IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 51, Number 3, June 2004 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

Drive Control

51.3.1	Jian-Xin Xu, S.K. Panda, Ya-Jun Pan, Tong Heng Lee, B.H. Lam, "A modular control scheme for PMSM speed control with pulsating torque minimization," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 526- 536, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In this paper, a modular control approach is applied to a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed control. Based on the functioning of the individual module, the modular approach enables the powerfully intelligent and robust control modules to easily replace any existing module which does not perform well, meanwhile retaining other existing modules which are still effective. Property analysis is first conducted for the existing function modules in a conventional PMSM control system: proportional-integral (PI) speed control module, reference current-generating module, and PI current control module. Next, it is shown that the conventional PMSM controller is not able to reject the torque pulsation which is the main hurdle when PMSM is used as a high-performance servo. By virtue of the internal model, to ify the torque pulsation it is imperative to incorporate an internal model in the feed-through path. This is achieved by replacing the reference current-generating module with an iterative learning control (ILC) module. The ILC module records the cyclic torque and reference current signals over one entire cycle, and then uses those signals to update the reference current for the next cycle. As a consequence, the torque pulsation can be reduced significantly. In order to estimate the torque ripples which may exceed certain bandwidth of a torque transducer, a novel torque estimation module using a gain-shaped sliding-mode observer is further developed to facilitate the implementation of torque learning control. The proposed control system is evaluated through real-time implementation and experimental results validate the effectiveness.
51.3.2	D. Simon, D.L. Feucht, "Synchronous motor phase control by vector addition of induced winding voltages," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 537- 544, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: We propose a simple low-cost approach to the winding-sensed control of three-phase synchronous permanent-magnet motors. Our approach results from a straightforward but elegant application of vector-based motor theory. The method therefore does not depend on the differential equations that describe the motor dynamics, and it does not depend on the particular motor parameters. The single method we derive applies to both wye- and delta-configured motors. We vectorially sum the voltage waveforms at the motor terminals in a certain way and use their zero crossings to produce a correctly phased six-step switch sequence. We discuss the implementation for both wye- and delta-configured motors, and we present experimental results for a delta-configured implementation.
51.3.3	Young Ahn Kwon, Sung Hwan Kim, "A new scheme for speed-sensorless control of induction motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 545- 550, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Various control algorithms have been proposed for the speed-sensorless control of an induction motor. These sensorless algorithms are mainly based on the speed feedback with the flux and speed estimations. This paper proposes a new scheme for the speed-sensorless control of an induction motor. The proposed scheme is based on the current estimation without the flux and speed estimations, in which the controlled stator voltage is applied to the induction motor so that the difference between stator currents of the mathematical model and motor may be forced to decay to zero. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified through simulation and experiment.
51.3.4	Li Ran, Yong Liao, "Sampling-induced resonance in an encoderless vector-controlled induction motor drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 551- 557, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper illustrates an effect of sampling in an encoderless vector-controlled induction motor drive with a digital controller. The analysis focuses on the speed observer and the speed control loop which is executed at discrete instants. It is shown that the estimated speed can fluctuate between samples in the speed loop and cause a sustained resonance via feedback. The shaft inertia is not available to smooth the ripple of the estimated speed and the associated resonance could adversely affect the inverter and machine. An analytical model is proposed to evaluate the risk of such a condition in the design and on-site adjustment of control gains. The requirement for a smoothing filter in the speed loop is identified.
