IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 49,  Number 3, June 2002           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



                 Drive Control
49.3.1    M.C. Saaj, B. Bandyopadhyay, H. Unbehauen, "A new algorithm for discrete-time sliding-mode control using fast output sampling feedback," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 518-523, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This paper presents a new approach for sliding-mode control (SMC) of discrete-time systems using the reaching law approach together with the fast output sampling (FOS) feedback technique. This method does not need the system states for feedback as it makes use of only the output samples for designing the controller. Thus, this methodology is more practical and easy to implement. A numerical example demonstrates the design technique. Simulation results show that the proposed FOS SMC technique produces the same results as obtained by state feedback SMC technique

49.3.2    Kyeong-Hwa Kim, Myung-Joong Youn, "A nonlinear speed control for a PM synchronous motor using a simple disturbance estimation technique," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 524-535, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A nonlinear speed control for a permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous motor using a simple disturbance estimation technique is presented. By using a feedback linearization scheme, the nonlinear motor model can be linearized in the Brunovski canonical form, and the speed controller can be easily designed based on the linearized model. This technique, however, gives an undesirable output performance under the mismatch of the system parameters and load conditions. An adaptive linearization technique and a sliding-mode control technique have been reported. Although good performance can be obtained, the controller designs are quite complex. To overcome this drawback, the controller parameters are estimated by using a disturbance observer theory where the disturbance torque and flux linkage are estimated. Since only the two reduced-order observers are used for the parameter estimation, the observer designs are considerably simple and the computational load of the controller for parameter estimation is negligibly small. The nonlinear disturbances caused by the incomplete linearization can be effectively compensated by using this control scheme. Thus, a desired dynamic performance and a zero steady-state error can be obtained. The proposed control scheme is implemented on a PM synchronous motor using a digital signal processor (TMS320C31) and the effectiveness is verified through the comparative simulations and experiments

49.3.3    A.J. Chipperfield, B. Bica, P.J. Fleming, "Fuzzy scheduling control of a gas turbine aero-engine: a multiobjective approach," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 536-548, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This paper investigates the use of a nonconventional approach to control a gas turbine aero-engine. The rationale behind this study is the need to develop advanced tools and techniques that can assist in improving the performance of the system and simultaneously enhance the flexibility of the control strategy. Modern techniques are required for many complex systems where increasingly strict performance and regulatory requirements must be achieved. This is particularly true of aerospace systems where consideration of safety, reliability, maintainability, and environmental impact are all necessary as part of the control requirements. This paper investigates a combination of two such potential techniques: fuzzy logic and evolutionary algorithms. Emerging from new requirements for gas turbine aero-engine control, a flexible gain scheduler is developed and analyzed. A hierarchical multiobjective genetic algorithm is employed to search and optimize the potential solutions for a wide envelope controller covering idle, cruise, and full-power conditions. The overall strategy is demonstrated to be a straightforward and feasible method of refining the control system performance and increasing its flexibility

49.3.4    Sangcheol Lee, Kwanghee Nam, "An overvoltage suppression scheme for AC motor drives using a half DC-link voltage level at each PWM transition," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 549-557, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Passive filters are conventionally used to suppress overvoltage in the motor terminal, either by reducing the voltage rise rate at the inverter output, or by decreasing the motor terminal impedance. We propose an overvoltage suppression scheme that renders the use of passive filters unnecessary. This approach differs from general filter methods, in that it is independent,of dυ/dt and does not try to reduce dυ/dt. Our scheme utilizes the middle voltage level VDC /2 at each pulsewidth modulation voltage transition, where VDC represents the DC-link voltage. The duration of the middle voltage level is controlled in such a way that reflected voltages are cancelled out at the motor terminal. Optimal cancellation is achieved when the duration of VDC/2 is equal to twice the transport delay of the cable. Further, if reflection coefficients at the motor terminal and the inverter output are equal to ±1, no overvoltage takes place. The proposed scheme requires the use of six auxiliary insulated gate bipolar transistor switches. Simulation as well as experimental results are presented here

49.3.5    Kuo-Kai Shyu, Chiu-Keng Lai, Yao-Wen Tsai, Ding-I Yang, "A newly robust controller design for the position control of permanent-magnet synchronous motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 558-565, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A robust controller which is designed by employing variable-structure control and linear-quadratic method is presented for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) position control system. It is to achieve accurate control performance in the presence of plant parameter variation and load disturbance. In addition, it possesses the design flexibility of the conventional state feedback control. It is applied to the position control of a PMSM. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed approach gives a better position response and is robust to parameter variations and load disturbance

