IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 37,  Number 1, Feb 1990           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



37.1.1    N. Hamada, K. Bekki, T. Yokota, "VLSI logic design with logic programming and knowledge-base technology," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1-5, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An approach to VLSI logic design using partial and general structural specifications in addition to behavioral specifications is developed. This approach requires a new style of programming technique, especially if a universal solution procedure for all types of architectures is needed. Knowledge of the design process involves unification of the heterogeneous (i.e. behavior and structure) information between a system and its parts, as well as representation of functional modules in order to ensure their reusability in an efficient manner. Following these strategies, a logic synthesis expert system, ProLogic, is developed, and the system is evaluated using MPU-type VLSIs. It is found that the universal connecting procedure for any compound functional module that unifies the behavioral and structural specifications between a total module and its parts improves logic design efficiency by a factor of 2 and that logic programming, object-oriented frames, and rule bases implemented in ProLogic improve software productivity by a factor of 5

37.1.2    S. Komada, K. Ohnishi, "Force feedback control of robot manipulator by the acceleration tracing orientation method," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 6-12, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors propose a novel approach to force and compliance control of multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot manipulators. The acceleration tracing orientation method (ATOM) is applied to both controllers. The control law is described in the Cartesian space; however, the final command is the acceleration in the joint space. The interactive terms in each joint disturb and deteriorate the joint motion. The disturbance observer cancels out the total sum of these terms and enables each joint to trace the acceleration command. As a result, a robust control is possible in the force task. The testing of the proposed system in a three-DOF robot manipulator is discussed

37.1.3    H.-G. Yeh, "Real-time implementation of a narrow-band Kalman filter with a floating-point processor DSP32," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 13-18, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The author presents experimental results from two studies. First, a real-time narrowband Kalman filter is implemented with a floating-point digital processor DSP32. The real-time capability of this narrowband filter is investigated by varying parameters Q and R. The covariance matrices Q and R of the dynamic and measurement noise sequences are found to exhibit duality in the real-time tuning process and have a direct effect on system stability. If the value of Q used is smaller (with fixed R ), the tracking time and the narrower tracking bandwidth of the filter will be longer. In addition, if the value of R used (with fixed Q) is smaller, the tracking time will be smaller, and the tracking bandwidth of the filter will be larger. The results are tabulated. Second, two optimal codes (in the sense of the execution speed), straight-line code and general matrix-based code, have been developed for implementing the narrowband Kalman filter. These two codes are compared in terms of program memory size, data memory size, and speed of execution. With the matrix-based code, the DSP32 performance is evaluated in terms of speed and memory size by varying the number of states of a Kalman filter. The results are also tabulated

37.1.4    R.D. Williams, F.J. Keith, P.E. Allaire, "Digital control of active magnetic bearings," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 19-27, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Theoretical relationships are developed to relate the characteristics of a controller transfer function to the stiffness and damping properties of an active magnetic bearing for machine rotors. Both proportional and derivative feedback are shown to be necessary for closed-loop system stability, and, for the ideal case, bearing stiffness and damping properties are shown to be simple linear functions of the proportional and derivative feedback gain constants, respectively. The flexibility of a digitally controlled magnetic bearing is demonstrated by the implementation of algorithms which include second-derivative and integral feedback. Second-derivative feedback is shown to be effective at extending the usable bandwidth of the digital controller, and integral feedback rejects rotor position error in the presence of static loads. The relationship between controller sampling rate and bearing performance is investigated, and it is shown that increased sampling rate and increased amounts of second-derivative feedback have similar effects on the bearing properties

37.1.5    T. Egami, H. Morita, T. Tsuchiya, "Efficiency optimized model reference adaptive control system for a DC motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 28-33, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The efficiency of a separately excited DC motor is improved by controlling both armature current and field current simultaneously. The model reference adaptive control system (MRACS) can be useful for this control problem because parameter values and load disturbance (load torque) of controlled objects vary greatly. Two adaptive control systems for efficiency-optimized speed control are proposed on the basis of MRACS theory and the error system method. These are MRACS based on the current ratio method and on the voltage/current ratio method. In these systems, integral action is introduced into MRACS to cope with the step-load disturbance. Although the parameter variation of the voltage/current ratio MRACS method is large, the number of parameters to be adjusted is small as compared with that in the current ratio MRACS method. For each method, fast transient response and good characteristics are obtained for the parameter changes, step-load disturbance, and step desired signal in simulation studies. Efficiency is considerably improved by these methods at a light-load condition

37.1.6    J.S. Hsu, A.M.A. Amin, "Torque calculations of current-source induction machines using the 1-2-0 coordinate system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 34-40, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors extend the use of the classical induction motor equations obtained through the 1-2-0 coordinate system to cover situations with nonsinusoidal, chopped current sources. Detailed analysis is demonstrated through the widely used six-pulse, current-source-inverter-fed induction machines. The derivations of two different types of analytical torque equation (time-domain and frequency-domain series equations) are given. Their results are compared with each other and with results obtained from extensive air-gap and shaft torque measurements. The only difference in results between the frequency- and time-domain methods is that the voltage pulse corresponding to the switching is not included in the time-domain method; however, a voltage spike, as indicated by the frequency-domain-series method, would be expected at each switching point because of the rapid change of flux linkage. Test results agree with calculated results

37.1.7    C.C. Chan, W.S. Leung, C.W. Ng, "Adaptive decoupling control of induction motor drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 41-47, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel control approach for a robust induction motor drive system with a voltage source inverter has been developed. In the scheme, the induction motor and its corresponding inverter gating signal are controlled using the decoupling control theory. In addition, an adaptive optimal speed regulator employing the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) is incorporated into the drive system to compensate for unfavorable errors. The principles and special features of the control scheme are discussed, and the configuration of the drive system is presented. Comparison is made between conventional proportional plus integral (PI) control and the MRAC. Test results show the robustness and superior dynamic performance of the proposed control system

37.1.8    N. Mutoh, A. Ueda, K. Sakai, M. Hattori, K. Nandoh, "Stabilizing control method for suppressing oscillations of induction motors driven by PWM inverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 48-56, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel control method that suppresses oscillations generated when an induction motor is driven by PWM (pulse width modulated) inverters is described. The suppression is done by keeping the power direction constant throughout the period of oscillation of the negative current component of the inverter input current. This period is determined only by the frequency of the PWM signals. Because it is not affected by motor parameters, such as the number of poles or motor capacity, the gains of the regulator in the control system do not have to be adjusted, even if this method is applied to various kinds of induction motor drive systems. Experiments have proven that oscillations can be suppressed regardless of the motor type or speed. This stabilizing control is suitable for general-purpose inverters that drive various types of motors

