IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 53,  Number 6, Dec 2006           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



                 Drive Control
53.6.1    C. M. G. Vega Gonzalez, J. R. Rodriguez Arribas, D. P. Ramirez Prieto, "Optimal Regulation of Electric Drives With Constant Load Torque," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1762-1769, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Optimal time trajectories, based on the Pontryagin's maximum principle, are deduced for a squirrel-cage induction motor with constant load torque. These trajectories are valid for acceleration and deceleration with or without the load torque and for a loaded or unloaded motor, and ensure the minimal time transients with the stator current limited to the previously fixed value. Moreover, the optimal trajectories place the motor at the end of the transient at the minimum current point, which is close to the one of maximum efficiency, thus combining the brevity of the transients with the saving of energy. An optimal-time control system that implements these trajectories is designed. The results of the simulation of the proposed control system and the results of the experiments on a real drive are presented

53.6.2    R.-H. Horng, H.-L. Chou, A-C. Lee, "Rejection of Limit Cycles Induced From Disturbance Observers in Motion Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1770-1780, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A disturbance observer (DOB) is generally introduced into motion control systems to eliminate the unwanted disturbance and plant uncertainty. Due to the quantization error from the sensors and D/A converter, DOB-based controller might generate limit cycles which severely decreases positioning accuracy as the system reaches steady-state positioning. This paper presents a sufficient condition for removing limit cycles and explores the condition to design controller parameters. In addition, since the parameters based on the condition make the system sluggish, an adaptive mechanism is introduced not only to maintain the system performance but also to eliminate limit cycles. The experimental results validate the analytical results and also illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method

53.6.3    J.-K. Seok, "Frequency-Spectrum-Based Antiwindup Compensator for PI-Controlled Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1781-1790, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This paper presents a frequency-spectrum-based conditional-integration antiwindup strategy for a general proportional-integral-type controller. The on/off condition of integral action is determined by a frequency-domain analysis of the actuator-input command without prior knowledge of set-point changes. The dynamic performance of the proposed scheme assures a desired tracking-response curve with minimal oscillation and settling time even with a change of operating conditions. This algorithm is useful in many high-performance induction-machine applications, as it does not allow the oscillation and overshoot of speed/torque responses. The main idea can be extended to general applications such as those involving chemical processes and industrial robots

53.6.4    G. Dong, O. Ojo, "Efficiency Optimizing Control of Induction Motor Using Natural Variables," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1791-1798, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This paper presents a new approach of optimizing the efficiency of induction-motor drives through minimizing the copper and core losses. The induction-machine model, which accounts for the varying core-loss resistance and saturation dependent magnetizing inductance, uses natural and reference frame independent quantities as state variables. Utilization of the nonlinear geometric control methodology of input-output linearization with decoupling permits the implementation of the control in the stationary reference frame. This approach eliminates the need of synchronous reference transformation and flux alignment required in classical vector control schemes. The new efficiency optimizing formulation yields a reference rotor flux, which ensures a minimum loss and yields an improved efficiency of the drive system especially when driving part load. The proposed scheme and its advantages are demonstrated both by computer simulations and some experimental results for motor speed control

53.6.5    A. Bouscayrol, M. Pietrzak-David, P. Delarue, R. Pena-Eguiluz, P.-E. Vidal, X. Kestelyn, "Weighted Control of Traction Drives With Parallel-Connected AC Machines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1799-1806, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: AC machines supplied in parallel by a common voltage source inverter are sometimes used in industrial drives and railway traction applications. This reduction of power and control electronics leads to a reduction of cost, weight, and dimensions that is very useful for on-board systems. But this common supply imposes common voltages to all machines and the possibilities of independent behavior are reduced. In this paper, a graphical modeling is suggested to model such parallel drives for a railway application. A weighted control is then systematically deduced from this modeling and different possibilities of control are highlighted. Experimental results are provided to compare two of the deduced controls

53.6.6    A. M. S Mendes, A. J. Marques Cardoso, "Fault-Tolerant Operating Strategies Applied to Three-Phase Induction-Motor Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1807-1817, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis involving several fault-tolerant operating strategies, applied to three-phase induction-motor drives, that intend to compensate for inverter faults. The results presented show the advantages and the inconveniences of several fault-tolerant drive structures, under different control techniques, such as the field-oriented control and the direct torque control. Experimental results concerning the performance of the three-phase induction motor, based on the analysis of some key parameters, like induction-motor efficiency, motor power factor, and harmonic distortion of both motor line currents and phase voltages, will be presented