49.3.6    Qing-Guo Wang, Yong Zhang, Xiao-Gang Huang, "Virtual feedforward control for asymptotic rejection of periodic disturbance," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 566-573, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: In this paper, a novel, simple yet effective control scheme, called virtual feedforward control (VFC), is proposed for asymptotic disturbance rejection. The VFC control is an add-on function on top of normal feedback control, and it is activated when a periodic disturbance is found to be present in the system, based on output measurements and detection of output periodic behavior. It is shown that the proposed control can reject the periodic disturbances asymptotically under the perfect plant modeling. Furthermore, the closed-loop stability is not affected by the proposed control and, thus, there is no design tradeoff between disturbance rejection and stability. The robustness of the proposed control to model mismatch is analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is sustained by simulation and comparison

49.3.7    A.M. Khambadkone, J. Holtz, "Compensated synchronous PI current controller in overmodulation range and six-step operation of space-vector-modulation-based vector-controlled drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 574-580, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Overmodulation enhances the power utilization of the installed capacity of a voltage-source inverter. A space-vector strategy is used for constant-switching-frequency inverters. In order to achieve the overmodulation, a modified reference signal with nonuniform angular velocity is generated using a preprocessor. Such a reference wave produces low-frequency harmonics in currents. The presence of current harmonics restricts the bandwidth of the synchronous proportional plus integral current controller in the overmodulation range. A compensating current control is presented to allow for high-bandwidth current control in synchronous coordinates during overmodulation and six-step. The proposed scheme allows for an easy upgrade of a conventional vector control scheme to include overmodulation and, thus, reduce the design-to-market time


Power Electronics
49.3.8    G. Garcera, A. Abellan, E. Figueres, "Sensitivity study of the control loops of DC-DC converters by means of robust parametric control theory," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 581-586, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Robust parametric control theory is a powerful tool for the research of linear control systems robustness against simultaneous changes in the parameters that define the plant and controller transfer functions. The purpose of this paper is to show how those techniques can be applied to the sensitivity study of DC-DC power converters control loops with respect to simultaneous variations of all the parameters defining the power stage: line voltage, load, and passive elements of the power stage

49.3.9    Chang-Ming Liaw, Wen-Chin Yu, Thin-Huo Chen, "Random vibration test control of inverter-fed electrodynamic shaker ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 587-594, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The random vibration control of an inverter-fed electrodynamic shaker is presented in this paper. First, the dynamic model of the shaker is found and a current-controlled pulsewidth modulation inverter is designed and implemented. The feedback controller is augmented with a command feedforward controller and a disturbance feedforward controller to let the armature exciting current have low harmonic content and possess excellent waveform tracking performance. Then, an acceleration controller and its random vibration command are arranged. In the proposed acceleration control scheme, a command feedforward controller and a robust disturbance feedforward controller are also employed to let the shaker have close random acceleration command waveform tracking control performance, and the performance be insensitive to the system parameter variations. It follows that the acceleration control with desired frequency response in a vibration test could be achieved through properly setting the command signal. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulation and measured results

49.3.10    Tsu-Hua Ai, Jiann-Fuh Chen, Tsorng-Juu Liang, "A random switching method for HPWM full-bridge inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 595-597, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: To overcome the problem of unequal switching loss in power switches, in conventional hybrid pulse width modulation (HPWM) full-bridge inverters, a random switching method for HPWM full-bridge inverters is proposed. The proposed method equalizes switching losses of the four switches, while also providing good output performance

49.3.11    A. Fernandez, J. Sebastian, P.J. Villegas, M.M. Hernando, L. Alvarez Barcia, "Low-power flyback converter with synchronous rectification for a system with AC power distribution," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 598-606, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: IEC 1000-3-2 regulations impose a reduced harmonic content on any converter with an input power higher than 75 W. However, if the power architecture of the system is based on small on-board converters, and the total power is higher than 75 W, IEC regulations must be fulfilled although each individual converter need not comply with the regulations. In this paper, one of the different possible solutions is presented. Each on-board converter has an active input current shaper (AICS) in order to reduce the input current harmonic content of each converter and, hence, to comply with IEC 1000-3-2 regulations. Moreover, two different types of AICSs were compared: the conventional one and a new type of AICS based on a full-wave rectifier

49.3.12    T.M. Wolbank, R. Wohrnschimmel, H. Hauser, "Transient simulation of lamination material properties in electrical machines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 607-612, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: All zero-speed-sensorless control schemes of electrical drives use a high-frequency excitation of the machine to determine local differences of the leakage inductances and to estimate the flux or the rotor position. One of these methods detects the local differences by evaluating the change of the stator current space phasor due to stator voltage test phasors. To get a deeper insight into the transient electric behavior of the machine, it is necessary to take into account also dynamic processes in the lamination material. To achieve this, a model has been developed to simulate the magnetization process in an induction motor fed by a voltage-source inverter. The proposed model calculates the current change due to voltage pulses taking into account the hysteresis as well as eddy currents. In order to limit the computation time, the model has to be kept simple. Measurements on an inverter-fed induction machine as well as on a stator lamination are presented. to verify the applicability of the model