37.1.9    D. Vincenti, P.D. Ziogas, R.V. Patel, "A PC-based pulse-width modulator for static converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 57-69, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Developments in power control techniques for pulse-width-modulated inverters are often ignored because of lack of time for adequate testing and evaluation. A programmable PC-based pulse-width modulator that is designed to alleviate this problem is described. The modulator is capable of generating, in ready-to-use form, gating signals for most types of carrier or programmable pulse-width modulation (PWM) scheme under open-loop operating conditions and for most types of converter. It can also generate and display associated converter-output voltage and current waveforms and their respective frequency spectra for further evaluation of selected PWM schemes. Therefore, tasks such as the selection of PWM strategy, switching frequencies, and voltage/frequency curves (for variable-speed AC drives under open-loop control) are easier to perform. Moreover, the proposed research and development tool differs from similar devices in that it is user friendly, multipurpose, and versatile. Selected performance features of the developed prototype are demonstrated by presenting the associated experimental waveforms

37.1.10    S.K. Tso, K.H. Tang, "Digital control strategies for sinewave-output cycloconverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 70-76, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Digital control strategies for obtaining sinewave output for a current-source cycloconverter with fast dynamic response are presented. The proposed dual-multiprocessor control system ensures high-quality output. By means of a parameter estimator, it is possible to deduce the instantaneous voltage reference for the cycloconverter without resorting to a high-gain loop. With an appropriate forgetting factor chosen, the estimator is capable of fast tracking, and a reliable, stable voltage reference is thereby produced. Improvement using digital feedback control is achieved by adjusting the loop gain according to the instantaneous input reference level. The resulting current source shows excellent steady-state and transient performance in response to system disturbances, and it generally achieves good waveforms. It also works for induction motor loads under normal running conditions and should find wide application as an adjustable-frequency high-performance power convertor

37.1.11    H.M. El-Bolok, M.E. Masoud, M.M. Mahmoud, "A microprocessor-based adaptive power factor corrector for nonlinear loads," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 77-81, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor-based adaptive power factor corrector for poor power factor (linear or nonlinear) loads is introduced. The system power factor is measured by the microprocessor and compared with a predetermined reference value. Accordingly, the microprocessor adjusts the power factor to get the predetermined value. This is achieved by controlling the firing angle of a thyristorized static VAR (volt-ampere reactive) compensator through microcomputer software. The system power factor is measured by the microprocessor at every supply cycle, and the above sequence is repeated. The proposed scheme achieves both accurate measurement and adjustment of the system power factor

37.1.12    P.T. Ho, S.K. Tso, "Fast extraction of positive-sequence current from harmonically corrupted three-phase currents for TCR compensator control systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 82-85, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors discuss a practical scheme for extracting the magnitude of the positive-sequence component from harmonically corrupted three-phase currents found in modern energy systems. The scheme is cost-effective, fast, and simple in design, with the novel combination of software processing and digital and analog circuits. The scheme has been successfully applied to a microprocessor-based thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) control system and is suitable for similar real-time applications that already include one or more processing units. It is demonstrated that the scheme is adequately fast for the TCR control system because the extraction delay is typically less than half a cycle. The scheme is especially suitable for microprocessor-based control systems because the averaging function can be advantageously performed by software

37.1.13    T. Furuhashi, S. Okuma, Y. Uchikawa, "A study on the theory of instantaneous reactive power," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 86-90, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A new definition of instantaneous reactive power is presented. This definition has a clear physical meaning that includes both the conventional instantaneous reactive power and the instantaneous power of a zero-phase component. A simple control algorithm for the active filter derived from the new definition is described. Simulations verified the control algorithm

37.1.14    P.N. Enjeti, P.D. Ziogas, "Analysis of a static power converter under unbalance: a novel approach," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 91-93, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A general analysis procedure for a static power converter using the transfer function approach is presented. This method provides for closed-form expressions for all harmonics under balanced and unbalanced operating conditions. Unbalance in voltage magnitude and phase angle and errors in switching angles can be easily incorporated into the analysis. An example illustrating the effectiveness of this approach is given

37.1.15    Vineeta, K. Kant, "An efficient algorithm for the control of a microprocessor-based single-phase to three-phase cycloconverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 93-95, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An efficient algorithm is designed to calculate the intersection points of a cosine wave and a reference wave in a cycloconverter. The proposed algorithm requires a smaller number of comparisons to calculate the required intersections than the conventional linear search method; hence, processor time is reduced. The algorithm can be implemented on a microprocessor-based cycloconverter multiple feedback system. The reduced number of comparisons as compared with the linear search method make the algorithm useful for many applications in microprocessor-based control circuits

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 37,  Number 2, April 1990           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



37.2.1    J.A. De Abreu-Garcia, T.T. Hartley, F. Mossayebi, "On matrix integrators for real-time simulation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 113-118, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A matrix integration method is generalized to systems with zero eigenvalues. It is shown that the regression coefficients of the integrator can be determined without explicitly computing the inverse of the system Jacobian. This is done by transforming the original system into a new system whose Jacobian is in block upper triangular form. A numerical example is included for illustrative purposes

37.2.2    R.M.H. Cheng, S.C.L. Poon, T. Montor, "Adaptive synchronization control of a robotic manipulator operating in an intelligent workcell," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 119-126, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The formulation and implementation of a synchronization control scheme applicable to a robotic workcell is described. Such a workcell typically consists of a conveyor system that transports industrial workpieces, a binary camera to recognize the geometric and other characteristics of the workpiece, and a robotic manipulator that is suitably controlled to direct its end effector to achieve a synchronized rendezvous with the workpiece. Subsequent to a successful rendezvous, the robot may pick up the piece (in pick-an-place operations) or perform such other online operations as assembly, processing, or quality inspection. A methodology to ensure rapid rendezvous with accurate tracking is emphasized. Simulation and implementation results are compared and discussed

37.2.3    P.K. Nandam, P.C. Sen, "A comparative study of a Luenberger observer and adaptive observer-based variable structure speed control system using a self-controlled synchronous motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 127-132, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An analysis of the state-observer-based robust speed control of a self-controlled synchronous motor (SCSM) is presented. A variable-structure control technique is utilized to achieve robust (parameter-insensitive) characteristics. The speed and acceleration signals required for the implementation of the variable-structure speed control (VSSC) are dynamically estimated with state observers. Two kinds of observers-the Luenberger full-order observer and an adaptive observer-are explored. The results obtained illustrate that Luenberger observers do not estimate the system states accurately when the system parameters vary. This inaccuracy in the state estimation results in a deterioration of the VSSC performance. Therefore, the possibility of using an adaptive state observer (ASO) is investigated. It is shown that the ASO estimates the system parameters and the system states simultaneously, thus making VSSC possible. The design methods and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the potential of the scheme

