current in a fault-tolerant permanent-magnet machine under partial-turn short-circuit fault conditions. It has been shown that the current in partially short-circuited turns is dependent on their relative position in the slot where the phase winding is accommodated, and the slot-leakage flux associated with these turns has a significant influence on the short-circuit current when a remedial action has been applied. An analytical model that quantifies the variation of the slot-leakage flux as a function of the relative position of partially short-circuited turns has been developed. Both finite-element analysis and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique for predicting the short-circuit current.
55.12.13	S. M. A. Cruz, A. Stefani, F. Filippetti, A. J. M. Cardoso, "A New Model-Based Technique for the Diagnosis of Rotor Faults in RFOC Induction Motor Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4218-4228, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper proposes a new model-based diagnostic technique, which is the so-called virtual current technique (VCT), for the diagnosis of rotor faults in direct rotor field oriented controlled (DRFOC) induction motor drives. By measuring the oscillations at twice the slip frequency found in the rotor flux of the machine, and by conjugating this information with the knowledge of some motor parameters, as well as the parameters of the flux and current controllers, it is possible to generate a virtual magnetizing current which, after normalization, allows the detection and quantification of the extension of the fault. The proposed method allows one to overcome the major difficulties usually found in the diagnosis of rotor faults in closed-loop drives by providing information about the condition of the machine in a way that is independent of the working conditions of the drive such as the load level, reference speed, and bandwidth of the control loops. Although the VCT was primarily developed for traction drives used in railway applications, it can be incorporated in any DRFOC drive at almost no additional cost. Several simulation results, obtained with different types of DRFOC drives, as well as experimental results obtained in the laboratory, demonstrate the effectiveness of this new diagnostic approach.
55.12.14	C. Kral, F. Pirker, G. Pascoli, H. Kapeller, "Robust Rotor Fault Detection by Means of the Vienna Monitoring Method and a Parameter Tracking Technique," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4229-4237, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The Vienna Monitoring Method (VMM) is a model-based rotor fault detection method that utilizes the voltage and current models for the computation of a fault indicator. So far, the VMM was investigated with fixed rotor parameters only. In this paper, the parameters of the current model are provided by a parameter tracking technique. For this advanced rotor fault detection method, measurement results are presented for steady-state and varying load torque operations.
55.12.15	R. N. Andriamalala, H. Razik, L. Baghli, F.-M. Sargos, "Eccentricity Fault Diagnosis of a Dual-Stator Winding Induction Machine Drive Considering the Slotting Effects," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4238-4251, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: To point out the effects of eccentricity within a dual-stator winding induction machine, one needs to detect the high frequency corresponding to the interaction of both eccentricity and slotting effects. In this paper, a model of this kind of machine, whose rotor is mixed–eccentric, has been suggested. One considers slotting effects. This induction machine has two sets of stator three-phase windings electrically shifted by an angle $alpha$. This model will be used to analyze the impact of the defect on the machine. It will be seen that the analytical expression of inductances can be directly exploited to predict the eccentricity-related frequencies. First, the impact of the defect will be investigated under an open-loop condition, i.e., the motor will be supplied by the volt-per-hertz control mode. Second, the motors will be supplied by using the indirect rotor field-oriented control. One will see the fault propagation on the control variables, which can be used as a tool for diagnosis under closed-loop conditions. Comparisons between simulation and experimental results will be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of this experiment.
55.12.16	A. Ibrahim, M. El Badaoui, F. Guillet, F. Bonnardot, "A New Bearing Fault Detection Method in Induction Machines Based on Instantaneous Power Factor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4252-4259, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Fault detection and diagnosis of asynchronous machine has become a central problem in industry over the past decade. A solution to tackle this problem is to use stator current for a condition monitoring, referred to as motor current signature analysis. This paper argues that bearing faults would have a negligible effect on motor currents and instead argues that the more likely reason why the faults can be detected in currents is because they entail a fluctuating resistive torque which acts immediately, in contrast to the radial displacement which takes time to integrate to a perceptible displacement even in response to a step change in velocity. In this context, we propose a new method for detecting bearing defects based on the exploitation of the instantaneous power factor that varies according to torque oscillations. Experimental results show the good performances of the proposed method which will be compared with the instantaneous power method to highlight the feasibility and advantages of this method.
