IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 39, Number 1, Feb 1992 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

39.1.1	A. De Luca, G. Paesano, G. Ulivi, "A frequency-domain approach to learning control: implementation for a robot manipulator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1-10, Feb 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A frequency-domain approach to the analysis and design of learning control laws for achieving a desired repetitive behavior in a dynamical system is presented. The scheme uses two separate filters in order to obtain rapid improvement in a specified bandwidth, while cutting off possibly destabilizing dynamic effects that would bar learning convergence. In this way the trade-off between global convergence conditions and approximate learning of trajectories is made explicit. The synthesis is presented for single-input, single-output (SISO) linear systems, but the method is of general application. The proposed learning controller has been used for exact tracking of repetitive trajectories in robot manipulators. In particular, actuator inputs that enable accurate reproduction of robot joint-space trajectories are learned in a few iterations without the knowledge of the robot dynamic model. Implementation aspects are discussed, and experimental results are reported
39.1.2	R.H. Brown, S.C. Schneider, M.G. Mulligan, "Analysis of algorithms for velocity estimation from discrete position versus time data," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 11-19, Feb 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Algorithms for constructing velocity approximations from discrete position versus time data are investigated. The study is limited to algorithms suitable to provide velocity information in discrete-time feedback control systems such as microprocessor-based systems with a discrete position encoder. Velocity estimators based on lines per period, reciprocal-time, Taylor series expansion, backward difference expansions, and least-square curve fits are presented. Based on computer simulations, comparisons of relative accuracies of the different algorithms are made. The least-squares velocity estimators filtered the effect of imperfect measurements best, whereas the Taylor series expansions and backward difference equation estimators respond better to velocity transients
39.1.3	P.B. Crilly, "Increased throughput for process chromatography using constrained deconvolution," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 20-24, Feb 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Signal restoration using Jansson's method of constrained deconvolution was investigated and tested to deconvolve and thereby resolve severely overlapped gas chromatographic peaks. The results of this technique were compared to those obtained with an instrument that uses a longer column that already produces fully resolved peaks. Jannson's deconvolution method enabled significant resolution improvement at a minimal cost in computational time. Thus, for a given amount of peak resolution, this technique increased the instrument's throughput by 10 times. Test results show that Jansson's method provides similar measurement accuracies and variances as those obtained on an instrument using a longer column
39.1.4	Fu-Juay Chang, Shih-Hsiung Twu, Shyang Chang, "Tracking control of DC motors via an improved chattering alleviation control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 25-29, Feb 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An improved version of the chattering alleviation control (CAC) augmented with boundary layers is proposed. It preserves all the features of CAC and exhibits three additional advantageous properties. First, the resultant control law is continuous instead of the discontinuous function proposed in CAC. Second, the chattering level is smaller than that of CAC. Third, the parameters in the boundary layer approach can be determined quantitatively via this algorithm. The resultant system via this nonlinear feedback control law is proved to be asymptotically stable, which is then applied to the tracking control of DC motors. Experimental results indicate that the high-speed tracking of the desired trajectory can be achieved. In addition, the applied armature voltage contains fewer higher frequency components as compared to other variable structure systems control
39.1.5	M. Ishida, J. Hamaguchi, K. Shirasuka, T. Hori, "A new friction-type piezoelectric motor utilizing mechanism of the strain wave gearing," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 30-35, Feb 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A motor that utilizes multilayer piezoelectric devices for electromechanical power conversion and the mechanism of the strain wave gearing for generation of traveling motive forces is proposed. The construction, basic operation, and torque generation mechanism of the motor are described. The motor can be operated under variable frequency. Experimental results on the prototype motor made of metals are also presented. The feasibility of the proposed motor is verified, and the possibility of realizing piezoelectric motors with a larger torque is shown
39.1.6	O. Vainio, S.J. Ovaska, J.J. Pasanen, "A digital signal processing approach to real-time AC motor modeling ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 36-45, Feb 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Discrete-time computational models of squirrel-cage AC motors are derived and analyzed for the purpose of advanced motor control. The starting point is a continuous-time model defined by a pair of simultaneous complex-coefficient differential equations. Discrete-time models are derived using both the bilinear transformation and the forward-difference approximation. The exact dependence between stability and the minimum sampling rate in the forward-difference approach is shown. The responses of the two discretized models are compared using real-world motor parameters. Using the forward difference method, a more compact implementation is obtained (although a higher sampling rate is required) as compared to the bilinear transformed model of equivalent performance and 2.7 times higher computational complexity. A 16/24-b DSP-ASIC coprocessor prototype implementing the AC motor model is introduced
39.1.7	Yau-Tze Kao, Change-Huan Liu, "Analysis and design of microprocessor-based vector-controlled induction motor drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 46-54, Feb 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The design and implementation of controllers for induction motor drives under vector control is considered. The control of induction motor drives is considered in both constant torque and constant horsepower operation regions. A systematic mathematical formulation is presented for designing motor controllers. These include conventional proportional-integral controllers and more advanced frequency-domain optimal controllers. A 32-b microprocessor-based experimental control system is implemented for verifying the proposed control strategies. The theoretical results are validated by the experimental work
39.1.8	V. Rajagopalan, K. Debebe, A. Chandrasekaran, S.A. Sudha, "User-friendly dedicated power electronic converter simulator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 55-62, Feb 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A user-friendly power electronic simulator for the design and analysis of power electronic circuits is presented. A graphic input interface module called ATOSECG has been developed for the dedicated power electronic converter system simulator ATOSEC5. ATOSECG has tremendously facilitated the interaction of the user with the simulator. Examples of application of the ATOSEC5 simulator for the analysis of a complex multiconverter system are given
