IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 54, Number 6, Dec 2007 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

Special Section Papers

54.6.1	"Table of Contents," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. C1-2926, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
54.6.2	"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics publication information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. C2-C2, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
54.6.3	J. Rodrguez, B. Wu, S. Bernet, J. O. Pontt, "Guest Editorial," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2927-2929, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
54.6.4	J. Rodriguez, S. Bernet, Bin Wu, J.O. Pontt, S. Kouro, "Multilevel Voltage-Source-Converter Topologies for Industrial Medium-Voltage Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2930-2945, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a technology review of voltage-source-converter topologies for industrial medium-voltage drives. In this highly active area, different converter topologies and circuits have found their application in the market. This paper covers the high-power voltage-source inverter and the most used multilevel-inverter topologies, including the neutral-point-clamped, cascaded H-bridge, and flying-capacitor converters. This paper presents the operating principle of each topology and a review of the most relevant modulation methods, focused mainly on those used by industry. In addition, the latest advances and future trends of the technology are discussed. It is concluded that the topology and modulation-method selection are closely related to each particular application, leaving a space on the market for all the different solutions, depending on their unique features and limitations like power or voltage level, dynamic performance, reliability, costs, and other technical specifications.
54.6.5	A.J. Watson, P.W. Wheeler, J.C. Clare, "A Complete Harmonic Elimination Approach to DC Link Voltage Balancing for a Cascaded Multilevel Rectifier," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2946-2953, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a complete method that is used to balance dc link voltages in a cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) multilevel rectifier. Recently, such converters have been the subject of extensive research due to their suitability for high-power applications. One requirement in using a multilevel active rectifier at high levels of power is to limit the switching losses by reducing the switching frequency to a minimum. Another requirement for these converters is to ensure that individual dc link capacitor voltages for each cell of the converter are always balanced to ensure controllability and to limit stress on the converter cells. This paper presents a complete method in solving both of these problems using a selective-harmonic-elimination pulsewidth-modulation scheme. The scheme utilizes a simple controller to track each cell dc link capacitor voltage magnitude and accordingly biases the power flowing into each cell to ensure that the voltages across each cell capacitor converge. This is the case even when the loads attached to the individual cells are not balanced. The theory is supported by both simulated results from Saber and by experimental results from a seven-level CHB single-phase multilevel rectifier.
54.6.6	S. Khomfoi, L.M. Tolbert, "Fault Diagnosis and Reconfiguration for Multilevel Inverter Drive Using AI-Based Techniques," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2954-2968, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A fault diagnostic and reconfiguration method for a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter drive (MLID) using artificial-intelligence-based techniques is proposed in this paper. Output phase voltages of the MLID are used as diagnostic signals to detect faults and their locations. It is difficult to diagnose an MLID system using a mathematical model because MLID systems consist of many switching devices and their system complexity has a nonlinear factor. Therefore, a neural network (NN) classification is applied to the fault diagnosis of an MLID system. Multilayer perceptron networks are used to identify the type and location of occurring faults. The principal component analysis is utilized in the feature extraction process to reduce the NN input size. A lower dimensional input space will also usually reduce the time necessary to train an NN, and the reduced noise can improve the mapping performance. The genetic algorithm is also applied to select the valuable principal components. The proposed network is evaluated with simulation test set and experimental test set. The overall classification performance of the proposed network is more than 95%. A reconfiguration technique is also proposed. The proposed fault diagnostic system requires about six cycles to clear an open-circuit or short-circuit fault. The experimental results show that the proposed system performs satisfactorily to detect the fault type, fault location, and reconfiguration.
54.6.7	C.R. Baier, J.I. Guzman, J.R. Espinoza, M.A. Perez, J.R. Rodriguez, "Performance Evaluation of a Multicell Topology Implemented With Single-Phase Nonregenerative Cells Under Unbalanced Supply Voltages," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2969-2978, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The analysis of a multicell topology that is implemented with single-phase nonregenerative cells under an unbalanced ac mains is presented. The study shows that the topology naturally compensates most of the voltage unbalance; for instance, for a 100% voltage unbalance in the ac mains, just 32% reaches the load. For critical applications, a feedforward control technique is proposed in order to compensate the remaining unbalance at the load side. The resulting topology, in combination with the proposed strategy, reduces near to zero the load fundamental voltage unbalance, while the input current unbalance and distortion are also improved. A theoretical analysis that is based on symmetrical components and the experimental results confirm the theoretical considerations.
54.6.8	D. Krug, S. Bernet, S.S. Fazel, K. Jalili, M. Malinowski, "Comparison of 2.3-kV Medium-Voltage Multilevel Converters for Industrial Medium-Voltage Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2979-2992, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper compares the expense of power semiconductors and passive components of a (2.3 kV, 2.4 MVA) two-level, three-level neutral-point-clamped, three-level flying-capacitor, four-level flying-capacitor, and five-level series-connected H-bridge voltage source converter on the basis of the state-of-the-art 6.5-, 3.3-, 2.5-, and 1.7-kV insulated gate bipolar transistors for industrial medium-voltage drives. The power semiconductor losses, the loss distribution, the installed switch power, the design of flying capacitors, and the components of an sine filter for retrofit applications are considered.
54.6.9	Liqiang Yuan, Zhengming Zhao, M. Eltawil, Rong Yi, Hua Bai, "Performance Evaluation of Switch Devices Equipped in High-Power Three-Level Inverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2993-3000, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The feature of the integrated gate-commutated thyristors (IGCTs) makes them have excellent performance in high-voltage high-current field. The high integration of drives and devices makes it very convenient to use them. In order to examine the dynamic characters of switch devices in high-power three-level inverter, an experimental test for IGCTs and diodes equipped in inverter is proposed and described in detail. The characteristics of switch devices are compared and evaluated experimentally. The relation between the devices' switching behavior and the other elements in the inverter, such as the inverter's structure, the topology position of devices, the stray inductances in commutating loops, etc., are analyzed. Moreover, the busbar structure is improved, and the key pulsewidth-modulation parameter of the inverter is determined. Finally, the advantages of the experiment are summarized in the conclusion.
