IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 50, Number 2, April 2003 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

Drive Control

50.2.1	D. Telford, M.W. Dunnigan, B.W. Williams, "Online identification of induction machine electrical parameters for vector control loop tuning," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 253- 261, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In a vector-controlled induction machine drive, accurate knowledge of the machine electrical parameters is required to ensure correct alignment of the stator current vector relative to the rotor flux vector, to decouple the fluxand torque-producing currents and to tune the current control loops. This paper presents a new method for online identification of the induction machine parameters required to tune a rotor-flux-oriented (RFO) vector control scheme. Accuracy of the slip frequency estimation required for RFO vector control is achieved by utilizing the parameter independent "flux pulse" rotor time constant estimation scheme, which utilizes short-duration pulses injected into the flux-producing current. The parameters required to tune the synchronous frame current control loops with a decoupling circuit are estimated using a recursive estimation scheme derived from the synchronous frame voltage equations. As the "flux pulse" scheme requires signal injection into the flux-producing current a new rotor time constant estimation scheme is presented, based on the sensitivity analysis of the recursive parameter estimation scheme. Simulation and experimental results are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of the online parameter identification and control loop tuning technique.
50.2.2	J. Faiz, S.H. Mohseni-Zonoozi, "A novel technique for estimation and control of stator flux of a salient-pole PMSM in DTC method based on MTPF," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 262- 271, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) can be controlled using the direct torque control (DTC) technique in three different ways, i.e., by controlling flux, reactive torque and rotor d-axis current. Frequently, the DTC technique controls the speed of the motor by controlling stator flux with the aim of obtaining an optimal torque. A varying flux, proportional to the torque, may be used instead of a fixed flux, resulting in a maximum torque per ampere or maximum torque per flux (MTPF). In this paper, a reference-flux-generating method is followed to achieve the MTPF. An approximate equation is then derived using numerical techniques in order to obtain the reference flux from the torque. This equation is then applied to the DTC control system in order to obtain the reference flux. The control scheme has been verified by simulation and tests on a salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motor.
50.2.3	Wai-Chuen Gan, Li Qiu, "Design and analysis of a plug-in robust compensator: an application to indirect-field-oriented-control induction machine drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 272- 282, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: It is well known that the system performance for an indirect-field-oriented-control induction motor drive degrades under the variation of rotor resistance and in the presence of external load torque. In this paper, a plug-in robust compensator for speed and position control enhancement of an indirect-field-oriented-control induction machine drive is developed. In the case where a controller for the induction machine already exists or is in operation with satisfactory nominal tracking performance, this plug-in compensator, designed using the H/sub /spl infin// loop-shaping techniques, can be plugged into the existing controller without affecting the already satisfactory nominal tracking performance of the existing closed-loop system but with the capability to improve the system performance under plant parameter variations and in the presence of external disturbances. Simulation and experimental results are given to validate the proposed plug-in robust compensator.
50.2.4	J. Luukko, M. Niemela, J. Pyrhonen, "Estimation of the flux linkage in a direct-torque-controlled drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 283- 287, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An improved integration method is presented for the estimation of the stator flux linkage for speed- and position-sensorless direct-torque-controlled AC machine drives. The method is based on monitoring the scalar product of the estimated stator flux linkage and the measured stator current. The AC part of the scalar product is extracted using filtering and the correction for the estimated stator flux linkage is formed from that part. Adequate performance is obtained by using simple low-pass filtering. By using adaptive filtering in the extraction, the performance of the drive is excellent. Both simulation and laboratory test results are presented, which show that the presented method works well both in steady state and in transients.
50.2.5	Zhiqian Chen, M. Tomita, S. Doki, S. Okuma, "An extended electromotive force model for sensorless control of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 288- 295, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: During the last decade, many sensorless control methods have been proposed for surface permanent-magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs) based on the estimation of electromotive force (EMF) in which the motor's position information is contained. However, these methods cannot be applied to interior PMSMs (IPMSMs) directly, because the position information is contained in not only the EMF, but also the inductance of stators. In this paper, a new mathematical model for IPMSMs is proposed and an extended EMF is defined, which includes both position information from the EMF and the stator inductance. By using the newly proposed model, sensorless controls proposed for SPMSMs can easily be applied to IPMSMs. As an example, a disturbance observer is studied and the experimental results show that the proposed method on the proposed model is very effective.