39.1.9	A. Tripathi, P.C. Sen, "Comparative analysis of fixed and sinusoidal band hysteresis current controllers for voltage source inverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 63-73, Feb 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A hysteresis controller with a sinusoidal band for current regulation is described. The behavior of the conventional fixed-band controller and the proposed sinusoidal band controller has been thoroughly studied. Simulation results demonstrate that with no lockout (permitting a very high switching frequency) the current waveform can be confined within the desired hysteresis bands. At low lockout frequencies the current is not confined within the hysteresis bands and both fixed and sinusoidal band controllers give a high ripple. The study also shows that with a reasonable lockout frequency, a sinusoidal band control results in a reduced ripple and lower harmonic content. However, the switching frequency is higher with the sinusoidal bands. This should not be a major concern with the availability of fast switching devices that allow higher lockout frequencies
39.1.10	Hui-Yung Chu, Hurng-Liahng Jou, Ching-Lien Huang, "Transient response of a peak voltage detector for sinusoidal signals," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 74-79, Feb 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A fast peak detector for constant frequency sinusoidal signals is proposed. This detector is based on the concept of the orthogonal function set. The theoretical response time of this detector is less than one-fourth of a cycle. When this detector is used, the transient response of the output voltage is different under different inception angles. The mathematical equations to describe transient phenomena are derived and simulated. Because its transient response performance is superior to the conventional sinusoidal amplitude detector used in an analog controller, it can improve the transient response performance of the controller. For practical applications, the effects of harmonics and frequency variation are also discussed, simulated, and tested

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 39, Number 2, April 1992 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

39.2.1	T. Furuhashi, S. Sangwongwanich, S. Okuma, "A position-and-velocity sensorless control for brushless DC motors using an adaptive sliding mode observer," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 89-95, April 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The sliding mode observer is robust to measurement noises. Since the switching signals of the sliding mode observer contain the induced voltages of the motors, it is possible to obtain the position and velocity of the motors directly from the switching signals. Although the estimated position can be used for locating the position of the rotor, the estimated velocity is heavily contaminated by noises from the switching signals. This direct method nullifies the merit of the sliding mode observer. Thus, the authors also present an adaptive scheme for robust estimation of the velocity of brushless DC motors. Stability of the adaptive scheme is assured, and estimation errors due to parameter deviations are analyzed. A method of parameter adjustment is described
39.2.2	M. Kaneko, W. Paetsch, H. Tolle, "Input-dependent stability of joint torque control of tendon-driven robot hands," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 96-104, April 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The input-dependent stability observed during torque control experiments using the first joint of the Darmstadt-HAND is discussed. Friction and compliance existing in tendon-sheath drive systems introduce a hysteresis nonlinearity between the joint torque output and the actuator displacement. Although this transmission characteristic is close to the well-known backlash behavior of the gears situated between a motor and a load shift, this hysteresis loop exhibits input-dependent characteristics in the backlash region of the transmission system, with springlike behavior within a portion of the backlash region. Experiments confirmed that there is a close relationship between the input-dependent backlash characteristics and the input-dependent stability. Based on these experiments, the authors describe the transmission characteristic using a simple model and explore the system stability using sinusoidal-input-describing-functions (SIDF). A nondimensional stability-criterion-map that successfully predicts the experimental results is presented
39.2.3	L.-A. Dessaint, M. Saad, B. Hebert, K. Al-Haddad, "An adaptive controller for a direct-drive SCARA robot," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 105-111, April 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A direct adaptive controller for trajectory tracking of high-speed robots such as a direct-drive SCARA robot is presented. In this robot, nonlinear effects due to centrifugal, Coriolis, and inertial forces are more important than friction and gravity forces, unlike most industrial robots. The control law of the adaptive scheme consists of a PD regulator plus feedforward compensation of full dynamics. The feedforward terms are adjusted by an adaptation law so that the steady-state position errors are zero. With this adaptive controller, the joint acceleration measurement is not required and no inversion of the estimated mass matrix is involved. The tracking performances of the controller applied to a two-degree-of-freedom SCARA is illustrated by a real-time implementation based on a single-chip digital signal processor (DSP)
39.2.4	J.-C. Li, G.-C. Hsieh, "A phase/frequency-locked controller for stepping servo control systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 112-119, April 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A phase-controlled oscillator (PCO), composed of an adaptive digital-pumped controller (ADPC) and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), is proposed as a novel stepping motor driver. A phase-locked stepping servomechanism (PLSS) is established and the PCO can provide an accurate and stable pulse train to adaptively drive the stepping motor. System modeling, analysis, stability investigation, design, and implementation are all conducted. Computer simulation and experimental results indicate that the performance of the PLSS is close to the theoretical prediction. Some speed responses for 40-1000 r/min are examined in the real PLSS. A speed regulation of ±0.15 r/min was achieved. An adaptive line density selector can be used to improve the system performance
39.2.5	E. Bassi, F. Benzi, R. Scattolini, "Design of a digital adaptive controller for electrical drives in industrial applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 120-127, April 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The adaptive control of an electrical drive intended for positioning applications is addressed. The regulator is based on a pole-placement technique and an online identification algorithm. The results of previous work by the authors are reviewed and a more accurate modeling is worked out by including a term accounting for the torque; to this aim a static feedforward element is designed and added to the control scheme. The limit on the motor current provided in actual systems is taken into account, and a desaturation strategy is proposed and tested. A further improvement of the performances is obtained by a dynamical change in the saturation limits. A number of simulations are presented to illustrate the performance of the system
39.2.6	L.D. Salazar, P.D. Ziogas, "Design and evaluation of two types of controllers for a two-switch forward converter with extended duty cycle capability," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 128-140, April 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A single-voltage loop and dual-current-voltage loop-control system are proposed to improve the output regulation and the dynamic response of a 2 kW two-switch high-frequency forward converter with an extended duty cycle capability. A design method in the frequency domain is described. It is shown that both control systems can be designed by using an equivalent single-input/output control transfer function. Moreover, an all-pass constant-time-delay filter is included in the transfer function of the converter to improve the linear model at high-frequency. Simulated and experimental results to verify the design and the effects on the dynamic performance of the converter using both controllers are presented