55.12.17	W. Zhou, T. G. Habetler, R. G. Harley, "Bearing Fault Detection Via Stator Current Noise Cancellation and Statistical Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4260-4269, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper proposes a new approach to detect in situ bearing faults via stator current monitoring. For in situ bearing faults, the characteristic bearing fault frequencies may not exist, particularly at an early stage. In addition, the bearing fault signatures are usually subtle compared to the dominant components in the sampled stator current. Therefore, in this paper, a noise cancellation technique is used to suppress those dominant components that are not related to a potential bearing fault. The remaining components, i.e., the noise-cancelled stator current, are then closely related to the health condition of the bearing. Furthermore, it is observed that under the presence of a bearing fault, the noise-cancelled stator current displays a significant amount of degrees of uncontrolled variation in its magnitude. The uncontrolled variation is detected by observing the samples falling outside the three-sigma limits on Shewhart's control charts. Therefore, it is possible to detect in situ bearing faults by detecting the variation in magnitude of the noise-cancelled stator current, as verified by online experiments performed in this paper.
55.12.18	H. Zoubek, S. Villwock, M. Pacas, "Frequency Response Analysis for Rolling-Bearing Damage Diagnosis," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4270-4276, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper deals with a new diagnosis method for detecting bearing faults (BFs) based on frequency response analysis. For non-rigid multi-mass systems with dominant mechanical resonance frequencies, the frequency response has to be calculated during the commissioning of the plant for reasons of safety and controlling. This task can be achieved by measuring two control variables of the drive which are both affected by BFs. This paper proposes that the measurement of the frequency response is a suitable strategy for detecting incipient BFs. In doing so, a two-channel analysis method for bearing damage diagnosis without additional sensors is developed. Deviations from the frequency response of the healthy state serve as indicators for a present BF. As the measurement of the two signals can be carried out during normal operation of the plant, online BF diagnosis is achieved. For the investigated two-inertia system, single-point bearing defects on the inner and outer raceways of rolling bearings and generalized roughness faults are within the scope of this paper.
55.12.19	M. B. K. Bouzid, G. Champenois, N. M. Bellaaj, L. Signac, K. Jelassi, "An Effective Neural Approach for the Automatic Location of Stator Interturn Faults in Induction Motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4277-4289, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a neural approach to detect and locate automatically an interturn short-circuit fault in the stator windings of the induction machine. The fault detection and location are achieved by a feedforward multilayer-perceptron neural network (NN) trained by back propagation. The location process is based on monitoring the three-phase shifts between the line current and the phase voltage of the machine. The required data for training and testing the NN are experimentally generated from a three-phase induction motor with different interturn short-circuit faults. Simulation, as well as experimental, results are presented in this paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the used method.
55.12.20	A. Lebaroud, G. Clerc, "Classification of Induction Machine Faults by Optimal Time–Frequency Representations," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4290-4298, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a new diagnosis method of induction motor faults based on time–frequency classification of the current waveforms. This method is based on a representation space, a selection criterion, and a decision criterion. In order to define the representation space, an optimized time–frequency representation (TFR) is designed from the time–frequency ambiguity plane. The selection criterion is based on Fisher's discriminant ratio, which allows one to maximize the separability between classes representing different faults. A distinct TFR is designed for each class. The following two classifiers were used for decision criteria: the Mahalanobis distance and the hidden Markov model. The flexibility of this method allows an accurate classification independent from the level of load. This method is validated on a 5.5-kW induction motor test bench.