49.3.13    C.K. Lee, S.Y. Ron Hui, Henry Shu-Hung Chung, "A 31-level cascade inverter for power applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 613-617, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Power inverter modules fed with separate DC voltage sources of voltage ratio 1:2:4:8 are connected to form a cascade multilevel inverter. This new proposal combines the advantages of the static phase-shifter and chain-cell converter concept. Using the same number of power devices as a standard nine-level inverter, the proposed converter operates as a high-power digital-to-analog converter with 31-level resolution. Electrolytic capacitors used in the proposed inverter for providing the DC voltage sources will never be connected in opposite polarity in all cases, thus ensuring high reliability. The proposal has the potential for uninterruptible power supply and flexible AC transmission applications

49.3.14    K.K. Tse, Henry Shu-Hung Chung, S.Y. Ron Hui, H.C. So, "A comparative study of carrier-frequency modulation techniques for conducted EMI suppression in PWM converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 618-627, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A rigorous mathematical analysis and a comparative study of carrier-frequency modulation (CFM) techniques for the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression in pulsewidth-modulated converters is presented. CFM techniques dither the switching period with a small amplitude variation around the nominal value, so that the harmonic power is redistributed over the spectrum of concern. Two types of dithering signals, including the periodic and random signals, are investigated in this paper. The operational characteristics as well as the input and output power spectra of the converters with the two modulating signals are compared. In particular, their characteristics in the low- and high-frequency harmonic power redistribution will be depicted. It is shown that random CFM (RCFM) gives a more effective way to disperse the harmonics around the switching frequency than the periodic CFM (PCFM) with the same frequency deviation. However, RCFM introduces higher low-frequency harmonics than the PCFM at the converter output. Furthermore, effects of the resolution filter bandwidth in the electromagnetic compatibility analyzer on conducted EMI measurement is discussed. The validity of the analyses is confirmed experimentally by using a dc/dc buck converter operating in continuous conduction mode

49.3.15    J.M. Quero, J.M. Carrasco, L.G. Franquelo, "Implementation of a neural controller for the series resonant converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 628-639, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A neural controller implementing an energy feedback control law is proposed as an alternative to classic control of resonant converters. The properties of the energy feedback control, and particularly the optimal trajectory control law, are analyzed. As a result, the state space is considered to be divided into two subspaces, that correspond to different states of the switches in the converter. An analog neural network learns to classify these two classes by means of a learning algorithm. A simple electronic implementation of this controller is proposed and applied to a series resonant converter (SRC). Results based on prototype measurements show a good improvement in the SRC response versus classical control methods based on the linearization of the state variable equations around a working point and confirm the validity of the neural approach

49.3.16    Jiabin Wang, Weiya Wang, G.W. Jewell, D. Howe, "A low-power, linear, permanent-magnet generator/energy storage system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 640-648, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This paper describes the design, analysis and characterization of a linear permanent magnet generator and capacitive energy storage system for generating electrical power from a single stroke of a salient-pole armature. It is suitable for applications that require relatively low levels of electrical power, such as remote electronic locks. An electromagnetic analysis of the generator is described, and a design optimization methodology for the system is presented. Finally, the performance of a prototype is validated against measurements

49.3.17    Jeong-il Kang, Chung-Wook Roh, Gun-Woo Moon, Myung-Joong Youn, "Phase-shifted parallel-input/series-output dual converter for high-power step-up applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 649-652, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A new phase-shifted parallel-input/series-output dual converter is proposed. It features a low-output voltage ripple, a low rms current in the output capacitor, and a greatly reduced constant switch turn-off stress, whereby the efficiency is significantly improved. This converter is considered to be well suited to high-power step-up applications

49.3.18    Seok Ho Jeon, Kwang Kyo Oh, Jin Young Choi, "Flux observer with online tuning of stator and rotor resistances for induction motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 653-664, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This paper proposes an adaptive flux observer for induction motors, where stator and rotor resistances are estimated in online environments. The variation of motor parameters during operation degrades the performance of the controller and the flux observer. Among the parameters of induction motors, rotor resistance is a crucial one for flux estimation, and stator resistance also becomes critical in the low-speed region. Under the persistent excitation condition, the proposed method estimates the actual values of stator and rotor resistances simultaneously, which guarantees the exact estimation of the rotor flux. The persistent excitation condition is not satisfied when the electric torque of an induction motor is absent due to the lack of rotor currents. Even in this case, the proposed method achieves the correct estimation of the rotor flux. Simulations and actual experiments show that the rotor flux is estimated in all operating conditions and that both resistances converge to their actual values when the electrical motor torque exists