39.2.7	V. Agrawal, A.K. Agarwal, K. Kant, "A study of single-phase to three-phase cycloconverters using PSPICE ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 141-148, April 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A single-phase-to-three-phase cycloconverter system operating from a 50 Hz input has been simulated under various loading conditions using a PSPICE circuit simulator. The Giacolleto SCR model has been modified. Detailed waveforms of load voltage, load current, and current of various semiconductor-controlled rectifiers (SCRs) have been plotted. It has been demonstrated that for low and medium L/R loads a simple constant firing angle sequence works well, whereas the cosine wave crossing method (CWCM) seems to be optimum for high L/R loads. Theoretical results are validated with the experimental results
39.2.8	B.-H. Kwon, "Design of a highly stable electromagnet power supply," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 149-158, April 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A method for designing a highly stable electromagnet power supply combining the 12-pulse phase-controlled rectifier (PCR), passive filter, and transformed active filter is investigated. The PCR system is analyzed, and passive filter parameters are designed from this analysis. A phase-locked voltage control circuit with a fast dynamic characteristic is analyzed, and an optimal constant proportional-integral and measurable variable feedback plus feedforward (PIMF) current controller is designed using a time-weighted quadratic performance index. It is shown via experimental results that the proposed design method gives good performance
39.2.9	A. Campos, G. Joos, P. Ziogas, J. Lindsay, "Analysis and design of a series voltage compensator for three-phase unbalanced sources," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 159-167, April 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Voltage unbalance typically present in three-phase AC supply systems adversely affects power system components, static converters, drive systems, electric machines, etc., connected to the system. A method to eliminate this unbalance by means of a voltage compensator connected in series with the supply through transformers is described. The technique is based on extracting the negative sequence voltage component of the supply and canceling it in order to obtain balanced voltages. The positive sequence component is then adjusted to achieve voltage regulation. It is shown that the compensation can be achieved with low kilovolt-ampere inverters and that harmonic injection is reduced to a minimum. The authors include implementation principles, design equations, and a design example. Simulated and experimental results confirm the theoretical concept and feasibility of the proposed system
39.2.10	R.M. Davis, "Variable reluctance rotor structures-their influence on torque production," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 168-174, April 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Switched reluctance (SR) motors with differing structures are compared in terms of their torque prediction capabilities. The first structure is doubly salient with conventional laminations, also referred to as the CRS motor. The second has semiclosed stator slots and a cylindrical rotor with anisotropic magnetic properties arising from axial laminations interleaved with nonmagnetic material, also referred to as the CRR motor. The second structure has been claimed, on theoretical grounds, to be the superior structure in terms of torque per stator volume. The present comparison, based on RMS currents, concludes that the torque produced by the conventionally laminated motor is approximately 2.5 times that of the anisotropic design when the two copper losses are equalized. However, when the CRR motor has been optimized in terms of magnetic and electric loading, the CRS motor is still twice as torque productive. These results reverse the benefits previously claimed for the anisotropic motor design
39.2.11	G.L. Arsov, "Comments on `a nonideal macromodel of thyristor for transient analysis in power electronic systems'," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 175-176, April 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: In the above-titled paper by F.J. Gracia et al. (see ibid., vol.37, no.6, p.514-20, 1990) the authors proposed a nonideal macromodel for analog power circuit simulation using SPICE. The model is quite simple and incorporates important second-order effects such as breakover voltage triggering, critical dv/dt, turn-on and turn-off times, threshold gate trigger voltage, and the nonlinear on-state characteristic. The commenter introduces some necessary corrections to the model and proposes some improvements concerning other versions of SPICE and the thermal effects on the breakdown voltage and breakover voltage turn-off characteristics

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 39, Number 3, June 1992 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

39.3.1	J. Manigel, W. Leonhard, "Vehicle control by computer vision," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 181-188, June 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A method is described for guiding an autonomous vehicle along roadways based on visual signals. The vehicle follows a white guideline on a flat road sensed by a computer-controlled display (CCD) camera. The camera, mounted behind the windscreen of the vehicle, looks forward and down, detecting an area between 5 and 25 m ahead. An image processor (based on Transputers T800) scans the image for the borderline of the road. The line coordinates detected by the image processor are transmitted via transputer links to another transputer network. The implemented algorithm uses geometric coordinate-transformation and a dynamical model (Kalman filter) to identify the road curvature ahead and the relative position of the vehicle on the road. The reference angle for the electrical steering servo is computed from the lateral deviation, the yaw-angle deviation, the road-curvature, and the velocity of the vehicle. Altogether, it takes about 70 ms per image for recognition and control. Results for an experimental system are reported
39.3.2	J.K. McElveen, K.R. Lee, J.E. Bennett, "Identification of multivariable linear systems from input/output measurements," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 189-193, June 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A stochastic approximation technique for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system identification is proposed where the technique is based on state space formalization of a system with known indices. The proposed method is applicable to digital computer implementation. Convergence of the technique is shown, and an example showing its effectiveness when compared with another approximation technique is presented
39.3.3	A.S. Hodel, S.T. Hung, "Solution and applications of the Lyapunov equation for control systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 194-202, June 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Recent advances in control systems analysis and design have implied new uses for the Lyapunov equation of the form AX+XA^T+Q=0. Implementation requirements for the incorporation of the use of Lyapunov equations in practical design, however, point out the need for a set of specialized numerical procedures. This special set of numerical procedures must efficiently solve large, sparse Lyapunov equations, solve sets of Lyapunov equations that differ only in the coefficient matrix Q, and provide good low rank estimates of the Lyapunov equation solution X in the case where low rank approximations are applicable. Discussions of the motivations for the solution of these problems and of candidate solution approaches are provided