51.3.5	T.W.S. Chow, Shi Hai, "Induction machine fault diagnostic analysis with wavelet technique," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 558- 565, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A wavelet transform based method was developed for diagnosing machine faults operating at different rotating speeds. This paper shows that machine fault diagnosis can be effectively performed when an appropriate narrow-band filter is used to extract the required spectra components. A wavelets-transform-based technique is used to design specified narrow filter banks. This enables effective machine fault diagnostic analysis to be performed in the frequency domain. Gaussian-enveloped oscillation-type wavelet is employed. By matching the wavelet basis functions with the associated faulty signals, the required narrow filter banks are obtained. As a result, the detection and diagnosis of machine faults operating at different rotating speeds are made possible. The proposed technique was thoroughly tested at different rotating speeds. Power Electronics
51.3.6	G. Moschopoulos, P.K. Jain, "A novel single-phase soft-switched rectifier with unity power factor and minimal component count," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 566- 576, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A novel, single-phase soft-switched boost AC-DC rectifier that operates with power-factor correction is proposed in this paper. The rectifier is a modified boost voltage-doubler converter well suited for low-line-input applications. It operates with fewer conduction losses and half the switch voltage stresses found in a standard boost converter. Soft switching in the converter is achieved using a zero-current-switching quasi-resonant technique. In the paper, the converter and its modes of operation are discussed and analyzed. The method of control is explained, and a design procedure is derived and then demonstrated with an example. The feasibility of the converter is shown with experimental results obtained from a prototype.
51.3.7	Chung-Wook Roh, Seung-Hoon Han, Sung-Soo Hong, Sug-Chin Sakong, Myung-Joong Youn, "Dual-coupled inductor-fed DC/DC converter for battery drive applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 577- 584, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new isolated boost DC/DC converter suitable for a low-input-voltage application is introduced. The proposed converter features low switch current stresses, wide range of input voltage, and inherent inrush current protection, essential for the design of a low-to-high-voltage conversion circuit. A comparative analysis and experimental results are presented to show the validity of the proposed converter.
51.3.8	H. Abu-Rub, J. Guzinski, Z. Krzeminski, H.A. Toliyat, "Predictive current control of voltage-source inverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 585- 593, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new predictive current controller for a voltage-source inverter is presented in this paper. Practical aspects of realizing the new controller in a system with a digital signal processor (DSP) are considered. Delays introduced by measurements are considered and an improved algorithm with one-period prediction of current is presented. The controller was realized in an experimental system with DSP and field-programmable gate array circuits. Results of the simulations and experiments are presented.
51.3.9	Fang Lin Luo, Hong Ye, "Positive output multiple-lift push-pull switched-capacitor Luo-converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 594- 602, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Micro-power-consumption technique requires high-power-density dc/dc converters and power supply source. Voltage lift technique is a popular method to apply in electronic circuit design. Since a switched capacitor can be integrated into a power IC chip, its size is small. Combining switched-capacitor and voltage lift technique can construct dc/dc converters with small size, high power density, high-voltage transfer gain, high power efficiency, and low electromagnetic interference. This paper introduces a new series of dc/dc converters-positive output multiple-lift push-pull switched-capacitor dc/dc Luo-converters.
51.3.10	R. Cardenas, R. Pena, G.M. Asher, J. Clare, R. Blasco-Gimenez, "Control strategies for power smoothing using a flywheel driven by a sensorless vector-controlled induction machine operating in a wide speed range," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 603- 614, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a novel control strategy for power smoothing. The system is based on a sensorless vector-controlled induction machine driving a flywheel. The problem of regulating the DC-link voltage against input power surges or sudden changes in load demand is addressed. The induction machine is controlled to operate in a wide speed range by using flux weakening above rated speed. A model reference adaptive system observer is used to obtain the rotational speed in the whole speed range. The observer parameters are adapted during flux weakening in order to obtain close tracking of the flywheel speed. Experimental results for the operation of the induction machine between zero to more than twice base speed are presented and discussed.