37.2.4    A. Lumsdaine, J.H. Lang, "State observers for variable-reluctance motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 133-142, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A sequence of progressively more complex state observers, each driven by measurements of phase voltages and currents, is developed for variable-reluctance motors. For the simpler observers, the exponential stability of their error dynamics in a neighborhood of the origin is proved. For all observers, the results of numerical or physical experiments are provided to demonstrate the globally stable error dynamics. In several of the physical experiments, rotor position is estimated to better than one part in 50000 of a revolution

37.2.5    P.N. Enjeti, P.D. Ziogas, J.F. Lindsay, M.H. Rashid, "A new PWM speed control system for high-performance AC motor drives ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 143-151, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An approach to speed control for AC motor drives that uses programmed PWM (pulse width modulation) switching patterns over the complete range of output speed is presented. The scheme provides smooth operation during the required switching-pattern changes and guarantees high-quality output voltage and current in the AC motor load, making it most suitable for high-performance, high-efficiency applications. A detailed description of the scheme and its realization is provided. Results of an experimental investigation on a variable-speed induction motor and a permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive system illustrate the advantages of the scheme

37.2.6    H.M. El-Bolok, "A microprocessor-based firing circuit for thyristors working under a three-phase variable-frequency supply," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 152-155, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor-based firing scheme for controlling antiparallel-connected thyristors working under a three-phase variable frequency supply is presented. The firing angle is controlled by microcomputer software. The desired firing angle is given to the microprocessor and is then kept constant irrespective of supply frequency. This is achieved by measuring the frequency of one-phase (or line-to-line) voltage at every supply voltage cycle and accordingly adjusting the required time delay to get the desired firing angle for the thyristors of each phase. The required hardware is considerably reduced by using a zero-crossing detector for only the one-phase (or line-to-line) voltage of the three-phase supply. The firing instants of the thyristors connected to the other two phases are adjusted relative to the calculated instant of firing for the thyristors connected to the measured phase. The hardware and software used to implement the firing scheme are described

37.2.7    H.M. El-Bolek, S.S. Abd-El-Hamid, "A microprocessor-based self-adjusting system for integral cycle power control of RL loads," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 156-159, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor-based method is introduced to eliminate the DC current offset component in integral cycle-controlled resistive and inductive (RL) loads. After choosing a suitable initial value of the triac (or thyristor) firing angle α (90° for best results), the microprocessor adjusts α, bringing it closer to the load power factor angle φ at every burst of conduction. A firing angle that is almost equal to φ is reached after few bursts. This eliminates the undesired DC current offset component. The use of the microprocessor allows a simpler and more flexible solution to the problem than conventional techniques

37.2.8    M.K. Kazimierczuk, X.T. Bui, "Class-E amplifier with an inductive impedance inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 160-166, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A design procedure and experimental results are presented for a class-E amplifier with an inductive impedance inverter. Experimental waveforms and characteristics measured at 1 MHz with an IRF620 MOSFET are given for the amplifier, which can operate under zero-voltage switching conditions for load resistances ranging from a short circuit to an open circuit. As the load resistance is increased at a fixed frequency, (1) the output power decreases, (2) a maximum efficiency of 96% occurs for optimum operation, (3) the peak values of the transistor voltage and the transistor current decrease, (4) the normalized peak values of the transistor voltage decrease, and (5) the normalized peak values of the transistor current increase

37.2.9    J.H.R. Enslin, J.D. Van Wyk, P. Van Rhyn, J.J. Schoeman, "Low-voltage, high-efficiency switch-mode high-power inverters for AC link converter applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 167-172, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A 30 kVA high-frequency link converter, which consists of 6×5 kVA center-tap power block topologies operating in parallel, is considered for battery-fed DC-AC converter applications. Practical solutions for minimizing currents circulating between the different power blocks, avoiding transformer saturation in forced commutated center-tap topologies, and minimizing transistor-on losses are incorporated and illustrated by means of practical measurements and results. A simple single-capacitor snubber network, operating in parallel with a second-stage capacitor snubber, is used for these converter types. Typical applications include mobile and telecommunications uninterruptible power supply systems; high AC-voltage loads fed from photovoltaic or hybrid energy systems; and battery-fed, mobile, variable-speed AC and DC drives

37.2.10    J.J. Jozwik, M.K. Kazimierczuk, "Analysis and design of class-E2 DC/DC converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 173-183, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A family of class-E2 DC/DC power converters is introduced. Their analysis and design are presented and experimentally verified. The converters are composed of class-E inverters and class-E rectifiers. Zero-voltage switching (with low dv/dt) of the transistor and zero-current switching (with low di/dt ) of the rectifier diode reduce switching losses in both stages of the converters, making them especially suitable for high-frequency operation. Because of the high loaded quality factor of the resonant circuit, the range of frequency required for output-voltage regulation is as narrow as 5.46% for load resistances from a full load of 100 Ω to an open circuit. The full-load overall efficiency is 80.36% at 1 MHz. The converters can also operate at a fixed frequency if synchronous rectifiers are applied. The reduction of class-E2 converters to lower order converters is presented. Many multiresonant converter topologies are created in this way. The class-E2 converters can be utilized to build highly efficient high-power-density switching power supplies

37.2.11    C.W. De Silva, "Design equations for the tooth distribution of stepping motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 184-186, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Two design equations for stepping motors are developed in terms of number of phases, number of poles per phase, number of stator teeth per pole, number of steps per revolution, step angle, tooth pitch of the rotor, and tooth pitch of the stator. Two tooth distribution configurations are considered. In one type of motor, the tooth pitch of the rotor is not equal to the tooth pitch of the stator. In the second type, the two pitch angles are equal, but there is a pole-to-pole offset in the stator tooth distribution to generate the necessary driving torque. A typical use of the design equations is illustrated using numerical examples. The design equations can be used in the evaluation of existing motors and in the design of new motors

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 37,  Number 3, June 1990           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



37.3.1    C.M. Lim, "Experimental evaluation of a self-tuning controller," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 193-194, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A self-tuning control (STC) scheme is examined in real time by comparing its performance with that of two other control schemes. Experimental results show that the controller is superior to a well-known conventional self-tuning controller and a proportional-plus-integral (PI) self-tuning controller whose parameters are selected on the basis of a pole assignment method. The control scheme can be extended to multi-input multi-output systems

37.3.2    P.A.W. Walker, F.A. Torkey, "On-line self-tuning control of processes with inaccessible state ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 195-202, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The practical implementation of an explicit multivariable state-space self-tuning controller using a hybrid configured microcomputer system is described. The control structure is based on the minimization of a multistage quadratic performance index using dynamic programming or a single-stage performance index based on a Lyapunov function. Measurement of readily available output measurements from the controlled plant is all that is required. The system hardware is centered around a 16-b Sirius microcomputer interfaced to an analog computer on which the plant is simulated. Application software is handled under the MS-DOS operating system using a mixture of high-level and low-level programming languages