39.3.4	E.M. Sollbach, A.A. Goldenberg, I. Laniado, "A universal robot control system (URCS) based on the TUNIS multiprocessor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 203-207, June 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The design and development of a universal robot control system (URCS) that would enable computation-intensive control algorithms to be implemented and modified is reported. This required shifting from hardware to software, using high-performance computing platforms. In general, multiprocessing has been found to be a cost-effective method for increasing performance, especially when the control algorithm can be composed into concurrent computational tasks. The URCS was developed using the University of Toronto Multiprocessor System (TUNIS) as the computing platform. One processor reads sensors, another calculates compensation signals and commands to the motors, a third is designated for operator requests, and the last is used for the operating system. An interface that allows the URCS to control the PUMA 560 robot was designed and built
39.3.5	C.E. Lin, Y.-R. Sheu, "A hybrid-control approach for pendulum-car control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 208-214, June 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A hybrid-control approach for operation of a pendulum-car mechanical system that improves the unstable control phenomenon within a limited length of car position is presented. The proposed hybrid-control approach combines a fuzzy logic control approach and a linear state-feedback control approach to obtain the desired performance. The experimental system has been designed and its control system implemented into a 16-b personal computer with successful operation from a downward stable position to an upright holding position
39.3.6	P.T. Krein, R.M. Bass, "Autonomous control technique for high-performance switches," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 215-222, June 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A method for creating high-performance switch modules from power transistors and simple control circuits is presented. The method is based on switching function principles by which any type of switch can be represented by an ideal switch in combination with basic logic elements. These high-performance modules can be configured to emulate diodes, thyristors, special resonant devices, or nearly any other switch type. The control is autonomous-it depends on the terminal behavior and external gate signals and requires no additional information from the application circuit. Experimental examples of several switch modules in low-voltage power converters are given. The experimental modules use power MOSFETs and give performance similar to that of synchronous rectifiers but with much greater flexibility. An example is noted in which a module configured to emulate a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) shows voltage drops below 0.25 V at several amperes of forward current
39.3.7	J. Holtz, J.O. Krah, "Suppression of time-varying resonances in the power supply line of AC locomotives by inverter control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 223-229, June 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The harmonic currents generated by the line-side converter of an electric locomotive are injected into the overhead supply system. Although low in magnitude, they give rise to traveling waves that start propagating in both directions along the overhead line. The traveling waves are reflected at various electrical discontinuities along the line such as the feeding substations and other traction vehicles, the positions of which are time varying. This produces eigenresonances at multiple frequencies. High resonant currents may be generated that cause problems of electromagnetic interference with railway communication and signaling systems. It is demonstrated that the time-varying eigenresonances can be identified in real time. Methods of optimal adaptive inverter control are employed in order to avoid the excitation of the line resonances
39.3.8	G.M. Brown, B. Szabados, G.J. Hoolbloom, M.E. Poloujadoff, "High-power cycloconverter drive for double-fed induction motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 230-240, June 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Two cycloconverters independently supply stator and rotor windings of a wound rotor induction machine. The control strategy to stabilize this inherently unstable system is derived from the double-fed machine matrix (DFM) and the resulting algorithm is implemented in hardware with a simple field calculator. A practical implementation of a 2 kW drive illustrates the feasibility of the drive, and practical performances of full speed in both directions, as well as speed ramps of up to 700 r/min, are realized. The system benefits from the simplicity of line-commutated converters associated with a relatively high frequency of operation of each individual cycloconverter, thereby avoiding saturation effects appearing at low frequencies, combined with control of harmonic generation using the extra degree of freedom provided by the DFM
39.3.9	L. Ben-Brahim, A. Kawamura, "A fully digitized field-oriented controlled induction motor drive using only current sensors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 241-249, June 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A field-oriented control method based on a predictive observer with digital current regulation of an induction motor, without speed and voltage sensors, is proposed. Measuring only stator currents and estimating motor speed and rotor fluxes by a predictive state observer with variable pole selection the stator currents are controlled to be exactly equal to the reference currents at every sampling instant. The resulting speed and rotor fluxes are estimated with low sensitivity to parameter variation, and the torque ripples are reduced. The proposed method consists of four parts: identification of the rotor speed, derivation of a digital control law, construction of a state observer that predicts the rotor flux and the stator currents, and derivation of field-oriented control. A theoretical analysis of the method, computer simulations, and experimental results are described
39.3.10	N. Mutoh, K. Nandoh, A. Ueda, "Automatic torque boost control method suitable for PWM inverter with a high switching frequency," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 250-257, June 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A torque control method is described that can generate a motor torque larger than the rated torque over a wide speed range without a current regulator and a speed sensor, even if the induction motor is driven by a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) inverter with a high switching frequency. Control is performed by a magnetic flux compensation control loop. The first control loop suppresses the magnetic flux reduction generated when the load torque and the inverter angular frequency are varied. This reduction is calculated using both inverter angular frequency and slip angular frequency. The current distortion due to the dead time of the PWM signals is suppressed by correcting the signal pulse widths on the basis of errors generated between the PWM reference signals and the inverter output voltage. Experiments confirmed that an induction motor could generate motor torque of more than 150% of the rated torque. The current distortion factor was less than 10% over a wide frequency range
39.3.11	J.Y. Hung, H. Van White, "Precision winding of fiber optic filament. I. Winding characteristics," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 258-267, June 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Some unique aspects and characteristics for precision winding of optical fiber are described. The characteristics of optical fiber and the manner of winding chosen give rise to unique challenges. The peculiarities of the problem are discussed and a summary of basic winding practices is included. After a brief description of the hardware in an automated optical fiber winder, normal winding patterns are considered. The high-speed automatic winder is described along with the technical challenges that are unique to winding of optical fiber, and a qualitative analysis of the winding process is given. The basic requirements for precision winding of optical fiber filaments are summarized