51.3.11	Jun-Young Lee, Jin-Sung Kim, Nam-Sung Jung, Bo-Hyung Cho, "The current injection method for AC plasma display panel (PDP) sustainer," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 615- 624, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new concept of energy recovery for a plasma display panel (PDP) is proposed. Different from conventional LC resonant sustaining drivers, the current built up before inverting the polarity of the panel electrodes is utilized to change the panel polarity together with energy previously charged in panel capacitance. This operation provides zero-voltage switching of switches and reduction of electromagnetic interference by rejecting the surge current when the sustain switches are turned on. The buildup current helps to reduce the transition time of the panel polarity and may produce more stable light waveforms. This method is suitable for a PDP sustaining driver requiring stable light emission characteristic while it maintains low circuit loss like the series-resonant-type energy recovery circuit which is known to be a very effective method.
51.3.12	H. Matsuo, Wenzhong Lin, F. Kurokawa, T. Shigemizu, N. Watanabe, "Characteristics of the multiple-input DC-DC converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 625- 631, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In the zero-emission electric power generation system, a multiple-input DC-DC converter is useful to obtain the regulated output voltage from several input power sources such as a solar array, wind generator, fuel cell, and so forth. A new multiple-input DC-DC converter is proposed and analyzed. As a result, the static and dynamic characteristics are clarified theoretically, and the results are confirmed by experiment.
51.3.13	N.P. Papanikolaou, E.C. Tatakis, "Active voltage clamp in flyback converters operating in CCM mode under wide load variation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 632- 640, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Active clamp topologies of low power dissipation have become a very attractive solution in order to limit overvoltages in flyback converters. Although many suitable topologies have been introduced for the case of discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), where the duty cycle value depends on the load level, in continuous conduction mode (CCM) it is more difficult to appropriately design such topologies so as to "sense" load changes-due to the small duty cycle divergence under wide load variation. Taking for granted that in order to achieve high power-factor correction in these converters, CCM is a more attractive mode of operation, a drastic solution for this case that will manage to eliminate voltage stresses under wide load changes has become very essential. For this purpose, this paper presents an active clamp topology with small power dissipation, suitable for flyback converters operating in CCM mode. Its main idea is the use of a load-dependent current source, consisting of an auxiliary converter operating in DCM mode. Experimental results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed topology under wide load changes, establishing it as an appropriate solution in order to develop flyback converters, even at the power range of 500 W.
51.3.14	B. Singh, B.N. Singh, A. Chandra, K. Al-Haddad, A. Pandey, D.P. Kothari, "A review of three-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 641- 660, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Three-phase AC-DC converters have been developed to a matured level with improved power quality in terms of power-factor correction, reduced total harmonic distortion at input AC mains, and regulated DC output in buck, boost, buck-boost, multilevel, and multipulse modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. This paper presents an exhaustive review of three-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters (IPQCs) configurations, control strategies, selection of components, comparative factors, recent trends, their suitability, and selection for specific applications. It is aimed at presenting a state of the art on the IPQC technology to researchers, designers, and application engineers dealing with three-phase AC-DC converters. A classified list of around 450 research articles on IPQCs is also appended for a quick reference.
51.3.15	A. Emadi, "Modeling and analysis of multiconverter DC power electronic systems using the generalized state-space averaging method," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 661- 668, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a modular approach for the modeling and simulation of multiconverter DC power electronic systems based on the generalized state-space averaging method. These systems may consist of many individual converters connected together to form large and complex systems. In addition to simplifying the analysis procedure, by using the proposed method, the time step for analysis of the system can be increased. Therefore, the required computation time and computer memory for complex systems can be reduced considerably. In this paper, after introducing the proposed approach, results of applying the method to a representative system are presented.
51.3.16	B.A. Welchko, M.B. de Rossiter Correa, T.A. Lipo, "A three-level MOSFET inverter for low-power drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 669- 674, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper proposes operating a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter using a two-level pulsewidth-modulation method. This allows for the clamping diodes to be rated at a fraction of the main switches due to their low average current requirement. The use of a bootstrap charge pump as a low-cost method to obtain the isolated gate drive power supplies is extended for use with the NPC topology. Using this control method and circuits, an inverter based on high-volume, low-cost, low-voltage power MOSFETs is experimentally demonstrated as a possible economic alternative to an insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor-based drive for 120-Vrms-supplied systems.