50.2.6	G.G. Yen, Liang-Wei Ho, "Online multiple-model-based fault diagnosis and accommodation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 296- 312, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: While most research attention has been focused on fault detection and diagnosis, much less research effort has been devoted to failure accommodation. Due to the inherent complexity of nonlinear systems, most model-based analytical redundancy fault diagnosis and accommodation (FDA) studies deal with the linear systems, which are subjected to simple additive or multiplicative faults. This assumption has limited the effectiveness and usefulness in practical applications. In this paper, the online fault accommodation (FA) control problems under multiple catastrophic or incipient failures are investigated. The main interest is focused on dealing with the unanticipated component failures in the most general formulation. Through discrete-time Lyapunov stability theory, the sufficient conditions to guarantee the system online stability and to meet performance criteria under failures are derived. A systematic procedure for proper FA under the unanticipated failures is developed. The approach is to combine the control technique derived from discrete-time Lyapunov theory with the modern intelligent technique that is capable of self-optimization and online adaptation for real-time failure estimation. In addition, a complete architecture of FDA is proposed by incorporating the intelligent fault tolerant control strategy with a cost-effective fault detection scheme and a multiple-model based failure diagnosis process to efficiently handle the false alarms and the accommodation of both the anticipated and unanticipated failures in online situations. The simulation results, including a three-tank benchmark problem, substantiate the feasibility study of the proposed FDA framework and provide a promising potential to spin-off applications in industrial and aerospace engineering.
50.2.7	M. Salo, H. Tuusa, "A novel open-loop control method for a current-source active power filter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 313- 321, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a new control system for a current-source active power filter. The harmonic current compensation is realized using only a feedforward control of the load currents. The LC filter resonance of the converter is damped in an open-loop manner using the dynamic equations of the supply filter. The benefits of the proposed control system are that it is simple and straightforward, the number of measurements and sensors can be minimized, and also that the LC filter size can be optimized according to proper harmonic distortion level of the supply currents without care about the stability issues of the closed-loop system. This usually leads to reduction of the filter size. Also, the changes in fundamental current components of the active filter can be effectively realized when the active power filter can also be used as a fast reactive power compensator. The control system also includes the calculation delay compensation of the digital control system. The control system is realized using a single-chip Motorola MPC555 microcontroller. The tests with the prototype show effective current harmonic compensating performance of the nonlinear loads. Power Electronics
50.2.8	O. Garcia, M.D. Martinez-Avial, J.A. Cobos, J. Uceda, J. Gonzalez, J.A. Navas, "Harmonic reducer converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 322- 327, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new strategy to accomplish low-frequency Regulation EN 61000-3-2 at system level is proposed in this paper. By means of a simple converter, connected in parallel with the loads, the harmonic currents generated by them are greatly reduced, it being unnecessary to include additional power-factor-correction converters. This approach is based on the well-known parallel active power filters, but the difference is that it is placed on the DC side. Its position, at the rectified line voltage, produces some important advantages such as a simple power stage, a simple analog control, and flexibility in the design of the system. Moreover, this converter features high efficiency and small size. The experimental results show the benefits of this solution.
50.2.9	Sangsun Kim, P.N. Enjeti, "A modular single-phase power-factor-correction scheme with a harmonic filtering function," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 328- 335, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Power supply systems in telecommunication applications employ several parallel-connected AC-to-DC and DC-to-DC power converters. Such a system offers modularity, redundancy, and is easily scalable to higher power levels. Such parallel-connected systems normally consist of several single-phase power-factor-correction (PFC) stages connected to the same input utility. In this paper, a modular single-phase PFC scheme with an integrated harmonic filtering function is presented. The proposed approach demonstrates that, with suitable modifications to the PFC control, harmonic filtering capability can be added. In other words, the PFC stage can compensate for harmonics generated by other rectifier loads connected to the same AC input terminals. The paper presents an example employing three AC-DC rectifier stages with only one AC-DC rectifier stage with PFC capability. It is shown that one PFC stage with the proposed control can compensate for harmonics generated by the other two uncompensated rectifier stages. Results from a laboratory prototype system demonstrate that the overall system meets the EN 61000-3-2 harmonic limits.
50.2.10	Chien-Ming Wang, Guan-Chyun Hsieh, "Nonlinear-control strategy for the half-bridge series-resonant inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 336- 348, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper concerns the analysis and design of the half-bridge series-resonant inverter with nonlinear-control strategy. A zero-current-switching (ZCS) half-bridge series-resonant inverter with nonlinear control is built. The presented circuit topology is simply configured by two power switches and one output filter. Only one conduction loss of the power switch is present in the power flow path during the inversion period. A turn-on ZCS for the power switch is achieved by an auxiliary resonant cell built before the output choke. The nonlinear-control strategy is designed against the input DC perturbation and achieves good dynamic regulation for the sinusoidal pulsewidth-modulation control. A state-space averaging approach is employed to analyze the system. A design example of a 500-W inverter is examined to assess the inverter performance and it provides high power efficiency above 91% under the rated power.
50.2.11	Hee-Jhung Park, Myung-Joong Youn, "A new time-domain discontinuous space-vector PWM technique in overmodulation region," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 349- 355, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new discontinuous modulation method based on space-vector control is proposed and analyzed. The proposed technique employs a pulse-dropping method and is designed in the time domain. It features a very wide modulation range while maintaining the required waveform qualities and switching numbers in the overmodulation region. Since the modulation method and modulation index equation are simple, the proposed technique can be easily implemented by software and is applicable to the overmodulation region in ac motor drives. The performance indexes are discussed and experiments have been performed.