Emerging Technology
49.3.19    L.O.A.P. Henriques, P.J. Costa Branco, L.G.B. Rolim, W.I. Suemitsu, "Proposition of an offline learning current modulation for torque-ripple reduction in switched reluctance motors: design and experimental evaluation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 665-676, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A new offline current modulation using a neuro-fuzzy compensation scheme for torque-ripple reduction in switched reluctance motors is presented. The main advantage of the proposed technique is that the torque signal is unnecessary. The compensating signal is learned prior to normal operation in a self-commissioning run, capturing the necessary current shape to reduce the torque ripple. Simulation results verify first the effects of speed and then load changes on the compensator performance. Implementation of the proposed technique in a laboratory prototype shows the feasibility and accuracy of the respective offline scheme

49.3.20    W.X. Shen, C.C. Chan, E.W.C. Lo, K.T. Chau, "Adaptive neuro-fuzzy modeling of battery residual capacity for electric vehicles," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 677-684, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This paper proposes and implements a new method for the estimation of the battery residual capacity (BRC) for electric vehicles (EVs). The key of the proposed method is to model the EV battery by using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Different operating profiles of the EV battery are investigated including the constant current discharge and the random current discharge as well as the standard EV driving cycles in Europe, the US, and Japan. The estimated BRCs are directly compared with the actual BRCs, verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed modeling method. Moreover, this method can be easily implemented by a low-cost microcontroller and can readily be extended to the estimation of the BRC for other types of EV batteries

49.3.21    P.T. Chan, A.B. Rad, K.M. Tsang, "Optimization of fused fuzzy systems via genetic algorithms," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 685-692, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: In this paper, the problem of optimization of fused fuzzy systems via genetic algorithms is addressed. The proposed architecture separates a large fuzzy rule optimization problem into a series of more manageable and smaller problems through rule-table transformation. The algorithm is applied to the cart-pole system to demonstrate its characteristics

49.3.22    Suk Lee, Kyung Chang Lee, Man Hyung Lee, F. Harashima, "Integration of mobile vehicles for automated material handling using Profibus and IEEE 802.11 networks," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 693-701, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This paper focuses on a method to integrate mobile devices such as a mobile robot, automated guided vehicle, and unmanned container transporter to form an automated material handling system. In this paper, the stationary devices are connected via a Profibus network while the mobile devices are communicating via an IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN. In order to integrate these two networks, a protocol converter is developed on a PC platform that runs two interacting processes with shared internal buffers. The protocol converter performs a role of translator between two different protocols by converting the format of a data frame. In addition to this basic conversion function, the protocol converter has a virtual polling algorithm to reduce the uncertainty involved in accessing the wireless network. Finally, the integrated network. of Profibus and IEEE 802.11 is experimentally evaluated for its data latency and throughput, which shows the feasibility of the Profibus-IEEE 802.11 network for industrial applications involving mobile devices


Signal Processing and Control
49.3.23    O. Vainio, S.J. Ovaska, "Harmonics-resistant adaptive algorithm for line-frequency signal processing," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 702-706, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Adaptive filters are often used in signal processing tasks related to line-frequency signals in power distribution systems. In this paper, we discuss a computationally efficient adaptive algorithm for transversal discrete-time filters. The algorithm, which is based on the so-called general parameter method, uses only two dynamically adjusted parameters, each to be added to a block of coefficients of a fixed basis finite-impulse response filter. The parameter updating formula involves running addition of the data samples, causing suppression of certain frequencies. Therefore, the algorithm can be designed to adapt mainly according to the primary input frequency while being tolerant against specific harmonic components. This is advantageous, for instance, when processing 50/60-Hz line-frequency signals. The properties and stability of the algorithm are analyzed

49.3.24    Y. Fujimoto, T. Yakoh, K. Ohnishi, "Dynamic model of decentralized systems with informational connection," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 707-715, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This paper presents a design method of decentralized systems with informational connection. The informational connection in this paper denotes an event link which establishes a signal links among physical controlled plants via a communication network. A dynamic transition of an informational connection among decentralized systems is considered and the mathematical structures are discussed using a concept of eigenvalues and eigen-connections over the Galois field GF(2). The global system has variable-structure characteristics due to the transition of informational connection. Examples of decentralized variable-structure systems are shown. In industry, there are many engineering systems that have a dynamic transition of an informational connection. The mathematical model would be useful for analysis and synthesis of various informationally connected systems


Letters to the Editor
49.3.25    K. Sundareswaran, M. Chandra, "Evolutionary approach for line current harmonic reduction in AC/DC converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 716-719, June 2002.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: This letter explains the application of genetic algorithms (GAs) for line current harmonic reduction in a buck-type converter. Harmonic reduction/elimination is redrafted as an optimization problem and steps of the GA are applied. Compared to conventional optimization techniques, the steps of the GA are very simple and global optimum is guaranteed in most cases. Theoretical and experimental results are provided to validate the method