55.12.21	S. Karimi, A. Gaillard, P. Poure, S. Saadate, "FPGA-Based Real-Time Power Converter Failure Diagnosis for Wind Energy Conversion Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4299-4308, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper discusses the design, implementation, experimental validation, and performances of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time power converter failure diagnosis for three-leg fault tolerant converter topologies used in wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). The developed approach minimizes the time interval between the fault occurrence and its diagnosis. We demonstrated the possibility to detect a faulty switch in less than 10 $muhbox{s}$ by using a diagnosis simultaneously based on a “time criterion” and a “voltage criterion.” To attain such a short detection time, an FPGA fully digital implementation is used. The performances of the proposed FPGA-based fault detection method are evaluated for a new fault tolerant back-to-back converter topology suited for WECS with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). We examine the failure diagnosis method and the response of the WECS when one of the power switches of the fault tolerant back-to-back converter is faulty. The experimental failure diagnosis implementation based on “FPGA in the loop” hardware prototyping verifies the performances of the fault tolerant WECS with DFIG. Special Section on Predictive Control In Power Electronics and Drives
55.12.22	R. M. Kennel, M. P. Kazmierkowski, J. Rodriguez Perez, "Guest Editorial," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4309-4311, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available Special Section Papers
55.12.23	P. Cortes, M. P. Kazmierkowski, R. M. Kennel, D. E. Quevedo, J. Rodriguez, "Predictive Control in Power Electronics and Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4312-4324, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Predictive control is a very wide class of controllers that have found rather recent application in the control of power converters. Research on this topic has been increased in the last years due to the possibilities of today's microprocessors used for the control. This paper presents the application of different predictive control methods to power electronics and drives. A simple classification of the most important types of predictive control is introduced, and each one of them is explained including some application examples. Predictive control presents several advantages that make it suitable for the control of power converters and drives. The different control schemes and applications presented in this paper illustrate the effectiveness and flexibility of predictive control.
55.12.24	D. J. Cook, M. Catucci, P. W. Wheeler, J. C. Clare, J. S. Przybyla, B. R. Richardson, "Development of a Predictive Controller for Use on a Direct Converter for High-Energy Physics Applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4325-4334, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Recently, considerable interest has been shown in direct (matrix) converter topologies as an alternative to conventional motor drives. In general, when compared with existing three-phase motor drives (rectifier–inverter types), these topologies offer advantages, such as reduced space and weight (due largely to the removal of the large electrolytic capacitor), four-quadrant operation, and high-quality current waveforms. Consequently, there is now considerable interest regarding direct converters in areas such as aerospace, where issues such as the size and weight of the converter are important. The work presented in this paper capitalizes on these advantages in power conversion for high-power radio-frequency supplies, such as those used in high-energy physics research and associated applications.
55.12.25	M. S. Carmeli, F. Castelli-Dezza, G. Superti-Furga, "Master–Slave Predictive Current-Tracking Approach in Multiswitching Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4335-4345, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper deals with an innovative approach to control multiswitching converters. The proposed modulation strategy directly controls the external current. Once the switching action is decided by a master routine, the choice of which leg has to be effectively switched is demanded to a separate slave routine. An acceleration algorithm and a maximum leg current protection are also considered. Under the proposed approach, the system bandwidth is related to the global switching frequency equal to the valve frequency multiplied by the number of valves. Consequently, both system dynamics and accuracy over external current are greatly improved. An unconventional predictive current-tracking technique, characterized by constant overall switching frequency and high dynamic performances, is discussed for a single switching element and extended to multiswitching systems. Details of the proposed control, simulation, and experimental results are reported.