54.6.10	A. Videt, P. Le Moigne, N. Idir, P. Baudesson, X. Cimetiere, "A New Carrier-Based PWM Providing Common-Mode-Current Reduction and DC-Bus Balancing for Three-Level Inverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3001-3011, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Adjustable-speed drives involve common-mode voltages, which generate common-mode currents flowing to the ground through stray capacitances of electric machines. These currents are known to provoke premature motor-bearing failures, as well as electromagnetic interferences disturbing neighbor electronic devices. Furthermore, high-voltage applications involve high levels of these conducted emissions, which must be lowered by using bulky and expensive filters. This paper aims at elaborating a new pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) strategy in order to reduce the common-mode currents generated by three-level neutral-point-clamped inverters. The proposed strategy also provides the ability to balance the neutral point of the dc-bus capacitors. Experimental results both in time and frequency domains confirm that the new PWM improves the electromagnetic-compatibility behavior of the drive compared with conventional strategies.
54.6.11	Hua Bai, Zhengming Zhao, M. Eltawil, Liqiang Yuan, "Optimization Design of High-Voltage-Balancing Circuit Based on the Functional Model of IGCT," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3012-3021, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Integrated gate commutated thyristors (IGCTs) are commonly used for high-voltage three-level pulsewidth-modulation-controlled voltage-source inverters. IGCTs are utilized in series connection when the output voltage is greater than the maximum rated voltage. Special measure must be taken to ensure the safety and reliable operation of the inverters, and to equalize the voltages across the IGCT modules, such as the dynamic voltage-balancing circuit using an snubber circuit. Based on the IGCT functional model, this paper presents an optimization design procedure of a high-voltage-balancing circuit for a 6-kV/1250-kW inverter. A tradeoff is made between the voltage imbalance, maximum turn-on current, endurance, and losses. Simulation and experiments validate the feasibility of this procedure. In addition, the specific transient processes in the three-level topology with voltage-balancing circuit are simulated, and their inner mechanisms are analyzed.
54.6.12	L.G. Franquelo, J. Napoles, R.C.P. Guisado, J.I. Leon, M.A. Aguirre, "A Flexible Selective Harmonic Mitigation Technique to Meet Grid Codes in Three-Level PWM Converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3022-3029, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Due to the development of new grid codes, power converters' output signal harmonic control is currently becoming extremely important in medium- and high-power applications. By taking this new scenario into account, a new method to generate switching three-level pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) patterns to meet specific grid codes is presented. The proposed method, which is named selective harmonic mitigation PWM , generates switching three-level PWM patterns with high quality from the point of view of harmonic content, avoiding the elimination of some specific harmonics and studying all harmonics and the total harmonic distortion as a global problem by using a general-purpose random-search heuristic algorithm. This fact leads to a drastic reduction or even avoidance of the bulky and costly grid connection tuned filters of power systems. Any harmonic shaping can be considered due to the flexibility of the method. Power devices switching constraints are considered to obtain directly applicable results. As a practical example, limits from one actual grid code have been used to get the experimental results by means of a 150-kVA three-level diode-clamped converter test bench. Comparisons between the proposed technique, optimized PWM and Selective Harmonic Elimination methods have been carried out. The results obtained with this new method greatly improve previous ones.
54.6.13	L.C.G. de Freitas, M.G. Simoes, C.A. Canesin, L.C. de Freitas, "Performance Evaluation of a Novel Hybrid Multipulse Rectifier for Utility Interface of Power Electronic Converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3030-3041, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents an improved analysis of a novel programmable power-factor-corrected-based hybrid multipulse power rectifier (PFC-HMPR) for utility interface of power electronic converters. The proposed hybrid multipulse rectifier is composed of an ordinary three-phase six-pulse diode-bridge rectifier (Graetz bridge) with a parallel connection of single-phase switched converters in each three-phase rectifier leg. In this paper, the authors present a complete discussion about the controlled rectifiers' power contribution and also a complete analysis concerning the total harmonic distortion of current that can be achieved when the proposed converter operates as a conventional 12-pulse rectifier. The mathematical analysis presented in this paper corroborate, with detailed equations, the experimental results of two 6-kW prototypes implemented in a laboratory.
54.6.14	M. Baumann, J.W. Kolar, "Parallel Connection of Two Three-Phase Three-Switch Buck-Type Unity-Power-Factor Rectifier Systems With DC-Link Current Balancing," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3042-3053, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Connecting three-phase rectifier systems in parallel shows many advantages as compared to a single rectifier system with higher output power, such as higher reliability, smaller current and voltage ripple components, lower filtering effort, or higher system bandwidth. However, current unbalance or circulating currents can occur for modular design. In this paper, the parallel connection of two three-phase three-switch buck-type unity-power-factor pulsewidth-modulation rectifier systems is experimentally investigated for a 10-kW digital-signal-processor-controlled prototype. A space vector modulation scheme is employed showing all the advantages of an interleaved operation. Three control schemes for active dc-link current balancing are described employing an additional free-wheeling state that allows to influence the rate of change of the dc-link currents and can therefore be used for dc-link current balancing. The control schemes differ concerning control action and additional switching losses. Simulation and experimental results confirm the theoretical considerations: The dc-link current-balancing capability of the different control methods is compared, and the influence of the additional free-wheeling state on switching losses and operation behavior is investigated. The most advantageous control method, which employs a hysteresis controller and shows limited switching losses, is selected. The analysis of the mains behavior shows an improvement as compared to a single rectifier operation.
54.6.15	L. Gomes, S. Bogosyan, "Guest Editorial," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3054-3056, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The ten papers in this special section focus on e-learning and remote laboratories within engineering education. Part I papers concentrate on novel methodologies as well as development and implementation approaches for experiments in different technical and scientific areas.
54.6.16	D. Hercog, B. Gergic, S. Uran, K. Jezernik, "A DSP-Based Remote Control Laboratory," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3057-3068, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a framework for rapid remote experiment implementation in the field of automatic control. The proposed solution is based on in-house developed embedded control hardware and two commercially available software packages. MATLAB/Simulink is used for rapid experiment control algorithm development, while LabVIEW is used for the user front-end and remote control. A combination of presented hardware and software solutions enables the rapid and easy creation of different interactive remote control experiments. Using this solution, a digital-signal-processor-based remote control laboratory for teaching purposes has been realized. This remote laboratory enables the remote users to easily interact with a set of physical control experiments through the Internet. In the friendly user interface, the remote user can change predefined system parameters and observe system response in textual, graphical, or video format. In addition, this remote laboratory includes a booking system, which enables remote users to book experiments in advance.