37.3.3    J.H.R. Enslin, J.D. Van Wyk, M. Naude, "Adaptive, closed-loop control of dynamic power filters as fictitious power compensators," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 203-211, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A new control philosophy, utilizing both thyristor-controlled reactive (TCR) sources and dynamic power filters (DPFs) has been proposed by J.H.R. Enslin and J.D. Van Wyk (IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol.5, no.1, 1990) in the application of fictitious power compensation. This study shows the closed-loop control of a DPF using an adaptive signal processing algorithm based on the cross-correlation between the voltage and current waveforms. The control strategy is based on the derivation of equivalent network parameters, which are calculated from digital time domain cross-correlation signal processing techniques and implemented with the aid of a microcomputer. Practical results under quasidynamic operating conditions obtained from a 15 kVA three-phase dynamic power filter are given

37.3.4    G.O. Beale, "Real-time simulation of dynamic systems on a pyramid architecture ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 212-220, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The applicability of a pyramid architecture, the GAM-2 pyramid computer, for the real-time simulation of dynamic systems is demonstrated. The architecture of the computer and the manner in which data are exchanged between processing elements are discussed. The author focuses on how the differential equations and the various computational units of the integration algorithm can be partitioned among the processing elements at the different levels in the pyramid in order to minimize the computation and data transfer times. The required computation time of an integration cycle is evaluated, and conclusions are drawn concerning the efficiency of using the GAM-2 pyramid and similar structures for digital simulation

37.3.5    G.F. Mauer, "On-line cylinder fault diagnostics for internal combustion engines ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 221-226, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The ability to continuously monitor internal combustion engines for the existence and location of faults can improve engine reliability and reduce operating costs. The diagnostics method is based on recording the engine speed fluctuations at the flywheel and at the front end of the engine over one combustion cycle. From the speed fluctuations, the cylinder-to-cylinder variations of the net engine torque are computed. The performance deterioration of an individual cylinder is detected as a drop of computed torque. The diagnostic hardware consists of a digital engine speed data acquisition system and an embedded controller and is suited for in-vehicle installation. The method, suited for any multicylinder engine, detects the location and severity of faults during normal engine operation. Adjustments for individual engines of the same class are not required

37.3.6    E.Y.Y. Ho, P.C. Sen, "A microcontroller-based induction motor drive system using variable structure strategy with decoupling," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 227-235, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The sliding-mode control concept is applied in the outer loop of a speed drive system utilizing a series-connected wound rotor induction machine (SCWRIM). A design procedure is outlined for the sliding-mode speed controller. The methods of decoupling and torque linearization for the SCWRIM are derived using the field-orientation as well as the torque angle control concepts. Sliding-mode control with cascaded integral operation is used to reduce torque chattering and steady-state error. Accelerator sliding lines are introduced to enable better utilization of the torque capability of the drive system. The parameter-insensitive response provided by this method of control is demonstrated. The effects on the dynamic and static performance with varying drive inertia and load disturbance are studied and compared with the conventional approach using PI control. The influences of sampling effects on sliding-mode control performance are also illustrated and discussed. Microcontroller-based implementation of the speed drive system is employed. Both simulation and experimental results are presented

37.3.7    S. Matsuda, H. Ogi, K. Nishimura, Y. Okataku, S. Tamura, "Power system voltage control by distributed expert systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 236-240, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A case study of the application of a distributed control scheme to a power system control is presented. In addition, an investigation has been conducted into voltage control. Combined injection of VAr-compensating devices controlled by distributed expert systems has been proposed as a measure to maintain voltage stability in a power system under heavy loading conditions. A simulation study has been carried out by using five workstations that represent a power system and four VAr-compensating devices. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system for voltage recovery

37.3.8    S.A. Hall, "Pulse-width-modulating control of a nonlinear electromagnetic actuator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 241-249, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The performance of a fast, nonlinear, clapper-type electromagnetic actuator used in impact printing is controlled by real-time measurement and feedback. The objective is to regulate flight time, which is the time from start to actuation to impact. Toward this end, control is applied digitally via pulse-width modulation of a series of coil-driving pulses, which together propel the armature through its trajectory. Each pulse is modulated individually based on state-variable errors measured on its rising edge. The functional relationships between the measured state-variable errors and the required pulse-width modulations are derived systematically, using a computer-controlled method involving trial-and-error experimentation followed by statistical regression. The resulting control law accounts for both mechanical and electrical perturbations and is expressed in an analytic format that can be applied either by look-up tables or by direct computation. Using look-up tables, typical closed-loop operation is shown to achieve dramatic reductions in flight-time error when compared with open-loop operation

37.3.9    K. Mine, Y. Morimoto, "Methods of alternating noise canceling for an instrumentation using strain gages," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 250-252, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A description is given of methods of noise canceling in instrumentation using strain gages, such as a sensor-sensordummy, a dual sensor, and a single sensor. As an example, two signals were produced by alternating the switching between the sensor and sensordummy output signals. The data processing of the two signals made a reliable signal without any noise on the signal line. In this case, `any noise' means normal mode noise (NMN) under a quarter frequency of the switching. The accuracy of this method, called alternating noise canceling, has been verified with experiments

37.3.10    A. Valenzano, L. Ciminiera, "Performance evaluation of MiniMAP networks," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 253-258, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A simulation study of the performances of MiniMAP networks is presented. The two network models used in the simulation take into account the effect of the maximum number of outstanding requests set for each manufacturing message specification (MMS) application association. Three different situations are considered. In the first, all the messages are generated at the same priority level, whereas in the other two, four priority classes that are directly mapped onto channel priorities are introduced. However, the second situation considers the use of priorities only on the client side of MMS, whereas the third uses priorities on both sides

37.3.11    J. Caven, J. Jackman, "An icon-based approach to system control development," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 259-264, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The implementation of an icon-based manufacturing message specification (MMS) messaging system for system control in a manufacturing automation protocol (MAP environment) is described. The system was designed with a four-layer hierarchy. The top layer acts as a user interface and essentially provides a data manipulation service. The next layer invokes the appropriate firmware calls to manage the communication process. The third layer consists of the firmware that handles the actual transmission of data across the network. The lowest level is the actual network hardware. Twelve MMS services were implemented in order to provide the capability to carry out a typical control session. The system was tested using software that simulates the external communications of an MMS virtual manufacturing device. The LabVIEW MAP environment used imposed at least two limitations on the operation of the system. First, LabVIEW makes no provision for data structures; therefore, each parameter had to be passed from the MMS layer to the code VI layer as a variable of a specific data type. Second, LabVIEW provides no convenient way to maintain global variables throughout a diagram

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 37,  Number 4, August 1990           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