51.3.17	Wei Wen, Kam-Wah Siu, Yim-Shu Lee, "Design of a single-switch high-power-factor regulator with near-zero output current ripple," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 675- 685, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The characteristics of a novel single-switch high-power-factor regulator with low output current ripple are studied. By employing a modified-boost converter cell as the input stage and a double-ended forward converter cell as the output stage, a high power factor and near-zero output current ripple are achieved. This regulator also eliminates the need for an extra clamping switch to recycle the transformer leakage energy and to reduce the switch voltage stress. The analysis, design, simulation, and experimental results are reported to verify the operation and performance of the proposed regulator. Emerging Technology
51.3.18	M.J. Embrechts, S. Benedek, "Hybrid identification of nuclear power plant transients with artificial neural networks," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 686- 693, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Proper and rapid identification of malfunctions (transients) is of premier importance for the safe operation of nuclear power plants. Feedforward neural networks trained with the backpropagation (BP) algorithm are frequently applied to model simulated nuclear power plant malfunctions. The correct identification of unlabeled transients-or transients of the "don't-know" type have proven to be especially challenging. A novel hybrid neural network methodology is presented which also correctly classifies the unlabeled transients. From this analysis the importance for properly accommodating practical aspects such as the drift of electronics elements of a simulator, the digitization of simulated and actual plant signals, and the accumulating errors during numerical integration became obvious. Beside the feedforward neural networks trained with the BP algorithm, many other types of networks and codes were used for finding the best (sensitive and robust) algorithms. Various neural network based models were successfully applied to identify labeled and unlabeled malfunctions of the Hungarian Paks nuclear power plant simulator. The BP and probabilistic methods have been proven as the most robust against the misleading recognition of unlabeled malfunctions.
51.3.19	N. Gebraeel, M. Lawley, R. Liu, V. Parmeshwaran, "Residual life predictions from vibration-based degradation signals: a neural network approach," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 694- 700, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Maintenance of mechanical and rotational equipment often includes bearing inspection and/or replacement. Thus, it is important to identify current as well as future conditions of bearings to avoid unexpected failure. Most published research in this area is focused on diagnosing bearing faults. In contrast, this paper develops neural-network-based models for predicting bearing failures. An experimental setup is developed to perform accelerated bearing tests where vibration information is collected from a number of bearings that are run until failure. This information is then used to train neural network models on predicting bearing operating times. Vibration data from a set of validation bearings are then applied to these network models. Resulting predictions are then used to estimate the bearing failure time. These predictions are then compared with the actual lives of the validation bearings and errors are computed to evaluate the effectiveness of each model. For the best model, we find that 64% of predictions are within 10% of actual bearing life, while 92% of predictions are within 20% of the actual life.
51.3.20	Kyung Chang Lee, Hyun Hee Kim, Suk Lee, Man Hyung Lee, "Timer selection for satisfying the maximum allowable delay using performance model of profibus token passing protocol," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 701- 710, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Recently, the Fieldbus has become an indispensable component for many automated systems. In the Fieldbus system, real-time data containing sensor values and control commands have a tendency to rapidly lose their value as time elapses after its creation. In order to deliver these data in time, the fieldbus network should be designed to have a short delay compared to the maximum allowable delay. Because the communication delay is affected by performance parameters such as the target rotation timer of token passing protocol, it is necessary to select proper parameter settings to satisfy the real-time requirement for communication delay. This paper presents the timer selection method for Profibus token passing networks using a genetic algorithm to meet the delay requirements. Robotics and Vision
51.3.21	Min-Jung Lee, Young-Kiu Choi, "An adaptive neurocontroller using RBFN for robot manipulators," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 711- 717, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In recent years, neural networks have fulfilled the promise of providing model-free learning controllers for nonlinear systems; however, it is very difficult to guarantee the stability and robustness of neural network control systems. This paper proposes an adaptive neurocontroller for robot manipulators based on the radial basis function network (RBFN). The RBFN is a branch of neural networks and is mathematically tractable. Therefore, we adopt the RBFN to approximate nonlinear robot dynamics. The RBFN generates control input signals based on the Lyapunov stability that is often used in the conventional control schemes. A saturation function is also chosen as an auxiliary controller to guarantee the stability and robustness of the control system under the external disturbances and modeling uncertainties.