54.6.17	L.S. Indrusiak, M. Glesner, R. Reis, "On the Evolution of Remote Laboratories for Prototyping Digital Electronic Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3069-3077, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The design of digital electronic systems for industrial applications can benefit in many ways from the prototyping capabilities of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platforms. This paper presents three evolutionary releases of an FPGA-based remote laboratory and discusses the didactical and technical motivations behind each release, aiming to reduce the overhead of setting up and operate a laboratory environment where designers and students can use FPGA prototyping to validate their designs. To achieve that, a number of abstraction layers were introduced, allowing configuration and data processing in remote FPGA platforms, as well as integrating such platforms within a simulation environment. The proposed approach supported a number of projects where groups of designers and students could specify, refine, and prototype electronic systems using a pool of remotely available FPGA platforms.
54.6.18	G. Donzellini, D. Ponta, "A Simulation Environment for e-Learning in Digital Design," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3078-3085, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Deeds is a simulation environment for e-learning in digital electronics. The simulators cover combinational and sequential logic networks, finite state-machine design, and microcomputer interfacing and programming. They are integrated together, and therefore allow the design and test of embedded digital systems. The environment guides students' activities by delivering learning materials through specialized browsers. An extensive collection of learning materials is available. This paper includes an example of activity on a problem assignment.
54.6.19	J. Fernandez, R. Marin, R. Wirz, "Online Competitions: An Open Space to Improve the Learning Process," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3086-3093, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Experimentation and practical work, which are usually accomplished in a laboratory, are the basics of technological fields. Laboratory activities enable students to acquire methodologies, work habits, knowledge, and experience of equipment operation, in conditions as near as possible to their future professional activities. The evolution of communication and information technologies opens new possibilities in educational methods. This article describes a project that aims to facilitate the use of real robots in an educational laboratory via Web, allowing users to learn different robotics aspects while performing a competition. Students can remotely program several robots to participate in games to accomplish a set of goals in a remote stadium (the RoboStadium). To facilitate the use of robots, the online robot stadium provides a set of training resources. Having these resources, previous knowledge on robotics is not required to use the system. Since robotics is a multidisciplinary field (mechanics, electronics, control, mathematics, computers, etc.), students of different degrees can take advantage of the presented system. Researchers of two Spanish universities are participating in this project, which provides robotics telelaboratories via Web.
54.6.20	H. Hassan, C. Dominguez, J.-M. Martinez, A. Perles, J. Albaladejo, "Remote Laboratory Architecture for the Validation of Industrial Control Applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3094-3102, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The seven engineering degrees of the Higher Technical School of Design Engineering (ETSID), Technical University of Valencia, include in their formation programs, subjects, and laboratory projects to instruct students in the aspects of the design, development, and validation of applications for process control, automation, industrial informatics, and embedded systems. Moreover, the authors participate in European projects of education such as the International Network of Embedded System (INES) and the European Project Semester (EPS), where exchange students remotely perform the first phase of their projects at ETSID from their home universities. To significantly reduce the cost of installing a huge number of real prototypes in labs and to fulfill the distance requirements of the exchange students, a remote laboratory architecture, i.e., simPROCes, has been designed. simPROCes not only permits the teleoperation of simulators/real prototypes but also allows that complete control applications be remotely tested and validated. simPROCes is precisely specified to be independent of the model of computer, data acquisition card, programming language, and operating system, and is transparent to the programmer and easy to use. This system is useful both for the education and development of control application purposes. A water tank process shows the installation procedure of simPROCes to test and validate control applications. The experience of applying simPROCes in the electronic engineering degree and within the framework of INES and EPS has been successfully rated by student surveys.
54.6.21	P. Marange, F. Gellot, B. Riera, "Remote Control of Automation Systems for DES Courses," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3103-3111, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The objective of technical courses is the transfer of knowledge and know-how to students. In the case of discrete event system courses, it is important for a learner to locally or remotely control real systems (or plants) that are composed of many sensors and actuators. The use of these devices poses several problems. First, it is difficult to adapt them to the student's level (from beginner to expert). Second, these systems are generally designed with industrial components. An error on the control-command design can involve safety problems and breakdowns. In this paper, the authors propose an original solution to solve these two problems. To guarantee the safety of the operators and the equipment, an approach using a validation filter is proposed. It is based on the definition of logical constraints, which should in no case be violated. To adapt the difficulty level, it is proposed to modify the level of automation. For that, the functional dimension of the automation system is modified to adapt the student's level of autonomy. The level of automation is defined by the teacher by means of a functional analysis of the system. To validate the approach, it is applied to an original project with ten-year-old children on a packaging system. The aim of the project is to enable ldquoyoung novice control engineersrdquo to perform their first programmable logic controller program to control the whole system.
54.6.22	M. Huba, M. Simunek, "Modular Approach to Teaching PID Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3112-3121, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper describes a blended learning approach in teaching ldquoConstrained Time-Delayed Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control.rdquo It is based on the ldquolearning by doingrdquo paradigm supported by several e-learning tools: by the interactive electronic course materials in Moodle; by the laboratory of low-cost and easy-to-manipulate plants; and by the virtual laboratory WebLAB. These open the access to study and experiment on real systems via Internet for 24 h/day, seven days a week. Synergy of the newly structured theory developed to deal with real-world constraints with the interactive content delivery and with active learning based on simulations, real-time experiments in laboratories, and tele-experiments via Internet offers stimulating and quasi-authentic learning environment. These give students multiple formative feedback, ranging from computer quizzes to plant reactions in a rich variety of authentic situations.
54.6.23	L.L. Bello, O. Mirabella, A. Raucea, "Design and Implementation of an Educational Testbed for Experiencing With Industrial Communication Networks," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3122-3133, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of an educational testbed developed for a course on industrial communication networks at the Engineering Faculty, University of Catania. The aim is to realize a platform capable of emulating various network configurations, thus enabling students to find out by themselves through practical experiments how different design choices, parameter settings, network configurations, and algorithms impact on the overall network performance. The testbed comprises a number of basic components (hosts, routers, and access points) implemented on nodes equipped with operating systems and open source software, which together make up a modular system. Each router can be loaded with data flows and monitored over preestablished time windows so as to evaluate its performance in a wide range of operating conditions. The wireless part makes it possible to configure environments with different levels of noise and bandwidth utilization so as to emulate a broad spectrum of real operating environments. The testbed can be used via remote access through a web interface that not only allows the operating conditions to be configured but also permits real-time monitoring. Students can configure the testbed on the basis of the network they are studying and can measure its performance for evaluation purposes.