53.6.7    X. Tu, L.-A. Dessaint, M. El Kahel, A. O. Barry, "A New Model of Synchronous Machine Internal Faults Based on Winding Distribution," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1818-1828, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A synchronous machine internal faults model based on the actual winding arrangement is described in this paper. Based on the winding function approach, the machine inductances are calculated directly from the machine winding distribution, thereby the space harmonics produced by the machine windings are readily taken into account. Moreover, the calculation of the machine inductances is made easier by the use of the machine electrical parameters instead of the geometrical ones. Simulation results for internal faults on a laboratory generator are compared with experimental results to verify the accuracy of the proposed model

53.6.8    J.-H. Jung, B.-H. Kwon, "Corrosion Model of a Rotor-Bar-Under-Fault Progress in Induction Motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1829-1841, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A corrosion model of a rotor-bar-under-fault progress in induction motors is presented for simulations of induction machines with a rotor-bar fault. A rotor-bar model is derived from the electromagnetic theory. A leakage inductance of the corrosion model of a rotor bar is calculated from the relations of magnetic energy, inductance, current, and magnetic-field intensity by Ampere's law. The leakage inductance and resistance of a rotor bar varies when the rotor bar rusts. In addition, the skin effect is considered to establish the practical model of a rotor bar. Consequently, the variation of resistance and leakage inductance has an effect on the results of motor dynamic simulations and experiments, since a corrosive rotor bar is one model of a rotor bar in fault progress. The results of simulations and experiments are shown to be in good agreement with the spectral analysis of stator-current harmonics. From the proposed corrosion model, motor current signature analysis can detect the fault of a corrosive rotor bar as the progress of a rotor-bar fault. Computer simulations were achieved using the MATLAB Simulink with an electrical model of a 3.7-kW, three-phase, and squirrel-cage induction motor. Also, experimental results were obtained by real induction motors, which had the same specification as the electrical model used in the simulation

53.6.9    J.-H. Jung, J.-J. Lee, B.-H. Kwon, "Online Diagnosis of Induction Motors Using MCSA," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1842-1852, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: In this paper, an online induction motor diagnosis system using motor current signature analysis (MCSA) with advanced signal-and-data-processing algorithms is proposed. MCSA is a method for motor diagnosis with stator-current signals. The proposed system diagnoses induction motors having four types of faults such as breakage of rotor bars and end rings, short-circuit of stator windings, bearing cracks, and air-gap eccentricity. Although MCSA is one of the most powerful online methods for diagnosing motor faults, it has some shortcomings, which degrade performance and accuracy of a motor-diagnosis system. Therefore, advanced signal-and-data-processing algorithms are proposed. They are composed of an optimal-slip-estimation algorithm, a proper-sample-selection algorithm, and a frequency auto search algorithm for achieving MCSA efficiently. The proposed system is able to ascertain four kinds of motor faults and diagnose the fault status of an induction motor. Experimental results obtained on 3.7-kW and 30-kW three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors and voltage-source inverters with a vector-control technique are discussed


Power Electronics
53.6.10    J. Meng, W. Ma, Q. Pan, Z. Zhao, L. Zhang, "Noise Source Lumped Circuit Modeling and Identification for Power Converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1853-1861, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: In this paper, a general lumped circuit modeling method is proposed to describe the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) coupling mechanism for the switching power converters. The EMI characteristics of the converters can be analytically deduced from a circuit theoretical viewpoint. The shunt and series impedance insertion method is introduced to identify the differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM) noise impedances and voltage sources. The procedure of parameters estimation for the noise models comprises several simple measurements and is convenient to be implemented. Experimental illustrations are also included to verify the validity of the proposed method. Comparison between the measured and predicted results shows that the EMI modeling method can provide adequate prediction of the EMI feature for power-switching converters

53.6.11    A. Balestrino, D. Corsanini, A. Landi, L. Sani, "Circle-Based Criteria for Performance Evaluation of Controlled DC–DC Switching Converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1862-1869, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An experimental method is proposed to estimate all design specifications represented by circles in the Nyquist plane (e.g., phase margin, sensitivity, and closed-loop bandwidth) in case of closed-loop dc/dc switching converters. The method is based on the complete root contour (CRC) analysis in the root locus plane. All typical specifications for controller design are experimentally checked in case of a boost converter, using only input/output data. The main innovation of this paper is the automatic and systematic application of the CRC method to controlled dc-dc converters. The classic relay-based structure for an experimental estimation of the critical parameters (autotune variation) is compared with a different technique, called sinusoidal autotune variation, more efficient in the case of nonlow-pass systems