51.3.22	Joon Seop Oh, Yoon Ho Choi, Jin Bae Park, Y.F. Zheng, "Complete coverage navigation of cleaning robots using triangular-cell-based map," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 718- 726, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach for navigation of cleaning robots in an unknown workspace. To do so, we propose a new map representation method as well as a complete coverage navigation method. First, we discuss a triangular cell map representation which makes the cleaning robot navigate with a shorter path and increased flexibility than a rectangular cell map representation. Then, we propose the complete coverage navigation and map construction methods which enable the cleaning robot to navigate the complete workspace without complete information about the environment. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our proposed triangular cell map via the existing distance-transform-based path-planning method comparing it to that of the rectangular cell map. Also, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods through computer simulations. Letters to the Editor
51.3.23	F. Jurado, "Neural network control for dynamic voltage restorer," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 727- 729, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The dynamic voltage restorer is a power electronic device which has demonstrated its ability to protect sensitive loads from the effects of voltage sags. This compensator is connected in series with the distribution feeder. A neural network control is proposed. Simulation results are shown to validate these control methods.
51.3.24	Z.H. Shao, "Robust stability of uncertain neutral delay systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 730- 733, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The stability of a linear neutral delay-differential system is studied, where both the system matrices and time delays may be uncertain. A sufficient condition is derived to guarantee the perturbed system is robustly stable. The computation of acceptable upper bounds for system matrix uncertainties and time-delay perturbations is also discussed, and an example is finally illustrated.
51.3.25	K.C. Wu, "A comprehensive analysis of current-mode control for DCM buck-boost converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 733- 735, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Comprehensive analyses for the buck-boost, pulse width modulation DC/DC converters applying peak current current-mode control are given. The analysis provides closed-form solutions for steady-state output, small-signal loop gain, and conducted susceptibility. It also proves that the state-space averaged model developed for converter using a single-loop voltage-mode control is valid for a current-mode-controlled converter.
51.3.26	R.J. Mantz, H. De Battista, "Comments on "variable-structure PID control to prevent integrator windup"," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 736- 738, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In the paper by Hodel and Hall, the authors introduce a variable-structure proportional-integral-derivative controller with antiwindup features and compare it with other simple antiwindup methods. It is pointed out here that the conclusions reached from the comparative example are incorrect as the performance of the controllers is not appropriately compared.
51.3.27	A.S. Hodel, C.E. Hall, "Authors' reply to comments on "variable-structure PID control to prevent integrator windup"," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 738- 739, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: For comments by R.J. Mantz and H. De Battisa see ibid. (vol. 51, p736-38, June 2004) . For original paper by A. S. Hodel and C. E. Hall see ibid.(vol.48, p442-51, April 2001).
51.3.28	L.U. Gokdere, M.A. Simaan, C.W. Brice, "Response to comments on "passivity-based control of saturated induction motors"," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 739, June 2004. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: For original paper by L. U. Gokdere et al. see ibid.(vol.48, p870-72, Aug. 2001) Contrary to the claims made in the comments to our paper, by R. T. Novotnak and J. Chiasson see ibid.(vol.50, p820-21, Aug. 2003), the passivity-based controller developed for induction motors has already been tested on the same demanding trajectories used for the input-output linearization controller. The experimental results show that the passivity-based controller provides closer tracking of the same mechanical trajectory, when compared with the input-output linearization controller.