54.6.24	M. Casini, D. Prattichizzo, A. Vicino, "Operating Remote Laboratories Through a Bootable Device," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3134-3140, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Remote laboratories are laboratories where the hardware devices are accessible through the Internet 24 h a day for running experiments on physical processes. These laboratories are commonly used as complementary tools in engineering education, allowing students to integrate theoretical notions with practical experiments without the necessity of being physically present inside a laboratory. The increased availability of experiments in a remote laboratory is certainly an advantage for students, but it implies an increase of the probability of hardware and software failures. Thus, maintaining physical processes in a remote laboratory may become a heavy task for laboratory administrators. Remote laboratory inefficiency due to hardware and software maintenance can be certainly reduced if the time that is required for software reinstallation and/or upgrade is kept as short as possible. In this paper, a technique based on the use of a bootable (live) device on the server side of a remote laboratory is reported. This solution, which, in principle, can be used in almost any remote laboratory, allows an administrator to greatly reduce the time that is needed to fix a hardware/software failure, as well as to add a new process to the laboratory in a faster way. Moreover, the use of such a tool will also increase the reliability of the entire laboratory. The application of the proposed method to the ldquoAutomatic Control Telelab,rdquo which is a remote laboratory that was developed at the University of Siena, is also described in detail.
54.6.25	U. Munz, P. Schumm, A. Wiesebrock, F. Allgower, "Motivation and Learning Progress Through Educational Games," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3141-3144, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In engineering, we are often faced with the problem of how to teach complex theoretical material to students who are mainly interested in solving practical problems. This gap between the application-oriented expectation of the learner and the theory-focused material chosen by the lecturer may end up causing high barriers for the learning performance of the students. This becomes obvious if we recall that motivation is a cornerstone for good learning. One way to close this gap between theory and practice is educational games. In this paper, we show how educational games can exemplarily help to motivate and teach undergraduate university students in a basic automatic control course. The success of this approach can, for example, be seen from the course evaluations and feedback from our students. Papers
54.6.26	H.S.-H. Chung, Ngai-Man Ho, Wei Yan, Pok Wai Tam, S.Y. Hui, "Comparison of Dimmable Electromagnetic and Electronic Ballast Systems—An Assessment on Energy Efficiency and Lifetime," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3145-3154, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: There is a common misconception that energy saving is always equivalent to environmental protection. Compared with electromagnetic ballasts, electronic ballasts have a much shorter lifetime and are not recyclable. This prompts new concerns about their environmental impacts due to the accumulation of a huge amount of toxic and/or nonbiodegradable electronic waste components and materials. In this paper, the combined use of a central dimming system with low-loss electromagnetic ballasts is compared with electronic ballasts. Experimental results have confirmed that the use of a central dimming system for large electromagnetic-ballast-driven lighting systems can be as energy efficient as electronic ballasts. Considering the long lifetime ( 30 years) of electromagnetic ballasts and the recyclability of their magnetic chokes, this paper shows that such combined technology can provide an improved environmentally friendly and energy-saving solution for large-scale electric-lighting systems, particularly for lighting systems in large public areas. Due to the elimination of many electronic ballasts, this proposed technology has the potential of drastically reducing a huge amount of electronic waste. With the positive results obtained in this paper, it is hoped that international regulatory organizations would reconsider their current policies and promote lighting technology that is both environmentally friendly and energy saving.
54.6.27	Kyo-Beum Lee, F. Blaabjerg, "An Improved DTC-SVM Method for Sensorless Matrix Converter Drives Using an Overmodulation Strategy and a Simple Nonlinearity Compensation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3155-3166, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, an improved direct torque control (DTC) method for sensorless matrix converter drives is proposed, which is characterized by minimal torque ripple, unity input power factor, and good sensorless speed-control performance in the low-speed operation, while maintaining constant switching frequency and fast torque dynamics. It is possible to combine the advantages of matrix converters with the advantages of the DTC strategy using space-vector modulation and two PI controllers. To overcome the degrading of dynamic torque response compared with the basic DTC method and the phase-current distortion due to the nonlinearity of the matrix converter, an overmodulation strategy and a simple nonlinearity-compensation method using transformation are also presented. Experimental results are shown to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed strategy.
54.6.28	A. Bellini, C. Concari, G. Franceschini, A. Toscani, "Mixed-Mode PWM for High-Performance Stepping Motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3167-3177, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper describes the realization of a high-performance drive based on stepping motors, with a specific reference to the optimal choice of pulsewidth modulation. An original modulation technique is proposed that allows, in conjunction with current feedback, to achieve high performances together with a reduced current ripple. A prototype digital signal processor-based drive was realized for a small-size stepping motor.
54.6.29	J.M. Espi Huerta, E.J. Dede Garcia Santamaria, R. Garcia Gil, J. Castello Moreno, "Design of the L-LC Resonant Inverter for Induction Heating Based on Its Equivalent SRI," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3178-3187, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents the new L- LC induction heating generator and probes that, in resonance, are equivalent to a series resonant inverter. This equivalence is then used to compare both topologies, extracting the advantages and disadvantages of the L-LC usage. In addition, based on this equivalence, a design procedure is proposed that covers all possible L-LC configurations. Finally, some experimental results are presented, showing waveforms during normal and short-circuit operation.
54.6.30	Xinyun Liu, A.J. Forsyth, A.M. Cross, "Negative Input-Resistance Compensator for a Constant Power Load," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3188-3196, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A negative input-resistance compensator is designed to stabilize a power electronic brushless dc motor drive with constant power-load characteristics. The strategy is to feed a portion of the changes in the dc-link voltage into the current control loop to modify the system input impedance in the midfrequency range and thereby to damp the input filter. The design process of the compensator and the selection of parameters are described. The impact of the compensator is examined on the motor-controller performance, and finally, the effectiveness of the controller is verified by simulation and experimental testing.