39.3.12	T.T. Hartley, G. Cook, "One-step-ahead control with improved sensitivity robustness," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 268-272, June 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An alternative one-step-ahead control configuration is presented that has improved sensitivity with respect to process disturbances and to plant changes at desired frequencies. The requirement for using this formulation is that the plant be minimum phase. Its utility is demonstrated via application to a DC motor

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 39, Number 4, August 1992 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

39.4.1	J.A. Malone, L.M. Smith, "A system for sequential step detection with application to video image processing," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 277-284, August 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A method for detecting the occurrence of an abrupt steplike change in a time sequence of video images is presented. A single-pole recursive high-pass filter cascaded with a moving average filter processes the input data to remove the quiescent background level and accumulate a sustained change in amplitude. The absolute value of the output is compared to a threshold to decide whether a steplike change in signal amplitude has occurred. It is shown that, for a given cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter, an optimal value exists for the number of terms in the moving average. Considerations for implementation of the algorithm on practical image processors are discussed. The results of numerical and laboratory experiments are presented that verify the effectiveness of the method
39.4.2	H. Dai, N.K. Sinha, "A robust off-line output error method for system identification," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 285-292, August 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The model reference technique and Huber's minimax principle have been successfully used to develop an offline output error method for robust identification of systems. This method is named the robust iterative output error method with modified residuals. A convergence analysis of the proposed method has been included as well as some simulation results. In the presence of a small number of large errors (called outliers) in the input-output data, the presented method has demonstrated its distinctive advantages over not only the nonrobust methods but also previously developed robust methods. The main advantages are a fast convergence speed and satisfactory robustness. It is concluded that the method developed here is much superior to the other methods and therefore can be widely used in many real-time applications
39.4.3	J.E. Bennett, H. Almaula, "Control-based motivation for alternate concepts in electrical generator and steam turbine design," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 293-300, August 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Motivation for alternate designs of electrical generators and steam turbines used in electrical power systems is presented. This motivation stems from a proposed concept in nonlinear suboptimal control that could enhance power system reliability and stability and lessen the demand for the construction of new and costly electrical power generating facilities. The proposed methods could also be applicable to wind generation systems
39.4.4	G.O. Beale, F.J. Arteaga, W.M. Black, "Design and evaluation of a controller for the process of microwave joining of ceramics," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 301-312, August 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A temperature control system is designed and simulated for the process of microwave joining of ceramics. The overall goal is to develop a control system that allows reliable, high-quality joints to be produced on a variety of ceramics. The described procedure permits the derivation of a closed-loop configuration for controlling temperature. The ceramics (alumina) heating model equation is linearized around an operating point and represented as a transfer function. A compensator is designed based on the `worst case' for the value of the gain. Conditions for closed-loop stability with any linearized plant model are presented and mathematically proven. Expressions for the time response parameters of the compensated system are derived. A simulation is implemented in MATLAB for the closed-loop control, and a numerical integration method is used for solving the nonlinear heating equations. The results obtained for the simulation are excellent and show that the temperature can be regulated to a set point value and the thermal runaway problem in the ceramics can be prevented
39.4.5	J.Y. Hung, H.V. White, "Precision winding of fiber optic filament. II. Winding control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 313-322, August 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: For pt.I see ibid., vol.39, no.3, p.258-67 (1992). The winding of fiber optic filament in the hoop, or precision, pattern is considered. Various automatic control options that have been designed and tested are described. The controllers are designed to regulate the fiber lag angle, which is the angle at which the feed filament approaches the take-up spool. Successful, flawless winding is directly related to accurate lag regulation. The contributions are distinguished by the fact that the automatic winding rate is 10 to 30 times greater than that achieved before by operator-assisted winding
39.4.6	Gyu-Sik Kim, In-Joong Ha, Myoung-Sam Ko, "Control of induction motors for both high dynamic performance and high power efficiency," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 323-333, August 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The authors attempt to control induction motors with maximum power efficiency as well as high dynamic performance by means of decoupling of motor speed (or motor torque) and rotor flux. For maximum power efficiency, the squared rotor flux is adjusted according to a minimum power search algorithm until the measured power input reaches the minimum. Since the motor speed is dynamically decoupled from the rotor flux, this can be done successfully without any degradation of motor speed responses. The controller depends on rotor resistance but not on stator resistance. However, the performance of the control scheme is robust with respect to variations in rotor resistance because an identification algorithm for rotor resistance is employed. The identification algorithm for rotor resistance has some advantages over the previous methods. To demonstrate the practical significance of the results, some experimental results are presented
39.4.7	A. Gastli, N. Matsui, "Stator flux controlled V/f PWM inverter with identification of IM parameters [induction motors]," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 334-340, August 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A V/f PWM inverter control algorithm based on controlling the stator flux vector of an induction motor is presented. The algorithm permits an automatic boost of inverter voltage in such a way that the stator flux magnitude is kept constant. The voltage autoboost method is based on knowledge of the IM equivalent circuit parameters and given load characteristics. An offline auto measurement of the equivalent circuit parameters using a PWM inverter is described. The technique consists of performing the no-load and single-phase tests when the motor is connected to the inverter. The complete control system has been constructed and tested and the experimental results have been found satisfactory. The proposed method has achieved a considerable improvement of IM torque-speed characteristics under optimal slip frequency operation