50.2.12	M. Ochiai, H. Matsuo, "An AC/DC converter with high power factor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 356- 361, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The television receiver often employs a capacitor-input-type rectifier. In this case, it is regulated as a class D piece of equipment. This paper presents a novel ringing-choke-converter-type switching regulator, which functions as an active filter. The proposed circuit features a simple circuit configuration and cost effectiveness. It achieves a high power factor of about 0.95 and reduces current harmonics (third, fifth, and seventh) in the AC input current to less than 40% of the limit value for class D. The voltage across the input smoothing capacitor does not show large variations and the components in the conventional ringing-choke converter can be used unmodified. Ripple content of the DC output voltage shows a slight increase and is the subject for future research.
50.2.13	P.J.C. Branco, J.A. Dente, R.V. Mendes, "Using immunology principles for fault detection," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 362- 373, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The immune system is a cognitive system of complexity comparable to the brain and its computational algorithms suggest new solutions to engineering problems or new ways of looking at these problems. Using immunological principles, a two- (or three-) module algorithm is developed which is capable of launching a specific response to an anomalous situation for diagnostic purposes. Experimental results concerning fault detection in an induction motor are presented as an example illustrating how the immune-based system operates, discussing its capabilities, drawbacks, and future developments. Emerging Technology
50.2.14	Oui-Serg Kim, Sang-Ho Lee, Dong-Chul Han, "Positioning performance and straightness error compensation of the magnetic levitation stage supported by the linear magnetic bearing," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 374- 378, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper reports high-precision motion control at the target position and the offline compensation of the straightness error occurring during the motion of the magnetically levitated stage supported by the linear magnetic bearing. The linear magnetic bearing is composed of electromagnets and sensors in the same module to enable easy maintenance and to reduce the machining error, and the conventional linear quadratic Gaussian control is adopted for the motion control of the stage. The test results show that the stage can compensate the straightness error precisely, so that it is expected that this stage can be applied to high-precision linear motion applications.
50.2.15	Ki-Hyeon Park, Dong Eon Kim, Seong-Hoon Jeong, Bongkoo Kang, "Laminated magnetic flux sensor for thick-steel-plate control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 379- 384, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: This paper presents a rugged magnetic flux sensor, which can measure the thickness of steel plates and can operate reliably in the poor environment of a warehouse for thick steel plates. The sensor, consisting of a laminated sensing plate and a sensing coil, has a size of 6/spl times/6 cm/sup 2/, and it is embedded inside the core of a lifting magnet. Depending on the thickness of steel plates attached on the lifting magnet, the magnetic permeability of the core and the sensing plate changes. The thickness of steel plates is indirectly measured by measuring the changes in the magnetic flux density of the sensor. The measurement sensitivity of the magnetic flux sensor with laminated sensing plate is much better than that of a sensor with a solid sensing plate. With a proper procedure for securing measurement reliability, it is demonstrated that the sensor can measure up to 13 sheets of 6-mm steel plate.
50.2.16	Kao-Shing Hwang, Ming-Yi Ju, Yu-Jen Chen, "Speed alteration strategy for multijoint robots in co-working environment," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 385- 393, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A collision-free trajectory planning method based on speed alternation strategy for multijoint manipulators in overlapped working envelopes is proposed. Since the shape of a robot's link is usually rectangular or cylindrical approximately, the proposed method models a robot's link mathematically by quadric primitives, such as ellipsoids and spheres. The occurrence of collisions between links can be predicted easily by means of relative coordinate transformations and geometric deformations between those ellipsoids. Furthermore, the collision-trend index which is defined by projecting the ellipsoids geometrically onto the Gaussian distribution plays a significant role in searching the optimal resolution in the proposed collision-avoidance method. Experiments with two Motoman robots from the YASUKAWAI Company are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods. Robotics and Vision
50.2.17	M. Ghone, M. Schubert, J.R. Wagner, "Development of a mechatronics laboratory-eliminating barriers to manufacturing instrumentation and control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 394- 397, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The integration of electronics, sensors, actuators, and microprocessor technology into manufacturing processes and consumer products is requiring engineers to possess greater mechatronics knowledge. Students must be encouraged to embrace a mechatronics perspective through combined classroom and "hands-on" laboratory activities to develop critical systems skills for multidisciplinary teams. In this paper, laboratory experiments and their accompanying learning objectives are introduced and discussed which highlight key industrial technologies and establish a foundation for skill achievement. Letters to the Editor
50.2.18	Moon-Sik Lee, Yong-Hoon Kim, "An efficient multitarget tracking algorithm for car applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 397- 399, April 2003. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new and efficient tracking algorithm for vehicle collision warning and collision avoidance systems using car radar is proposed. The target-to-measurement data association is accomplished using the decision logic algorithm based on order statistics. The simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate its performance.