54.6.31	Weixing Huang, Dan Chen, E.M. Baker, Jinghai Zhou, Hung-I Hsieh, F.C. Lee, "Design of a Power Piezoelectric Transformer for a PFC Electronic Ballast," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3197-3204, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A power piezoelectric transformer (PT) was used to replace the conventional inductor-capacitor resonant tank to save valuable space and cost for ballast applications. In the past, the design of the PT or Transoner for the ballast circuit has been difficult due to the complex interaction between the physical and electrical equivalent circuit characteristics. Previous ballast design using the PT requires selecting available PT models that do not normally match the specific application, therefore resulting in poor efficiency. In this paper, a design procedure was established for a PT tailored to a 120-V 32-W power-factor-correction electronic ballast. A prototype Transoner based on this design was fabricated by Face Electronics Inc., Norfolk, VA, and was experimentally tested. The experimental results showed that the ballast using the designed PT can achieve unity power factor, zero-voltage switching, and 83% overall efficiency.
54.6.32	F. Alonge, F. D'Ippolito, G. Giardina, T. Scaffidi, "Design and Low-Cost Implementation of an Optimally Robust Reduced-Order Rotor Flux Observer for Induction Motor Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3205-3216, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The aim of this paper is to design and analyze reduced-order observers of the rotor flux of induction motors. The design is carried out in two steps. In the first step, a boundary of the stability region of the observation error is obtained corresponding to a chosen Lyapunov function. In the second step, the boundary is translated into a performance index that is minimized with respect to stator and rotor resistance variations and differences of voltages supplying the motor and those supplying the observer in order to obtain the largest stability region. Implementation of the observer on a low-cost fixed-point digital signal processor using look-up tables is described. Experimental results are shown with reference to a prototype consisting of a simple proportional-integral controller, the proposed observer, and a 2.2-kW induction motor; the implementations of both the controller and the observer are carried out on a DS1104 dSpace microcontroller using the fixed-point option.
54.6.33	Yang Chen, K.M. Smedley, "Parallel Operation of One-Cycle Controlled Three-Phase PFC Rectifiers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3217-3224, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Parallel operation of three-phase power-factor-corrected (PFC) rectifiers is a critical issue for high-power applications, since it extends the power range to a much higher level and allows modular design. The technical challenges are current sharing and circulating current control among the modules. This paper studies these phenomena within two paralleled rectifiers and proposes a new current-sharing method based on one-cycle control (OCC) with vector operation and bipolar operation. With some minor additions to the original OCC circuit and a simple add-on communication path among the individual modules, the input current is shared and the circulating current is limited, while the OCC advantages, such as constant switching frequency, no multipliers, and simple circuitry, are preserved. Two OCC PFC rectifiers of 2.5 kW each were built and tied together using the proposed parallel operation method. Experiments have demonstrated the simplicity and the effectiveness of this method.
54.6.34	P. Thounthong, S. Rael, B. Davat, "Control Strategy of Fuel Cell and Supercapacitors Association for a Distributed Generation System," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3225-3233, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper proposes an innovative control strategy for a voltage-regulated dc hybrid power source employing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell as the main energy source and supercapacitors as the auxiliary power source for a distributed generation system. This strategy is based on a standard dc link voltage regulation, which is simpler than standard state machines used for hybrid source control, and free of chattering problems. Its originality lies in using only the storage device for supplying the energy required to achieve the dc link voltage regulation. Therefore, the main source of the hybrid system is considered as a standard load, working only in regenerative braking, to keep the storage device charged. The general structure of the studied system, the control principle of the hybrid source, the realization of the experimental bench, and the experimental validation are all presented.
54.6.35	L. dos Santos Coelho, B.M. Herrera, "Fuzzy Identification Based on a Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization Approach Applied to a Nonlinear Yo-yo Motion System," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3234-3245, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The identification of uncertain and nonlinear systems is an important and challenging problem. Fuzzy models, particularly Takagi-Sugeno (TS), have received particular attention in the area of nonlinear identification due to their potentialities to approximate any nonlinear behavior. A method of nonlinear identification based on the TS fuzzy model and optimization procedure is proposed in this paper. Chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithms, based on chaotic Zaslavskii map sequences, combined with efficient Gustafson-Kessel (GK) clustering algorithm are proposed here for the design of the premise part of production rules, while the least-mean-square technique is utilized for the subsequent part of the production rules of the TS fuzzy model. An experimental case study using a nonlinear yo-yo motion control system is analyzed by the proposed algorithms. The numerical results presented here indicate that the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm and, particularly, the CPSO combined with GK algorithms are effective in building a good TS fuzzy model for nonlinear identification.
54.6.36	R. Leidhold, P. Mutschler, "Speed Sensorless Control of a Long-Stator Linear Synchronous Motor Arranged in Multiple Segments," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3246-3254, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In the case of long-stator linear drives, unlike rotative drives for which speed or position sensors are a single unit attached to the shaft, these sensors extend along the carriage way, becoming a costly part of the system. Therefore, sensorless methods are of higher concern in linear motors than in rotative ones. For long carriage ways, the stator is usually divided in several independently fed segments in order to reduce the reactive power and to allow more than one vehicle to move on the same carriage way. This arrangement presents additional challenges in the implementation of sensorless methods because the position-dependent variables [as the electromotive force (EMF)] of each segment are nonperiodic signals. Moreover, the acquired speed and position information from one segment must be synchronized with the adjacent one when the mover passes over a segment transition. In this paper, a method to get a continuous estimation of the speed and position, even during the transition between segments, is proposed. This method uses an EMF observer for each active segment (i.e., where the mover is currently located, and the subsequent segment). Then, based on the addition of the observed EMF, a single speed and position observer is implemented for the mover. Using an experimental setup, validation results are attained and presented.