39.4.8	C.C. Chan, K.-T. Chau, "A fast and exact time-domain simulation of switched-mode power regulators," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 341-350, August 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A new approach for the time-domain simulation of switched-mode power regulators is developed. The concept of this approach is to model each switch element by a linear time-varying nodal equation, thus formulating a modified nodal equation system that describes the global dynamic behavior of the power regulator. By using the symbolic Laplace transform inversion, the time-domain expressions can be obtained in a closed and continuous form, which allows a fast and exact simulation of the system. The time efficiency of the proposed approach is shown by comparing it with a standard numerical integration method. Various transient responses of a practical switched-mode power regulator due to the start-up, the step change in input voltage, and the step change in reference voltage have been simulated. The simulations include the overcurrent protection limitation, the duty-cycle limitation control, the discontinuous conduction mode, and the continuous conduction mode of operation
39.4.9	P. Jain, F.P. Dawson, S.B. Dewan, "A near-zero current-switching series resonant inverter using GTOs ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 351-358, August 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A novel implementation of fast gate-turn-off thyristors (GTOs) for a series resonant power converter operating above 10 kHz and an output power rating of 10 kW or greater is presented. A zero current switching gating strategy that eliminates the need for large negative gate drive circuits is presented. This permits the operation of the converter at a near-unity load power factor independent of the operating frequency. Consequently, for a given output power, the installed kVA capacity of the converter is minimized, and the system simplicity is maintained. A simplified analysis and component ratings for the GTO-based converter are presented. All the results are verified experimentally
39.4.10	P.Y. Kokate, M. Das, R.N.K. Loh, "Rule-based control of slowly varying systems using compensator segmentation determined by simulated annealing," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 359-367, August 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A novel compensator segmentation scheme for rule-based control of a linear system characterized by structured uncertainties is presented. It is assumed that the design of a segmented compensator becomes necessary because the parameter variation region is too wide to be handled by a single robust compensator. The segmentation scheme is based on the simulated annealing technique. Starting with an initial estimate of the number of segments, the offline segmentation scheme attempts to minimize it while assuring coverage of the entire parameter variation region. The information about the segment boundaries and the appropriate compensators is then utilized as the database of a rule-based switching controller. The results of simulation studies that demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme are included

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 39, Number 5, Oct 1992 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

39.5.1	Choong-Hyuk Yim, In-Joong Ha, Myoung-Sam Ko, "A resolver-to-digital conversion method for fast tracking," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 369-378, Oct 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A resolver-to-digital (R/D) conversion method in which a bang-bang type phase comparator is used for fast tracking is proposed. The low-pass filter needed to reject carrier signal and noise is eliminated from the R/D conversion loop. Instead, two prefilters outside the R/D conversion loop take the role of the low-pass filter, resulting in a fast and accurate tracking R/D converter. Some simulation and experimental results and a mathematical performance analysis are presented to demonstrate the superior tracking performance
39.5.2	Wei-Shiu Wang, Chang-Huan Liu, "Controller design and implementation for industrial robots with flexible joints," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 379-391, Oct 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A control strategy which consists of feedforward and feedback compensation loops is proposed to improve the performance of industrial robots. The feedforward loop is similar to the usual inverse-dynamics compensation. The feedback control loop uses a frequency-domain optimal controller. The design starts from the single-link case and is extended to the control of multilinkage flexible-joint robots. An experimental system consisting of a single-link robot is constructed for verifying the proposed control strategies. Experiments show good performance of the proposed control strategy in stiffening the flexible joint and in tracking desired polynomial-type trajectories
39.5.3	T. Hikihara, Y. Hirane, "A measurement of a magnetic field vector-application of the magneto-birefringence effect by magnetic fluid," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 392-397, Oct 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The measurement of a magnetic field vector using the magneto-birefringence effect in a magnetic fluid is discussed, and the characteristics of the experimental system are described. The system applies a laser diode and a thin film of magnetic fluid as a refracting element to measure magneto-birefringence. Magnetic fluids have both a large anomalous magneto-birefringence effect and a Faraday effect. These effects cause the change of intensity and the phase shift of a refracted laser beam. In the experimental system, a method for detecting these effects is proposed. On the basis of the experimental results, it is clear that the direction and the intensity of a two-dimensional magnetic field vector can be measured in the cases of both direct and alternating magnetic fields
39.5.4	J.H. Aylor, A. Thieme, B.W. Johnso, "A battery state-of-charge indicator for electric wheelchairs," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 398-409, Oct 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Deep-discharge-type lead-acid batteries used in most electric wheelchairs require acurrate battery state-of-charge indication to prevent stranding and to provide economical operation of the wheelchair. A monitoring technique combining the open-circuit voltage and the coulometric measurements had been previously implemented on a microcomputer-based circuit. This adaptive monitoring technique enables the monitor to adjust to different battery sizes as well as the aging process. Several improvements are reported. A technique has been developed to enhance the acurracy and reduce the required rest period of the open-circuit voltage measurement. The open-circuit voltage recovery curve is approximated by two asymptotes on a semilog scale. The open-circuit voltage is then extrapolated from the slope of the first asymptote before it fully stabilizes. The accuracy of the monitor has been verified in field tests, and comparison with a commercial battery monitor shows it to be superior in several respects
39.5.5	J. Holtz, "Pulsewidth modulation-a survey," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 410-420, Oct 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The author evaluates the state of the art in pulsewidth modulation for AC drives fed from three-phase voltage source inverters. Feedforward and feedback pulsewidth modulation schemes with relevance for industrial application are described and their respective merits and shortcomings are explained. Secondary effects such as the influence of load-current dependent switching time delay and transients in synchronized pulsewidth modulation schemes are discussed, and adequate compensation methods are presented. Recorded oscillograms illustrate the performance of the respective pulsewidth modulation principles. The author provides a guideline and quick reference for the practicing engineer to decide which methods should be considered for an application of a given power level, switching frequency, and dynamic response