37.4.1    J.-P. Jiang, S. Chen, P.K. Sinha, "Optimal feedback control of direct-current motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 269-274, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A methodology for real-time speed control of a thyristor-driven DC motor in the presence of measurement noise and load torque disturbance is developed. An optimal state feedback controller using the Kalman-filter state estimation technique is derived. This is followed by an adaptive control algorithm to compensate for the effects of noise and disturbance. These two algorithms working together are capable of providing a very high-speed regulation and dynamic response over a wide range of operating conditions. Simulated responses using an i80386-based PC with a mathematics coprocessor are presented to highlight the effectiveness of the control strategy

37.4.2    Tian-Hua Liu, Chang-Huan Liu, "Implementation of AC servo controllers employing frequency-domain optimization techniques," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 275-282, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The design and implementation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive based on H2 and H∞ optimal control theory are presented. A mathematical model of the drive is introduced. Based on appropriate assumptions, the model is reduced to a second-order, linear time-invariant system so that the H2 and H∞ optimization techniques are applicable. H2 and H∞ controllers are derived on the basis of the simplified model. A stability analysis is conducted, and stability regions based on controller tuning parameters and sampling periods are constructed. The relationship between closed-loop bandwidth and sampling period due to discretization effect is investigated. Implementation of the controllers and experimental results are described. A multiprocessor-based, fully digital control system is used to realize and experimentally verify the H2 and H∞ control algorithms. Controller performance is evaluated in terms of speed and position responses, and closed-loop and sensitivity frequency responses

37.4.3    T. Murata, T. Tsuchiya, I. Takeda, "Vector control for induction machine on the application of optimal control theory," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 283-290, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An approach for constructing a field-oriented control system using the state-space method is proposed. The field-oriented control system can be realized by coinciding the synchronously rotating reference frame with the axes of the secondary flux linkage reference frame and by simultaneously but independently adjusting the three control inputs. A control-system synthesis method that achieves speed control, field-oriented control, and constant flux control simultaneously is presented. The control system has a full-state feedback structure and is synthesized by applying a multi-input and multi-output optimal regulator theory. The excellent robustness of the constructed system results in zero steady-state errors for changes in parameters such as rotor resistance. The validity of the control scheme is verified by simulation studies. Results are presented for a field-oriented induction motor driven by a PWM (pulse-width modulation) inverter

37.4.4    R. Krishnan, G.-H. Rim, "Modeling, simulation, and analysis of variable-speed constant frequency power conversion scheme with a permanent magnet brushless DC generator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 291-296, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A variable-speed, constant-frequency (VSCF) power-conversion scheme with a permanent magnet DC (PMDC) brushless generator is proposed. The scheme is completely modeled for steady state by integrating the characteristic equations of the generator, the diode rectifier bridge and the inverter, and the harmonic characteristics for steady-state performance computation. Commutation overlap effects are also included. Key performance characteristics are experimentally verified with a laboratory prototype. The excellent correlation between the predicted and experimental results confirms the validity of the model. For the purpose of filter design, harmonics of the rectified generator voltages are analytically derived. A recommendation for overcoming the low power factor on the utility side at low speeds using the forced-commutated converters is given

37.4.5    A.K.S. Bhat, M.M. Swamny, "Analysis and design of a parallel resonant converter including the effect of a high-frequency transformer," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 297-306, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A high-frequency (HF)-link DC-DC parallel resonant converter (PRC) operating above resonance is analyzed using the state-space approach. The analysis includes the effect of the leakage and magnetizing inductances of the high-frequency transformer. Steady-state solutions are derived and used to obtain the design curves. A method of obtaining an optimum operating point under certain constraints is developed and used as the basis of a simple design procedure. The analysis shows that including an HF transformer introduces a new mode of operation in between the two general steady-state modes. Experimental results obtained with a MOSFET-based PRC for three different transformer turns ratios are presented to support the theory. Efficiencies of about 89% were obtained for 985 W, 115 V, and 230 V output converters, whereas an efficiency of about 86% was obtained for a 15 V, 63 A converter. It was observed that the introduction of the transformer considerably affected the performance, especially in the case of low output voltage and large load current converters

37.4.6    M.A. Manzoul, "Multiple overcurrent relays using a single microprocessor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 307-309, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The implementation of a four-overcurrent-relay system using a single 8085 microprocessor is described. The implementation is based on the concept of multitasking in microprocessors. The relays are considered to be independent of each other. Each relay is realized by a separable counter and a look-up table in the memory. The software development and hardware testing are done using the HP-64000 UX Microprocessor Development System. The system does not depend on the 8085 microprocessor; other microprocessors can be used. The hardware and software are modular, and more relays can be added

37.4.7    Vineeta, K. Kant, "Microcomputer-based single-phase to three-phase cycloconverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 310-316, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor application for a single-phase to three-phase cycloconverter is presented. An algorithm is formulated for the cosine-wave modulation method so that it requires only one reference wave (RW) to generate the trigger pulses for all three phases. The method is implemented on an 8085 microprocessor system with output frequencies that are integer submultiples of the input frequency. The operating principle of the cycloconverter is reviewed. A complete software design of the scheme is given, and test results are presented for an induction motor load. The difference between the experimental and the calculated values of the firing angle is in the range of 0 to 0.51° for the selected step size of 1°. This can be reduced further by reducing the step size from 1° to some lower value. Output voltage and current waveforms for an induction motor load approach sinusoidal

37.4.8    M. Emaami, H.C. Wood, H.M. Skarsgard, "A controller for plasma motion in a Tokamak based on model estimation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 317-322, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A simple model and its application in designing the plasma position control system in the Saskatoon Torus Medium (STOR-M ) Tokamak are described. Estimating the model parameters, the design of a controller, plasma position measurement, the design of a power driver, and the implementation and testing of the complete system are included. The following assumptions are made to simplify the plasma position model: the plasma is treated as a moving axisymmetric, current-carrying filament; the iron-core of the transformer is approximated by an infinitely long cylinder; and the STOR-M vacuum vessel is constructed of type-304L stainless steel, is circular in cross-section, and is 4 mm in thickness. The model was very useful in the early stages of the design, but due to practical constraints the parameters of the model could not be determined very accurately. A least-squares-error algorithm was used offline to determine revised estimates of the model's parameters. Based on these values, the PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller was tuned. A 30 kA plasma has been successfully contained for a time of 50 ms, which is the maximum time required for this machine

37.4.9    V. Anunciada, M.M. Silva, "New constant-frequency current-mode control for power converters, stable for all values of duty ratio, and usable in all four quadrants ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 323-325, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A constant-frequency, current-mode, pulse-width modulator (PWM) for switching power converters is presented. The PWM is stable for any value of the duty ration (δ) and is suitable for operation in one to four quadrants of the output current-voltage plane. The control system can be used with most DC-DC power-converter topologies. Due to its unique properties of δ range stability and four-quadrant operation, the control process is particularly useful in DC-AC conversion. The process is clearly advantageous compared to the other current-mode control method, the bang-bang process. It has all the advantages inherent to constant-frequency operation, including the possibility of paralleling different converters without low-frequency beating and the suppression of low-frequency subharmonics in DC-AC conversion