54.6.37	M. Saeedifard, R. Iravani, J. Pou, "Analysis and Control of DC-Capacitor-Voltage-Drift Phenomenon of a Passive Front-End Five-Level Converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3255-3266, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The phenomenon of dc-capacitor-voltage drift is the main technical drawback of a passive front-end multilevel diode-clamped converter (DCC). This paper formulates and analyzes the dc-capacitor-voltage-drift phenomenon of a passive front-end five-level DCC, which operates based on a sinusoidal pulsewidth-modulation (SPWM) switching strategy. The analysis shows dependence of the voltage drift on the modulation index and the ac-side power factor of the DCC. The analysis concludes that an SPWM strategy, without the use of auxiliary power circuitry, is not able to prevent the voltage-drift phenomenon of a five-level DCC. This paper also proposes a space-vector-modulation (SVM)-based switching strategy that takes advantage of redundant switching vectors of the SVM method to counteract the voltage-drift phenomenon. The limit to the range of operation of a five-level DCC, which is based on the proposed SVM strategy, is also presented. The salient feature of the proposed strategy is that it enables voltage balancing of the dc capacitors with no requirements for additional controls or auxiliary-power circuitry, within the specified range of operation. The performance of a DCC under various operating conditions, based on time-domain simulation studies in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, is evaluated. This paper demonstrates capability of the proposed SVM strategy to control and maintain voltage balance of dc capacitors.
54.6.38	Jae-Kyu Park, Woo-Young Choi, Bong-Hwan Kwon, "A Step-Up DC–DC Converter With a Resonant Voltage Doubler," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3267-3275, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A step-up dc-dc converter with a resonant voltage doubler is proposed. The proposed converter is composed of an active-clamp circuit and a resonant voltage doubler. The active-clamp circuit, which is controlled by dual asymmetrical pulsewidth modulation of the primary side, reduces the voltage spikes of main switches and limits the voltage stress of the switches as the maximum input voltage. In addition, the resonant voltage doubler of the secondary side provides two resonant-current paths formed by the leakage inductance and the output resonant capacitors, and zero-current-switching turn-off of diodes can be achieved by their resonant current. Thus, the losses of the output diodes due to the reverse-recovery problem can be removed. In addition, the voltage stress of the output diodes is clamped to the output voltage. The operation and analysis of the proposed circuit is presented in detail. To verify the performance of the proposed converter, experimental results are carried out for a 1.2-kW dc-dc converter with a constant switching frequency of 70 kHz.
54.6.39	Siew-Chong Tan, Y.M. Lai, C.K. Tse, L. Martinez-Salamero, Chi-Kin Wu, "A Fast-Response Sliding-Mode Controller for Boost-Type Converters With a Wide Range of Operating Conditions," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3276-3286, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper proposes a fast-response sliding-mode controller for controlling boost-type converters requiring a fast dynamical response over a wide range of operating conditions. The various aspects of the controller, which include the method of generating the reference-current profile, the choice of sliding surface, the existence and stability properties, and the selection of the control parameters, are discussed. Experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical design and to illustrate the strength of the proposed controller. It is demonstrated that, with the proposed controller, the boost converter has a faster response and a lower voltage overshoot over a wide range of operating conditions as compared to that under the widely used peak current-mode controller. Moreover, it is easily realized with simple analog circuitries.
54.6.40	U.K. Madawala, D.J. Thrimawithana, Nihal Kularatna, "An ICPT-Supercapacitor Hybrid System for Surge-Free Power Transfer," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3287-3297, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a technique for the suppression of voltage transients through the use of dynamically reconfigurable supercapacitor (SC) banks. The technique requires a minimum of two SC banks to transfer power from a mains supply to load in complete isolation. The banks are operated independently as energy-storing elements in one of the three states of charging, discharging, or idling, and transition of banks from one state to another with isolation is realized dynamically by inductively coupled power-transfer technology with no physical contacts. The proposed technique has no direct connection between the mains supply and load at any given moment, and power transfer takes place in complete isolation with built-in protection for both common- and differential-mode transients. Sizing of the banks with respect to various types of SCs and system parameters is analyzed. Comparisons between simulations and experimental results of two prototype systems, subjected to combination transient surges specified by IEC61000-4-5 standard, are presented with a discussion to show the validity of the proposed concept and its suitability for uninterruptible power systems and emergency power supplies.
54.6.41	S. Katsura, T. Suzuyama, K. Ohishi, "A Realization of Multilateral Force Feedback Control for Cooperative Motion," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3298-3306, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper proposes a novel control design for multilateral system considering different degrees of freedom (DOF) and structure. The conventional coordinate transformation with respect to the Cartesian coordinate system is not always suitable for bilateral and/or multilateral control for dexterous tasks, including grasping motion. This paper introduces spatial mode transformation, which is corresponding to human's tasks. The spatial modes are abstracted by using mode quarry matrices. The order of the mode quarry matrices means the task DOF, and the decoupled modes correspond to ldquotranslational task,rdquo ldquorotating task,rdquo ldquograsping task,rdquo and so on. Thus, the problems for motion integration of different DOF and structure are solved to design a multilateral controller in the spatial mode coordinate systems. Furthermore, the proposed multilateral control is designed based on acceleration control to realize both the force servoing and the position regulator for action-reaction law in remote environment simultaneously. The proposed multilateral control is applied for a multimaster/single-slave system, where the DOF is different from each other. As a result, a complicated task for the slave system is easily realized by two master systems with vivid force feedback based on modal control design of the multilateral system. The experimental results show viability of the proposed method.
54.6.42	Yi-Hwa Liu, "Design and Implementation of an FPGA-Based CCFL Driving System With Digital Dimming Capability," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3307-3316, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The proliferation of liquid-crystal display (LCD) monitors and notebook computers places an ever-increasing demand on display technology. The LCD with cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) best satisfies display performance, size, and efficiency. To operate the CCFL, a driving circuit is needed to light the lamp with a relatively high voltage and then stabilize the arc current. For minimizing the component count and size, a high-frequency zero-voltage switching (ZVS) resonant converter is preferred. In this paper, a field-programmable-gate-array-based ZVS resonant converter for driving CCFL with digital dimming capability is presented. The proposed digital controller utilizes the pulse density modulation technique to adjust the output power. A 3-W prototyping system is built and tested; experimental results show that the proposed system can reduce the voltage spike by more than 15%, compared to the low-frequency dimming methods. The overall system power efficiency is approximately 85%. The advantages of the proposed system include high efficiency, low output voltage and current spike, wide dimming range, flexibility, and compactness.