39.5.6	R.M. Nelms, J.E. Schatz, "A capacitor charging power supply utilizing a Ward converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 421-428, Oct 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A prototype capacitor-charging power supply (CCPS) that utilizes a Ward converter is presented. This converter is a member of the family of resonant converters and is capable of zero-current switching. It is applicable to capacitor charging because of its inherent short-circuit protection and its insensitivity to the value of the load capacitance. The converter is controlled using a constant on-time constant frequency scheme that allows the utilization of zero-current switching techniques. The prototype CCPS is capable of charging various values of load capacitors up to 1000 V DC. Waveforms that show single- and repetitive-charge operation of the CCPS are presented
39.5.7	J. Majo, L. Martinez, A. Poveda, L.G. de Vicuna, F. Guinjoan, A.F. Sanchez, M. Valentin, J.C. Marpinard, "Large-signal feedback control of a bidirectional coupled-inductor Cuk converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 429-436, Oct 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Under conditions of order reduction, a nonlinear control of a bidirectional coupled-inductor Cuk converter suitable for large-signal applications is presented. The converter is accurately modeled as a second-order bilinear system, and the conditions for local controllability are established. The integration of converter state equations and the subsequent introduction of a linear recurrence between the output variable and an external reference signal lead to a nonlinear control law that is implemented by means of an analog divider, standard operational amplifiers, and a pulsewidth modulator. As a result, the output variable proportionally follows the reference signal, thus allowing different types of power waveforms in the converter output to be obtained. Experimental results verify the theoretical predictions
39.5.8	I.D. Nanov, "Influence of DC conversion ratio over small-signal performances of buck-boost programmable switching regulator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 437-443, Oct 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The influence of DC conversion ratio on the dynamic characteristics of a PWM buck-boost programmable regulator using current-injected control (CIC) and the capability of the control scheme to improve performance of the regulator are investigated. The analysis is performed by applying the small-signal model of the regulator to a number of steady-state operating points. The comparison between small-signal characteristics obtained for the same operating points and for different system open-loop gains (SOLGs) is used to evaluate the capability of CIC to improve the performance of the regulator. The analysis shows that considerable improvements can be expected only for frequencies below unity SOLG cross-over frequency and for small DC conversion ratios
39.5.9	In-Dong Kim, Eui-Cheol Nho, Gyu-Hyeong Cho, "Novel constant frequency PWM DC/DC converter with zero voltage switching for both primary switches and secondary rectifying diodes," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 444-452, Oct 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) DC/DC converter operating at constant frequency and having wide linearity is proposed. ZVS operation is achieved not only for the primary switches but also for the secondary rectifier diodes to reduce the switching stresses and losses. The converter overcomes other shortcomings of the conventional resonant DC/DC converters, among which are the high VA ratings of devices and passive components and load-dependent DC characteristics
39.5.10	A.R. Chowdhury, M.K.S. Rao, A.M. Trzynadlowski, "Disc-crawling motor: a high-torque magnetic-attraction positioning actuator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 453-459, Oct 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A novel disk-crawling motor (DCM) utilizing the forces of magnetic attraction, magnetic adhesion, and material resiliency is proposed. The motor is characterized by high-torque low-speed stepped rotational motion. Microprocessor control of the motor allows it to be used as an accurate positioning actuator. The principle of operation, a description of a prototype, and experimental results are presented
39.5.11	Tzuen-Lih Chen, Yung-Chun Wu, "An optimal variable structure control with integral compensation for electrohydraulic position servo control systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 460-463, Oct 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An approach using variable-structure control with integral compensation is presented for an electrohydraulic position servo control system to achieve accurate servo tracking in the presence of load disturbance and plant parameter variation. Simulations show that the proposed approach may give a rather accurate servo-tracking result and is fairly robust to plant parameter variation and load disturbance
39.5.12	P.J. Chrzan, P. Kurzynski, "A rotor time constant evaluation for vector-controlled induction motor drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 463-465, Oct 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The online identification method for the rotor time constant of an induction machine is derived from the steady-state analysis of the machine space vectors. The indirect field orientation system is simulated to verify the convergence of the method in quasi-steady-state operation, independent of the initial controller parameters

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volume 39, Number 6, Dec 1992 Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE IE Transactions Home Page

39.6.1	T. Fukuda, T. Shibata, "Theory and applications of neural networks for industrial control systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 472-489, Dec 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The theory and the applications of artificial neural networks, especially in a control field, are described. Recurrent networks and feedforward networks are discussed. Application to pattern recognition, information processing, design, planning, diagnosis, and control are examined. Hybrid systems using the neural networks, fuzzy sets, and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are surveyed
39.6.2	H. Hashimoto, T. Kubota, M. Sato, F. Harashima, "Visual control of robotic manipulator based on neural networks," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 490-496, Dec 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A control scheme for a robotic manipulator system that uses visual information to position and orient the end-effector is described. The control system directly integrates visual data into the servoing process without subdividing the process into determination of the position and orientation of the workplace and inverse kinematic calculation. The feature of the control scheme is the use of neural networks for the determination of the change in joint angles required in order to achieve the desired position and orientation. The proposed system is able to control the robot so that it can approach the desired position and orientation from arbitrary initial ones. Simulations for a robotic manipulator with six degrees of freedom are described. The validity and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme are verified by computer simulations
39.6.3	T. Fukuda, T. Shibata, M. Tokita, T. Mitsuoka, "Neuromorphic control: adaptation and learning," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 497-503, Dec 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A structure for a neural network-based robotic motion controller is presented. Simulations of both position and force servos are carried out, and the approach is shown to be useful for a nonlinear system in an uncertain environment. The neural network comprises a four-layer network, including input/output layers and two hidden layers. Time delay elements are included in the first hidden layer, so that the neural network can learn dynamics of the system. The authors also implement a new learning method based on fuzzy logic, which is useful to accelerate learning and improve convergence