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 37,  Number 5, Oct 1990           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



37.5.1    T.M. Jahns, "Designing intelligent muscle into industrial motion control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 329-341, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Following a brief discussion of the underlying PIC (power integrated circuit) semiconductor technology, a tutorial review of PIC applications in a broad spectrum of stepper, DC, brushless DC, and AC motor drive configurations is presented. PIC designs used in motor drives covering a range of power ratings from <100 W to >10 kW are surveyed. Strengths and limitations of present PIC technology are discussed, revealing likely directions for future PIC developments and their potential impact on tomorrow's motion control systems

37.5.2    P.M. Pelczewski, U.H. Kunz, "The optimal control of a constrained drive system with brushless DC motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 342-348, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The optimal (according to the quadratic performance index) control method of a drive position system with an electronically commutated brushless DC motor is discussed. Initially developed for linear, unconstrained, and undistributed systems, this optimal control method is now applied to a system having constrained state and input variables (e.g. armature voltage, armature current, rotor speed) and unknown disturbances (e.g. load torque). The method uses an undisturbed and unconstrained model for a model-following adaptive control of the real system. The control method is verified through computer simulation using the data from a real drive position system. Results show that the controlled system operates effectively at the limiting state variables, which represent the real system. In addition, the final position is reached without overshoots

37.5.3    Bum-Jae You, Young Seok Oh, Zeungnam Bien, "A vision system for an automatic assembly machine of electronic components," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 349-357, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A vision system for the automatic assembly of electronic components is developed. The vision system presents information about positions, orientations, and quality of rectangular-shaped electronic components in real time. The orientation is detected by the windowed Hough transform along with a simple edge-detection method, whereas the position of each component is determined by using the projection method with dynamic thresholding. In addition, real-time implementation of the vision system in which multiple central processors are used for parallel processing of the algorithms is described

37.5.4    H. Zhang, G. Trott, R.P. Paul, "Minimum delay PID control of interpolated joint trajectories of robot manipulators," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 358-364, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The digital implementation of an optimal PID (proportional integral derivative) controller of linearly interpolated joint trajectories is presented. The controller obtains optimal performance by reformulating the PID control law to minimize the time delay between the position transducer reading and the application of the corrective torque. Compared with the PID controller that is computed in a straightforward fashion, this formulation reduces the time delay by a factor of three. The superior performance of the proposed minimum-delay PID (MD PID) is demonstrated by experiments on a robot manipulator. Other practical issues associated with a digital PID control of joint trajectories of a robot manipulator, such as integer overflow and compensation for dynamics and joint-friction, are discussed

37.5.5    S. Tzafestas, N.P. Papanikolopoulos, "Incremental fuzzy expert PID control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 365-371, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An approach to intelligent PID (proportional integral derivative) control of industrial systems which is based on the application of fuzzy logic is presented. This approach assumes that one has available nominal controller parameter settings through some classical tuning technique (Ziegler-Nichols, Kalman, etc.). By using an appropriate fuzzy matrix (similar to Macvicar-Whelan matrix), it is possible to determine small changes on these values during the system operation, and these lead to improved performance of the transient and steady behavior of the closed-loop system. This is achieved at the expense of some small extra computational effort, which can be very easily undertaken by a microprocessor. Several experimental results illustrate the improvements achieved

37.5.6    L.A. Dessaint, B.J. Hebert, H. Le-Huy, G. Cavuoti, "A DSP-based adaptive controller for a smooth positioning system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 372-377, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The implementation of a self-tuning regulator for the positioning of a direct-drive servomotor is described. The servo motor is a permanent magnet DC motor in which no speed reducer is used. The auto-tuning regulator consists of two major loops. The inner loop contains a feedback (PD or PID) regulator with additional feedforward terms. The parameters of the feedforward compensation are adjusted by the outer loop, which contains an online parameter estimator. The estimator is based on a recursive least-squares equation, and the estimated parameters are the load inertia and viscous friction. This self-tuning regulator has been simulated with PC.MATLAB, and the results demonstrate the high performance of the scheme. Experimental results obtained with a small DC motor (Electrocraft E-576) are presented, and these results show good agreement with the digital simulation results. There are two innovative aspects to this work. First, parameter estimation is used to adapt the feedforward compensation terms instead of the gains of the feedback controller, as usually is the case in conventional indirect self-tuning regulators. Secondly, the complete adaptive controller has been implemented using a single-chip digital signal processor (DSP), which results in the reduction of system hardware and cost

37.5.7    M. Yamaguchi, T. Saito, M. Izumitani, S. Sugita, Y. Tsutsumi, "Analysis of control characteristics using fuel cell plant simulator ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 378-386, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: To estimate the operational characteristics of duel cell power plants, the authors developed a dynamic simulator and analyzed the operating characteristics. In the simulations, attention is given to the pressure difference between the cathode and anode of the fuel cell and the system base pressure. The former is important for safe operation of the fuel cell and the latter is important for safe operation of the reformer. For load following and shut-down modes of the 1 MW plant studied, calculation results were compared with actual test results and agree fairly well

37.5.8    S. Lorenzo, J.M. Ruiz, F. Aldana, M. Shaker, "A new modeling and simulation CAD package for power converter design," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 387-397, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The PECADS software CAD package is a powerful PC-based tool, used in the study and design of power electronics, in which a new real structure simulation concept has been developed. The system has the capability for steady-state simulation, which allows topology election, FFT analysis, etc., and for slow down real-time simulation, which allows system identification, digital regulator synthesis, and closed-loop system simulation. The full PECADS package also includes power semiconductors, protection sizing (using the magnitudes simulation capability), and a dedicated expert system that generates the most adequate switching pattern sequence for every application. The total system is fully open to expansion or improvement

37.5.9    N.C. Das, A.K. Mukhopadhyay, "Microprocessor-based on-line monitoring and characterization of power factor of a synchronous motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 398-401, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An attempt is made to develop a microprocessor-based system for online monitoring of the power factor of a synchronous motor. The method is based purely on software design with the use of two resistors (of small ohmic values and high current carrying capacity) connected in series with the field circuit and load circuit, which generate the reference signals for the microprocessor. However, for mechanical loading, the resistance in the load circuit may be replaced by a torque transducer. The interesting feature of the system is its capability to characterize the status (i.e. leading, lagging, or unity) of the power factor. The system is helpful in providing necessary information for power factor corrections leading to the best utilization of the synchronous motor