53.6.12    R. Jain, N. Mohan, R. Ayyanar, R Button, "A Comprehensive Analysis of Hybrid Phase-Modulated Converter With Current-Doubler Rectifier and Comparison With Its Center-Tapped Counterpart," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1870-1880, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A hybrid phase-modulated converter (HPMC) is a recent innovation in the family of soft-switching converters. It is a promising solution to most soft-switching issues. The principal bottleneck in achieving higher efficiency with this topology is the secondary side loss-mainly the losses in the transformer and the rectifier. For low-voltage high-current power supplies, the current-doubler rectification of HPMC addresses both the transformer conduction losses and the rectifier losses. The presence of an additional path for quiescent current in this scheme gives rise to a third mode of operation. There is also the possibility of magnetic integration of all the magnetic components into one, which can cause substantial reduction in magnetic requirements. These facts make the analysis of current doubler important. In this paper, all the operating modes are identified and corresponding equations and equivalent circuits that aid in filter and control design are derived. The zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) characteristics, filter requirement, small-signal transfer characteristics, device ratings, and magnetics size requirement are considered to compare this configuration with its center-tapped counterpart. The current-doubler scheme is found to have superior soft-switching characteristics in that it can achieve ZVS at lighter loads with a much lower peak magnetizing current in the transformer and leakage inductance. Also, a judicious choice of output current ripple can give an overall reduced magnetics requirement. The analyses are verified by simulation and hardware implementation. HPMC is found to be most advantageous for applications with input voltages essentially constant, but the output voltage widely varying, for example in battery chargers and converters with power factor correction front end

53.6.13    C.-H. Lin, "Digital-Dimming Controller With Current Spikes Elimination Technique for LCD Backlight Electronic Ballast," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1881-1888, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel simple control strategy to improve the ignition behavior of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) in digital-dimming mode is proposed in this paper. Due to restriking manipulation in the digital-dimming mode, the lamp life of CCFL is reduced substantially. For extending the lamp life, a digital-dimming controller with current spikes elimination technique is realized to reduce the high ignition voltage and eliminate the ignition current spike. The half-bridge resonant inverter is employed in the presented backlight system to assess the system performance. Complete analysis and design considerations are discussed in detail in this paper. Experimental results agree with the theoretical prediction. The overall efficiency of the system achieved at the rated power is over 84.9%. The ignition voltage is reduced about 30% without any lamp current spike that occurred under digital-dimming operation

53.6.14    H. Koizumi, T. Mizuno, T. Kaito, Y. Noda, N. Goshima, M. Kawasaki, K. Nagasaka, K. Kurokawa, "A Novel Microcontroller for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1889-1897, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel microcontroller for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. As a prototype model, a 100-W-class module-integrated converter composed of the proposed controller and a flyback inverter has been built and tested. The prototype model is designed to satisfy the Japanese grid-connection guideline. Basic functions as those of a grid-connected PV inverter, such as the maximum-power-point tracking and the anti-islanding protection, have been confirmed in the experiments using a distribution network simulator located in a laboratory. This paper presents the description of the controller and the experimental results. A microcontroller has been developed with a 50-MHz-class microcomputer and simple interfaces. By revising the program, the proposed controller can be applied to various types of PV systems or grid-connected equipment

53.6.15    A. Chen, X. He, "Research on Hybrid-Clamped Multilevel-Inverter Topologies," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1898-1907, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The concept of hybrid clamped is proposed in multilevel-inverter topologies, and a hybrid-clamped multilevel-inverter topology comprising active and passive clamping devices is presented in this paper. In this topology, the dc-link capacitor voltages can be balanced without additional circuitry or separated dc voltage sources, regardless of load characteristics. It can be used in real and reactive power conversion applications. The topology structure, operating principle, and self-voltage balancing ability are analyzed. In addition, the validity is confirmed by simulations and experiments based on a five-level inverter. Finally, the functions of different clamping devices are compared