39.6.4	H.-M. Tai, J. Wang, K. Ashenayi, "A neural network-based tracking control system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 504-510, Dec 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: An application of the backpropagation neural network to the tracking control of industrial drive systems is presented. The merits of the approach lie in the simplicity of the scheme and its practicality for real-time control. Feedback error trajectories, rather than desired and/or actual trajectories, are employed as inputs to the neural network tracking controller. It can follow any arbitrarily prescribed trajectory even when the desired trajectory is changed to that not used in the training. Simulation was performed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme
39.6.5	J. Tanomaru, S. Omatu, "Process control by on-line trained neural controllers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 511-521, Dec 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The question of how to perform online training of multilayer neural controllers in order to reduce the training time is addressed. First, based on multilayer neural networks, structures for a plant emulator and a controller are described. Basic control configurations are briefly presented, and new online training methods, based on performing multiple updating operations during each sampling period, are proposed and described in algorithmic form. One method, the direct inverse control error approach, is effective for small adjustments of the neural controller when it is already reasonably trained; another, the predicted output error approach, directly minimizes the control error and greatly improves convergence of the controller. Simulation and experimental results using a simple plant show the effectiveness of the proposed control structures and training methods
39.6.6	G.L. Dempsey, E.S. McVey, "A Hough transform system based on neural networks," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 522-528, Dec 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Neural-like analog circuitry is suggested for image-to-parameter-space mapping, and a modified Hopfield optimization network is proposed for the parameter space peak detection. Solution time under 50 μs is obtainable with general-purpose operational amplifiers. Example system applications include autonomous navigation, tracking multiple targets, curve following, mensuration, and image recognition
39.6.7	M.S. Obaidat, D.S. Abu-Saymeh, "Methodologies for characterizing ultrasonic transducers using neural network and pattern recognition techniques," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 529-536, Dec 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: System hardware for characterizing ultrasonic transducers and the associated data acquisition software and characterizing algorithms are considered. The hardware consists mainly of a workstation computer, a receiver/pulser with gated peak detector, various monitoring devices, a microcomputer-based 3D positioning controller, and an A/D converter. The characterization algorithms are based on neural network and pattern recognition techniques. It is found that artificial neural network techniques provide far better classification results than the pattern recognition techniques. A multilayer backpropagation neural network which provides a classification accuracy of 94% is developed. Two other multilayer neural networks-sum-of-products and a newly devised neural network called hybrid sum-of-products-have a classification accuracy of 90% and 93%, respectively. The most successful pattern recognition technique for this application is found to be the perceptron, which provides a classification accuracy of 77%
39.6.8	K. Saga, T. Sugasaka, M. Sekiguchi, S. Nagata, K. Asakawa, "Mobile robot control by neural networks using self-supervised learning," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 537-542, Dec 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A reinforcement learning algorithm based on supervised learning is described. It uses associative search to discover and learn actions that make the system perform a desired task. One problem with associative search is that the system's actions are often inconsistent. In the searching process, the system's actions are always decided stochastically, so the system cannot perform learned actions more than once, even if they have been determined to be suitable actions for the desired task. To solve this problem, a neural network that can predict an evaluation of an action and control the influence of the stochastic element is used. Results from computer simulations using the algorithms to control a mobile robot are described
39.6.9	H. Kita, H. Odani, Y. Nishikawa, "Solving a placement problem by means of an analog neural network ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 543-551, Dec 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: The effectiveness of the Hopfield model is examined through its application to a circuit block placement problem. The results of computer simulation show that, although the Hopfield model is not effective enough if it is used without sophisticated preexamination of combinatorial problems, it has the ability to yield quite satisfactory solutions when it is endowed with an appropriate form and parameters of the energy function. The meaning of appropriate parameter values yielding good solutions is also investigated theoretically
39.6.10	S.P. Eberhardt, R. Tawel, T.X. Brown, T. Daud, A.P. Thakoor, "Analog VLSI neural networks: implementation issues and examples in optimization and supervised learning," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 552-564, Dec 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: Time-critical neural network applications that require fully parallel hardware implementations for maximal throughput are considered. The rich array of technologies that are being pursued is surveyed, and the analog CMOS VLSI medium approach is focused on. This medium is messy in that limited dynamic range, offset voltages, and noise sources all reduce precision. The authors examine how neural networks can be directly implemented in analog VLSI, giving examples of approaches that have been pursued to date. Two important application areas are highlighted: optimization, because neural hardware may offer a speed advantage of orders of magnitude over other methods; and supervised learning, because of the widespread use and generality of gradient-descent learning algorithms as applied to feedforward networks
39.6.11	A. Ishiguro, T. Furuhashi, S. Okuma, Y. Uchikawa, "A neural network compensator for uncertainties of robotics manipulators," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 565-570, Dec 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A neural network controller for trajectory control of robotic manipulators that is used not to internalize the inverse dynamic model of the controlled object but to compensate only the uncertainties of the robotic manipulator is presented. Its performance is compared with that of the conventional adaptive scheme. The results show the ability of the neural network controller to adapt to unstructured effects. A learning method for the neural network compensator with true teaching signals is shown. The tracking error of the robotic manipulator was greatly reduced when this controller was used
39.6.12	W.B. Lawrance, W. Mielczarski, "Harmonic current reduction in a three-phase diode bridge rectifier ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 571-576, Dec 1992. Abstract Link Full Text Abstract: A novel method for reducing harmonic currents on the AC supply side of a three-phase bridge rectifier is presented. The principle of the method is to modify the current waveforms in the DC windings of the converter transformer by injecting a third harmonic current into the neutral point of the transformer. Passive LC filters connected between the rectifier output and the secondary neutral point act as third harmonic current sources. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by laboratory recordings