37.5.10    B.K. Bose, "An adaptive hysteresis-band current control technique of a voltage-fed PWM inverter for machine drive system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 402-408, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An adaptive hysteresis-band control method where the band is modulated with the system parameters to maintain the modulation frequency to be nearly constant is described. Although the technique is applicable to general AC motor drives and other types of load, an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine load is considered. Systematic analytical expressions of the hysteresis band are derived as functions of system parameters. An IPM machine drive system with a voltage-fed current-controlled PWM (pulse width modulation) inverter has been computer simulated to study the performance of the proposed method

37.5.11    L.D. Salazar, P.D. Ziogas, "A high-frequency forward DC/DC converter topology with transformer flux balancing capability," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 409-418, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The analysis and design of a high-frequency forward DC/DC power converter topology with transformer flux balancing capability is presented. The converter utilizes a main switch for load current commutation and an auxiliary switch for transformer flux balancing. Moreover, the converter topology provides the means to recover the energy associated with the parasitic inductances of the circuit components, thus yielding high efficiency and allowing for high operating frequencies. Experimental results for a 1 kW, 20 kHz prototype unit are presented

37.5.12    R.K.F. Teng, A.A. Mostafa, A. Karim, "Study of solar cell fabrication using an electrostatic thick-film printing method," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 419-423, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel thick-film circuit printing technique which is based on the electrostatic principle known as noncontact electrostatic thick-film printing was developed for the metallization of edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) solar cells. The conventional thick-film solar cell inks were modified by adding 10-20% terpineol solvent. The effects of ink viscosity, applied voltages, nozzle diameter, and nozzle-to-substrate distance on line definition and ink-flow rate were investigated. A simple theoretical model was derived for the electrostatic ink ejection. The minimum line width obtained was 3 mm. Multilayer printing was able to be used to raise the line film thickness. The maximum line width obtained was about 20-30 mm for a single run. The system is now completely computercontrolled and capable of printing films onto solar cell substrates reliably, with a high degree of accuracy. Multiple-layer prints can be made with food layer-to-layer registration

37.5.13    Hurng-Liahng Jou, Hui-Yung Chu, Ching-Lien Huang, Chin-Hsing Chen, "A shortest data window algorithm for detecting the peak value of sinusoidal signals," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 424-425, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A digital algorithm for detecting the peak value of known-frequency sinusoidal signals is proposed. The algorithm detects the peak value of a sinusoidal signal exactly and uses only two successive sampled data points for each peak value calculation. Hence, its transient response is only a sampling period. Simulation results show that this algorithm is applicable to detecting the peak value of steady-state, varying, and decaying sinusoidal signals used in power system telecontrol. Therefore, this technique is very useful for digital systems in which the peak value of sinusoidal signals must be detected

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 37,  Number 6, Dec 1990           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



37.6.1    V. Catania, L. Milazzo, A. Puliafito, L. Vita, "Enhancing reliability in an industrial LAN: design and performability evaluation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 433-441, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A fault-tolerant fiber-optic LAN (local area network) is presented and assessed. The reliability of this LAN has been increased by introducing redundancy into the physical transmission medium and by providing the network with a monitor process that is capable of detecting and isolating faults automatically. The network is modeled by applying Markov process theory, through which the mean time to failure (MTTF) and performability are assessed. The results obtained show that the network exhibits a significant increase in MTTF and performability, which is all the more evident if the coverage factor c is closer to 1 and if the number of stations is higher. Redundancy in the transmission medium and the monitor process enable the network to overcome the typical reliability limitations affecting ring topologies and allow it to be used in some critical industrial applications

37.6.2    P. Montuschi, A. Valenzano, L. Ciminiera, "Selection of token holding times in timed-token protocols," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 442-451, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Minimum requirements for the high-priority token holding time (HPTHT) in a network using timed token access protocols (such as IEEE 802.4 and FDDI) are derived in order to ensure that the throughput of synchronous messages is no lower than the amount of traffic generated for that class. The minimal value is essential in order to avoid unbounded queue length for the synchronous class as well as to achieve high network responsiveness. The results have been obtained for synchronous messages generated according to a generic periodic pattern with no constraint for the shape and for the period of the pattern. The manner in which the theoretical results obtained can be used to tune the network performance is also shown

37.6.3    Fu-Juay Chang, Hsiang-Ju Liao, Shyand Chang, "Position control of DC motors via variable structure systems control: a chattering alleviation approach," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 452-459, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel chattering alleviation control (CAC) algorithm is proposed for variable structure systems (VSSs). Both analog and digital controllers using the theory of CAC are applied to the position control problem of a DC servomotor system. Comparisons of the CAC with other VSS control algorithms indicate that the chattering can be alleviated. Since the input of the CAC method contains only low-frequency components, it will not excite unmodeled high-frequency plant dynamics

37.6.4    N. Hemati, J.S. Thorp, M.C. Leu, "Robust nonlinear control of brushless DC motors for direct-drive robotic applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 460-468, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The control problem associated with brushless DC motors (BLDCMs) for direct-drive robotic applications is considered. In order to guarantee the high-performance operation of BLDCMs in such applications, the effects of reluctance variations and magnetic saturation are accounted for in the model. Such a BLDCM model constitutes a highly coupled and nonlinear dynamic system. Using the transformation theory of nonlinear systems, a feedback control law, which is shown to compensate for the system nonlinearities, is derived. Conditions under which such a control law is possible are presented. The need for the derivation of explicit commutation strategies is eliminated, resulting in reduction of the computations involved. To guarantee the high-performance operation of the system under substantial uncertainties, a robust control law is derived and appended to the overall control structure. The inclusion of the robust controller results in good tracking performance when there are modeling and measurement errors and payload uncertainties. The efficacy of the overall control law is investigated by considering a single-link direct-drive arm actuated by a BLDCM

37.6.5    R. Krishnan, P.N. Materu, "Design of a single-switch-per-phase converter for switched reluctance motor drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 469-476, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The main considerations in the design of a single-switch-per-phase converter for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive are described, with particular attention given to the choice of converter topology, the type of switching devices, the normalized rating of the power devices, and input filter design. The converter uses MOSFET switches. Experimental verification is included with a 6/4 pole personal-computer-controlled prototype SRM drive

37.6.6    C.C. Chan, H. Wang, "An effective method for rotor resistance identification for high-performance induction motor vector control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 477-482, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An effective method for rotor resistance identification is presented for the purpose of improving the performance of vector control of induction motor drives. The method is mathematically derived from proper selection of coordinate axes and utilization of the steady-state model of the induction motor. The major advantages of the method lie in its simplicity and accuracy. A series of computer simulations has been performed with very satisfactory results

37.6.7    I. Avitan, V. Skormin, "Mathematical modeling and computer simulation of a separately excited DC motor with independent armature/field control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 483-489, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A mathematical model of a separately excited DC motor, providing an in-depth description of major physical transformations, is developed. The model is implemented in computer simulation code which, in combination with a SIMPLEX optimization procedure, is used for parameter estimation and model verification. The model is suggested as a basis for development of microprocessor-based control procedures providing additional flexibility as well as optimizing motor performance