54.6.43	Zhengyu Lin, D.S. Reay, B.W. Williams, Xiangning He, "Online Modeling for Switched Reluctance Motors Using B-Spline Neural Networks," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3317-3322, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A novel online-modeling scheme for the switched reluctance motor (SRM) using a B-spline neural network (BSNN) is proposed in this paper. A 2-D BSNN is designed to learn the nonlinear-flux-linkage characteristic of an SRM online and in real-time. Torque, incremental inductance, and back-emf estimates can be derived from the BSNN after training. The scheme does not require a priori knowledge of the SRM electromagnetic characteristics. Simulation and experimental results show that the scheme has a good estimation performance and robustness at low to medium motor speed.
54.6.44	L. Harnefors, M. Bongiorno, S. Lundberg, "Input-Admittance Calculation and Shaping for Controlled Voltage-Source Converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3323-3334, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A controlled power electronic converter can cause local instabilities when interacting with other dynamic subsystems in a power system. Oscillations at a certain frequency cannot, however, build up if the converter differential input admittance has a positive conductance (real part) at that frequency, since power is then dissipated. In this paper, input-admittance expressions for a voltage-source converter are derived. It is seen how the admittance can be shaped in order to get a positive real part in the desired frequency regions by adjusting the controller parameters.
54.6.45	T. Tsuji, K. Ohnishi, A. Sabanovic, "A Controller Design Method Based on Functionality," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3335-3343, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Robots are expected to expand their range of activities to human environment. Robots in human environment need redundancy for environmental adaptation. Furthermore, they have to automatically modify their controllers in response to varying conditions of the environment. Therefore, the authors have proposed a method to design a hyper-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) control system efficiently. The method decouples a large control system into small independent components called ldquofunction.rdquo Motion of the entire control system is expressed as superposition of multiple functions. Combination of some functions realizes many patterns of motion. Hence, various motions are realized with much smaller efforts on controller design. Additionally, the controller design is explicit since a controller and a function correspond directly. This paper expands the method to multi-DOF robots in 3-D space, since the conventional method was limited to a multirobot system in 1-D space. A new problem of interference among function-based systems occurs along with the expansion. A disturbance observer is applied on each actuator to eliminate the interference. Procedures of controller design under varying conditions are also shown. The proposed method is applied to a grasping manipulator with 18 DOF. Its experimental results show the validity of the method.
54.6.46	Shuo Wang, J.D. van Wyk, F.C. Lee, "Effects of Interactions Between Filter Parasitics and Power Interconnects on EMI Filter Performance," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3344-3352, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper first analyzes the electrical parameters of differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM) propagation on power interconnects. The impedance-transformation effects of the power interconnects are then investigated. The interactions between the parasitic parameters in electromagnetic-interference (EMI) filters and the transformed impedances by the power interconnects are explored in detail. It is found that the interactions can degrade EMI-filter performance at high frequencies. Simulations and experiments are finally carried out to verify the analysis.
54.6.47	S. Katsura, K. Ohishi, "Acquisition and Analysis of Finger Motions by Skill Preservation System," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3353-3361, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Recently, skill acquisition of experts has been a serious problem of the medical or production fields. This paper proposes a skill preservation system for the motion acquisition of human fingers. The proposed skill preservation system is composed of a master-slave system, and the control system is based on bilateral motion control. Since a touching motion is subject to the ldquolaw of action and reaction,rdquo it is possible to decompose force information into action force and reaction force by using a bilateral control. Furthermore, a human motion is acquired in decoupled modal space by using the quarry matrices. The decoupled modes correspond to ldquotranslating,rdquo ldquorotating,rdquo ldquograspingrdquo task motions, and so on. Thus, the skilled motion by a human is easily obtained in the modal space. The quarry matrices are also applied for temporal decomposition. As a result, modal and temporal analyses are realized by using the quarry matrices. The proposed skill preservation system is applied for grasping motion by three fingers. The experimental results show viability of the proposed method.
54.6.48	Soonshin Han, HyungSoo Lim, FebgMyung Lee, "An Efficient Localization Scheme for a Differential-Driving Mobile Robot Based on RFID System," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3362-3369, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents an efficient localization scheme for an indoors mobile robot using Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems. The mobile robot carries an RFID reader at the bottom of the chassis, which reads the RFID tags on the floor to localize the mobile robot. Each of the RFID tags stores its own absolute position, which is used to calculate the position, orientation, and velocity of the mobile robot. However, a localization system based on RFID technology inevitably suffers from an estimation error. In this paper, a new triangular pattern of arranging the RFID tags on the floor has been proposed to reduce the estimation error of the conventional square pattern. In addition, the motion-continuity property of the differential-driving mobile robot has been utilized to improve the localization accuracy of the mobile robot. According to the conventional approach, two readers are necessary to identify the orientation of the mobile robot. Therefore, this new approach, based on the motion-continuity property of the differential-driving mobile robot, provides a cheap and fast estimation of the orientation. The proposed algorithms used to raise the accuracy of the robot localization are successfully verified through experiments.
54.6.49	G.A. Covic, J.T. Boys, M.L.G. Kissin, H.G. Lu, "A Three-Phase Inductive Power Transfer System for Roadway-Powered Vehicles," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3370-3378, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The development of a new three-phase bipolar inductive power transfer system that provides power across the entire width of a roadway surface for automatic guided vehicles and people mover systems is described. A prototype system was constructed to verify the feasibility of the design for a number of moving loads (toy cars). Here, 40 A/phase is supplied at 38.4 kHz to a 13-m-long test track. Flat pickups are used on the underside of each vehicle to couple power from the track to the vehicle. Finite element modeling software was used to design the geometrical position of the track cables and to predict the power output. This design resulted in a considerably wider power delivery zone than possible using a single-phase track layout and has been experimentally verified. Mutual coupling effects between the various track phases require additional compensation to be added to ensure balanced three-phase currents.
54.6.50	Hong Mao, Liangbin Yao, Caisheng Wang, I. Batarseh, "Analysis of Inductor Current Sharing in Nonisolated and Isolated Multiphase dc–dc Converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3379-3388, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Current sharing among inductors is an important issue in both isolated and nonisolated dc-dc converters. In this paper, average current sharing is in-depth modeled and analyzed for both interleaved multiphase buck converters and isolated current-doubler dc-dc converters. The features and comparison of various current-sharing techniques used in isolated and nonisolated dc-dc converters are presented, and the corresponding design guidelines are provided based on the theoretical analysis. The analysis reveals that the state-of-the-art current-sharing technique for multiphase buck converters cannot be directly applied to isolated current-doubler rectifier (CDR) dc-dc converters to achieve balanced inductor currents. Passive and active current-sharing methods are proposed for isolated current-doubler dc-dc converters to balance two inductor currents. Experimental results are presented to verify the modeling analysis and the proposed current-sharing techniques for CDRs in isolated dc-dc converters.