55.12.26	J. Weigold, M. Braun, "Predictive Current Control Using Identification of Current Ripple," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4346-4353, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a new time-discrete predictive current control for permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) which follows a reference step in two sampling periods. The control stands out by using a permanent identification which allows fast control even if the motor parameters are changing. The identification analyzes the current response of each switch state of the voltage source inverter. This kind of identification works without any test signals. The proposed new predictive current control will be described in detail. The simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed controller, compared to proportional integral control and dead-beat control in the rotor synchronous frame. Furthermore, the new control strategy will be verified in experiments. The control hardware only needs a field-programmable gate array and analog-to-digital converters. To verify the control, a prototype 14 kW PMSM servo-drive system is used.
55.12.27	M. A. Perez, P. Cortes, J. Rodriguez, "Predictive Control Algorithm Technique for Multilevel Asymmetric Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4354-4361, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Predictive control algorithms have been proposed for power electronic converters, featuring a high performance in terms of dynamic behavior. This is true due mainly to the accurate modeling and the finite set of inputs or possible switching combinations. However, when it is used in multilevel converters, the dynamic performance is degraded, because the optimization algorithm needs to evaluate and search over a large number of possible switching combinations. In this paper, a predictive control algorithm, which exhibits high dynamic performance for multilevel converters, is proposed. The algorithm reduces the complexity of calculations and the number of possible combinations, allowing the use of predictive control with a large number of switching states. Experimental results on a 27-level asymmetric multicell converter, which validate the proposed algorithm, are presented.
55.12.28	R. Vargas, J. Rodriguez, U. Ammann, P. W. Wheeler, "Predictive Current Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Matrix Converter With Reactive Power Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4362-4371, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A different approach to perform the control of an induction machine fed by a matrix converter (MC) is presented in this paper. The proposed technique is based on predictive control and effectively controls input and output variables to the power converter, as expected from an MC. The method allows the use of all valid switching states, including rotating vectors that are not considered in most control techniques, as space vector modulation or direct torque control for induction machines fed by MCs. Experimental results show the excellent performance of the proposed approach, with low-distortion input currents, adjustable power factor, sinusoidal output currents with smooth frequency transitions, and good speed control in motoring and regeneration conditions, even working under an unbalanced power supply. The implementation and comprehension of the method should be considered simple compared to other control strategies with similar features. The high computational effort required should not be a problem considering recent progresses in digital signal processors—and even less in years to come.
55.12.29	R. Vargas, U. Ammann, J. Rodriguez, J. Pontt, "Predictive Strategy to Control Common-Mode Voltage in Loads Fed by Matrix Converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4372-4380, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Common-mode voltages (CMVs) cause overvoltage stress to the winding insulation and bearings deterioration, reducing the lifetime of electric machines. This paper presents a predictive strategy that effectively mitigates CMVs from matrix converters (MCs), without affecting its functionality and allowing the use of rotating vectors. The method was experimentally tested on an MC feeding an induction machine, mitigating CMVs in 70% and reducing abrupt changes. The reduction is achieved with no tradeoff on the performance of the drive until reaching 40%, point where further reduction comes with an increase on the total harmonic distortion of line side currents. The designer can adjust the method in order to protect the ac machine, extending its lifetime and reducing negative effects of CMVs, and still comply with the standard for connection to the grid due to the flexibility allowed by the proposed strategy.
55.12.30	P. Antoniewicz, M. P. Kazmierkowski, "Virtual-Flux-Based Predictive Direct Power Control of AC/DC Converters With Online Inductance Estimation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4381-4390, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents an improved predictive direct power control (P-DPC) algorithm for grid-connected three-phase voltage source converters without ac-side voltage sensors. The new algorithm is based on virtual-flux (VF) estimation and operates with constant switching frequency. Predictive controller selects in every sampling period appropriate voltage vector sequence and calculates duty cycles in order to minimize instantaneous active and reactive power errors. The theoretical principles of this algorithm are discussed, and selected experimental measurements and scope graphs that illustrate the operation and performance of the system are presented. It is shown that VF-P-DPC algorithm exhibits several advantages, particularly sinusoidal-grid-current low harmonic distortion even when grid voltage is distorted. In addition, the algorithm provides high dynamics at low switching frequency of 2 kHz.