53.6.16    L. Yacoubi, K. Al-Haddad, L.-A. Dessaint, F. Fnaiech, "Linear and Nonlinear Control Techniques for a Three-Phase Three-Level NPC Boost Rectifier," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1908-1918, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This paper deals with three control techniques for a three-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) boost rectifier to study their relative performance. Linear, nonlinear, and nonlinear model reference adaptive control (MRAC) methods are developed to control power factor (PF) and regulate output and neutral point voltages. These controllers are designed in Simulink and implemented in real time using the DS1104 DSP of dSPACE for validation on a 1.2-kW prototype of an NPC boost rectifier operating at 1.92 kHz. The performance of boost converter with three control methods has been investigated respectively in steady state in terms of line-current harmonic distortion, efficiency, and PF and during transients such as load steps, utility disturbances, reactive power control, and dc-bus voltage tracking behavior. The linear PI controllers are characterized by reduced complexity but poor performance, whereas the nonlinear control technique has improved the converter performance significantly, while nonlinear MRAC exhibits much better performance in a wide operating range


Signal Processing and Control
53.6.17    L. G. B. Barbosa Rolim, D. R. Rodrigues da CostaJr., M. Aredes, "Analysis and Software Implementation of a Robust Synchronizing PLL Circuit Based on the pq Theory," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1919-1926, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This paper presents the analysis and software implementation of a robust synchronizing circuit, i.e., phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit, designed for use in the controller of active power line conditioners. The basic problem consists of designing a PLL circuit that can track accurately and continuously the positive-sequence component at the fundamental frequency and its phase angle even when the system voltage of the bus, to which the active power line conditioner is connected, is distorted and/or unbalanced. The fundamentals of the PLL circuit are discussed. It is shown that the PLL can fail in tracking the system voltage during startup under some adverse conditions. Moreover, it is shown that oscillations caused by the presence of subharmonics can be very critical and can pull the stable point of operation synchronized to that subharmonic frequency. Oscillations at the reference input are also discussed, and the solution of this problem is presented. Finally, experimental and simulation results are shown and compared

53.6.18    X. Li, S. K. Tso, X.-P. Guan, Q. Huang, "Improving Automatic Detection of Defects in Castings by Applying Wavelet Technique," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1927-1934, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: X-ray-based inspection systems are a well-accepted technique for identification and evaluation of internal defects in castings, such as cracks, porosities, and foreign inclusions. In this paper, some images showing typical internal defects in the castings derived from an X-ray inspection system are processed by some traditional methods and wavelet technique in order to facilitate automatic detection of these internal defects. An X-ray inspection system used to detect the internal defects of castings and the typical internal casting defects is first addressed. Second, the second-order derivative and morphology operations, the row-by-row adaptive thresholding, and the two-dimensional (2-D) wavelet transform methods are described as potentially useful processing techniques. The first method can effectively detect air-holes and foreign-inclusion defects, and the second one can be suitable for detecting shrinkage cavities. Wavelet techniques, however, can effectively detect the three typical defects with a selected wavelet base and multiresolution levels. Results indicate that 2-D wavelet transform is a powerful method to analyze images derived from X-ray inspection for automatically detecting typical internal defects in the casting


Robotics and Vision
53.6.19    S. Katsura, K. Ohnishi, "A Realization of Haptic Training System by Multilateral Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1935-1942, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: In recent years, the realization of a haptic system has been desired strongly in the fields of medical treatment and expert's skill acquisition. An integrated system design of the analysis of the interaction between a robot and the environment required for stable contact operation, an observation method of the reaction force from the environment, and the architecture of a bilateral control system are absolutely essential for acquisition and reproduction of a vivid tactile sensation. In this paper, a haptic training system is realized based on multilateral control. The law of action and reaction is attained by three robots. Bilateral control is extended, and multilateral control is introduced. Multilateral control is designed similarly as bilateral control based on modal decomposition; force is controlled in the common mode, and position is controlled in the differential mode. The scaling factors of position and force are set independently. Therefore, it is possible to change a trainer's assistant force according to a trainee's skill level. The proposed training system based on multilateral control will be a fundamental technology for the evolution of haptic devices

53.6.20    J. Lastowiecki, P. Staszewski, "Sliding Transformer With Long Magnetic Circuit for Contactless Electrical Energy Delivery to Mobile Receivers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1943-1948, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A new type of sliding transformer with long magnetic core and movable secondary winding is presented. The basic transformer configurations and wiring are described. The magnetic flux distribution along the magnetic circuit and its influence on transformer parameters are discussed and examined. Also, the leakage inductance of the transformer primary winding, as the main cause of voltage drop and energy losses, has been discussed. The main experimental results of transformer model investigation are presented in this paper

53.6.21    "2006 Index," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1951-1976, Dec 2006.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Not Available