54.6.51	S. Katsura, K. Ohnishi, "Absolute Stabilization of Multimass Resonant System by Phase-Lead Compensator Based on Disturbance Observer," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3389-3396, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Vibration suppression and attainment of robustness in motion control systems is a big problem in industry applications. To address this issue, several control methods to suppress the vibration have been developed. However, in the conventional vibration control systems, much of the research has not considered the higher order of resonant frequencies. This paper proposes a novel vibration control of a multimass resonant system based on the phase-lead compensator. It also clarifies the influence of the parameter variation of a disturbance observer on acceleration control system. The effect of phase-lead compensation on the acceleration reference is attained by setting a higher nominal inertia value than the actual one. The phase-lead compensator can stabilize all resonant poles of the multimass resonant system. Since the proposed phase-lead compensation system is based on the disturbance observer technique, it can realize suppression of vibration and robustness in motion systems. The experimental results show viability of the proposed method.
54.6.52	R.M. Rodriguez-Osorio, L. de Haro Ariet, A.D. Castro Urbina, M.C. Ramon, "A DSP-Based Impulsive Noise Generator for Test Applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3397-3401, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Impulsive noise is known to be one of the most damaging types of wideband interference present in wireless communications systems, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems, Bluetooth, and Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial. In order to quantify how impulsive noise degrades the quality of service (QoS) of a particular system and to evaluate the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements of a practical receiver under realistic impulsive noise conditions, it is necessary to use a flexible and modular impulsive noise generator. The primary objective of this paper is to present a low-complexity and highly flexible impulsive noise generator whose software module is implemented in a digital signal processor. In contrast to existing commercial equipment, the software implementation preserves the statistical characteristics of the measured impulsive noise parameters. In the proposed implementation, the generator presents two levels of flexibility that make it especially suitable for performing QoS tests and EMC conformance testing in realistic impulsive noise scenarios. First, the application is independent of the noise source under study. Second, the modularity of the testbed makes the generation of impulsive interference in different frequency bands possible. Experimental results confirm the feasibility and achievable performance of the proposed testbed.
54.6.53	A. Hace, K. Jezernik, A. Sabanovic, "SMC With Disturbance Observer for a Linear Belt Drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3402-3412, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Accurate position-tracking control in a belt-driven servomechanism can experience vibrations and large tracking errors due to compliance and elasticity introduced by force transmission through the belt and nonlinear-friction phenomenon. In this paper, a new control algorithm which is based on a sliding-mode control that is able to deal with these problems is proposed. In order to further optimize position-tracking performance, the control scheme has been extended by an asymptotic disturbance observer. It has been proven that robust and vibration-free operation of a linear-belt-driven system can be achieved. The experiments presented in this paper show improved position-tracking error response while maintaining vibration suppression.
54.6.54	H. Kobayashi, S. Katsura, K. Ohnishi, "An Analysis of Parameter Variations of Disturbance Observer for Motion Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3413-3421, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper analyzes a disturbance observer with a focus on parameter variations. The parameter variations are the inertia variation and the variation of torque coefficient. Conventionally, their nominal values are designed not as control parameters but the same values as the actual ones. However, disturbance observer is able to include the effect of phase compensation by properly selecting the nominal model parameters. In this paper, these nominal model parameters are actively designed to achieve the phase compensation. This paper proposes the design method of observer to achieve phase compensation based on disturbance observer. Compared with implementing phase compensator, the control system is simple and easy to design. The selection of these parameters has some restriction. When the nominal model parameters are much separated from the actual ones, the stability of the control system deteriorates. This paper focuses on the inertia variation and neglects the variation of torque coefficient. Furthermore, the stability of position and force control systems is analyzed. The validity of the proposed design method and the effect of phase compensation are verified by some experimental results. Letters to the Editor
54.6.55	T. Nussbaumer, J.W. Kolar, "Comparison of 3-Phase Wide Output Voltage Range PWM Rectifiers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3422-3425, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A three-phase buck boost pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier with a three-switch buck-type rectifier input stage and an integrated dc/dc boost converter output stage, and a three-phase boost buck PWM rectifier system formed by series connection of a boost-type rectifier input stage (Vienna Rectifier) and a dc/dc buck converter output stage are presented and comparatively evaluated. Both systems are characterized by sinusoidal input current and wide output voltage control range. The comparison is for 6 kW rated output power at 400 Vrms line-to-line input and variable output voltage 200 V 600 V and identifies the buck boost approach as significantly superior regarding the overall efficiency, the volume and weight of the passive power components, and the overall system complexity.
54.6.56	Jae-Kyu Park, Jong-Jae Lee, Jung-Min Kwon, Hyun-Lark Do, Bong-Hwan Kwon, "Asymmetric Resonant Poles Sustainer for Plasma Display Panel," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3425-3428, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new plasma display panel (PDP) sustaining driver using asymmetric resonant poles is proposed. Since asymmetric resonant poles are used for inverting the panel voltage, the flexibility in the rising time and the falling time of the panel voltage is increased. Moreover, all sustain switches are turned on with zero-voltage and a voltage notch across the panel is significantly reduced. Since the proposed circuit is implemented with reduced component counts, it features a simple structure and low cost. The operation principle is presented in detail and a 7.5-in ac PDP equipped with the proposed circuit is investigated.
54.6.57	Dong Sun, "Comments on Active Disturbance Rejection Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3428-3429, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents comments on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) in four aspects as follows: (1) tracking differentiator; (2) nonlinear combination of proportional, integral, and differential errors; (3) extended state observer; and (4) disturbance rejection. Applications of ADRC are briefly introduced.
54.6.58	"Explore IEL IEEE's most comprehensive resource," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3430-3430, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
54.6.59	"2007 Index IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics Vol. 54," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3431-3476, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
54.6.60	"IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. C3-C3, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available
54.6.61	"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics information for authors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. C4-C4, Dec 2007. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Not Available