55.12.31	Y. Fang, Y. Xing, "Design and Analysis of Three-Phase Reversible High-Power-Factor Correction Based on Predictive Current Controller," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4391-4397, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A predictive current control for three-phase PWM rectifiers is proposed to simplify the design of the current loop with less memory and interrupt resource occupation in a digital signal processor. Together with the decomposition-matrix method, the total algorithm can be completed with only one timer and its underflow interrupt subroutine. The predictive current controller helps to design the voltage regulator and make the input currents track the input voltages so well that high power factor is achieved. Finally, the experimental results are given to verify the proposed predictive current control.
55.12.32	E. S. de Santana, E. Bim, W. C. do Amaral, "A Predictive Algorithm for Controlling Speed and Rotor Flux of Induction Motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4398-4407, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A model-based predictive control of rotor flux and speed of a vector-controlled induction motor (IM) is presented. A state-space approach is employed for modeling a rotor-flux-oriented IM. The control law is derived by optimization of an objective function that considers the control effort and the difference between the predicted outputs (speed and rotor flux) and the specific references, with predicted outputs calculated using a linearized state-space model. The rotor flux and speed are estimated by using an extended Kalman filter. In this model, the load inertia is unknown, and the external load torque is considered to be a disturbance. Its amplitude is computed with the electromechanical equation or estimated by the Kalman filter. Simulated and experimental results show the good performance of this strategy.
55.12.33	R. Morales-Caporal, M. Pacas, "Encoderless Predictive Direct Torque Control for Synchronous Reluctance Machines at Very Low and Zero Speed," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4408-4416, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: As an enhancement of a predictive direct torque control (PDTC) scheme for synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs), an encoderless PDTC scheme that is able to operate at very low and zero speeds is introduced in this paper. At very low speeds, the angular position of the rotor can be estimated by injecting test voltage signals (TVSs) to detect the spatial orientations of existing position-dependent rotor anisotropies. The TVS produces transient stator current changes, so that stator current derivatives can be estimated in a digital way. In a SynRM, the stator current derivatives contain useful information that can be used to estimate the angular position of the rotor. The obtained information is processed by means of a quadrature phase-locked loop observer to extract the angular position of the rotor without detriments in phase and frequency. Following this strategy, no extra hardware, special current transducers, or connections are needed in comparison with a standard drive with an encoder. Based on the proposed strategy, an encoderless PDTC scheme for SynRMs is implemented. Experimental results using a digital signal processor and a field-programmable gate array embedded in the same board verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
55.12.34	G. Abad, M. A. Rodriguez, J. Poza, "Three-Level NPC Converter-Based Predictive Direct Power Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Low Constant Switching Frequency," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4417-4429, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a new application of the predictive direct power control (P-DPC) for the doubly fed induction machine. The P-DPC deals with several main characteristics which makes it very suitable for high power-medium voltage generation systems where total harmonic distortion of the generating power is relevant: a three-level NPC converter presenting low and constant switching frequency feeds the rotor by means of an intermediate inductive filter. The developed P-DPC takes into account the inductive filter in the prediction stage as a part of the plant model, deals with the different sectors and regions of converter available voltage vectors and the balancing of the bus capacitors voltages. This way, it creates a sequence of $3 + 3$ vectors that generates an active and reactive power trajectory which minimizes the next sample time predicted error. In addition, the P-DPC is specially designed to maintain the real-time implementation structure and simplicity of the “classic” direct control strategies. Experimental results in a 15-kW test bench for the overall speed and power range are shown including synchronous speed, demonstrating that it is an attractive alternative to the conventional field-oriented control techniques.
55.12.35	"2008 Index IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics Vol. 55," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4430-4488, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.12.36	"IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. C3-C3, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
55.12.37	"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics information for authors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. C4-C4, Dec 2008. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available