37.6.8    S.S. Valtchev, J.B. Klaassens, "Efficient resonant power conversion," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 490-495, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The DC analysis of a series-resonant converter operating above resonant frequency is presented. The results are used to analyze the current form factor and its effect on the efficiency. The selection of the switching frequency to maximize the efficiency is considered. The derived expressions are generalized and can be applied to calculations in any of the switching modes for a series-resonant circuit. For switching frequencies higher than the resonant frequency, an area of more efficient operation is indicated which will aid in the design of this class of converters and power supplies. It is pointed out that (especially for power MOSFETs where ohmic losses dominate) it is more attractive to select switching frequencies that are higher than the resonant frequency because of the possibility of nondissipative snubbers. Slowing down the rise of the gate voltage and, hence, the slow decrease of ON resistance during turn-on is also not a drawback to high-frequency switching. Because of this safer operation, the standard intrinsic diode of the power MOSFET could be used at high frequencies instead of the more expensive FREDFET

37.6.9    L.D. Salazar, P.D. Ziogas, "A high-frequency two-switch forward converter with optimized performance," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 496-505, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The analysis and design of a high-frequency two-switch forward converter topology with transformer flux balancing and extended duty cycle capability are presented. To improve converter performance, an auxiliary circuit connected in parallel with each power switch is proposed. This auxiliary circuit uses a low-power switch or a nonlinear resistor connected in series with a capacitor. As a result, the DC component of the magnetizing current is minimized, and the converter provides the means of recovering the energy associated with the parasitic inductances of the circuit components. Thus, higher than usual efficiency and higher operating frequencies are obtained. Experimental results are presented for a 4 kW, 40 kHz prototype unit

37.6.10    J. Holtz, K.-H. Werner, "Multi-inverter UPS system with redundant load sharing control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 506-513, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The concept of a redundant multi-inverter UPS (uninterruptible power supply) system which includes extended monitoring of the status and the operating conditions of all power electronic equipment is described. Each block of the UPS system is monitored by two independent microcomputers that process the same data. The microcomputers are part of a redundant distributed monitoring system that is separately interlinked by two serial data buses through which they communicate. They establish a hierarchy among the participating blocks by defining one of the healthy inverter blocks as the master. The actual master runs the central synchronizing unit for the entire system, whereas the slave units perform the control of equal active and reactive load sharing. Operation and fault detection are experimentally illustrated in a dual inverter system with a rating of 10 kVA of redundant power

37.6.11    F.J. Gracia, F. Arizti, F.J. Aranceta, "A nonideal macromodel of thyristor for transient analysis in power electronic systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 514-520, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A nonideal SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) macromodel for analog power circuit simulation using SPICE has been developed. This model adds important second-order effects such as overvoltage and critical dVAk/dt switch-on, turn-on, and tq times, threshold gate trigger voltage, and nonlinear on-state characteristics. The parameters of any specific SCR can be easily obtained from its data sheet specifications. Any kind of thyristor, from high power up to fast turn-off, can be modeled with only 10 well-defined parameters. Electronic systems with electrical transients can be successfully simulated. Good agreement between manufacturer data sheet specifications and simulated results has been observed for all the thyristors considered

37.6.12    A.R. Prasad, P.D. Ziogas, S. Manias, "A novel passive waveshaping method for single-phase diode rectifiers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 521-530, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel passive waveshaping method for single-phase diode rectifiers is presented. It is shown that application of the proposed method maintains high-input power factor, lowers rectifier current stresses, and lowers the volt-ampere (VA) rating of the associated reactive components as compared to the standard diode rectifier. Relevant input and output current waveforms, component ratings, and power factor values are derived. Different modes of operation are discussed as a means of obtaining high performance. Key predictions, such as input/output waveforms and associated harmonic spectra, have been verified experimentally on a 1 kVA laboratory prototype unit

37.6.13    N. Ammasaigounden, M. Subbiah, "Microprocessor-based voltage controller for wind-driven induction generators," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 531-537, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor-based closed-loop system has been developed for wind-driven self-excited induction generators using a controlled rectifier to maintain a constant DC load voltage with varying rotor speeds. The configuration and implementation of the control scheme are described. Test results on a self-excited induction generator demonstrate the satisfactory performance of both the hardware and the software of the control scheme, and the utility of the set-up as a whole. The steady-state analysis of the generator is extended to include the controlled rectifier, and the performance characteristics are predicted

37.6.14    Y.-Q. Shi, K.K. Yen, D. Zhang, "Improved stability robustness of linear discrete-time systems via a linear fractional transformation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 538-543, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Through a linear fractional transformation in the frequency domain, a set of hyperellipsoids, containing only such points in the coefficient space which correspond to stable polynomials in linear discrete-time systems, was obtained. Procedures for searching for a suitable transform parameter β that will achieve a possibly larger coefficient perturbation range (with guaranteed stability) than that obtained by C.B. Soh et al. (1985) are presented. When β=0, the hyperellipsoid degenerates to the largest hypersphere. The result in this work is, therefore, a generalization of the result obtained by C.B. Soh et al

37.6.15    M.M. Jovanovic, C.-S. Leu, F.C.Y. Lee, "Zero-voltage-switched multiresonant converter for high-power, pulse-load applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 544-555, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A full-bridge zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) multiresonant converter (MRC) was built for a pulse load with a peak power of 1.44 kW and an average power of 360 W. The converter works with an input-voltage range from 220 to 350 V, and delivers 32 V to the pulse load with a constant peak current of 45 A. The efficiency range of the converter was measured from 82.5 to 90.5%. The maximum efficiency occurs at low line and decreases as the input voltage increases. Detailed analysis and design of the converter, along with experimental results, are presented

37.6.16    D.C. Hanselman, "Resolver signal requirements for high accuracy resolver-to-digital conversion," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 556-561, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Tracking resolver-to-digital (R/D) conversion has emerged as the most robust method for obtaining high-resolution position information from resolvers. When driven by ideal resolver signals, tracking R/D converters currently offer position resolutions up to 216 quantization intervals/period (16-b resolution), and accuracies to 214 intervals/period (14-b accuracy). The effects of nonideal resolver signal characteristics commonly encountered in practice are investigated. Expressions for the position error reported by an R/D converter due to amplitude imbalance, quadrature error, inductive harmonics, reference phase shift, excitation signal distortion, and disturbance signals are found. From these expressions, bounds on the position accuracy achievable in practical resolver-based position-sensing systems are determined

37.6.17    P.C. Sen, "Electric motor drives and control-past, present, and future," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 562-575, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A comprehensive review of the state of the art in the field of electric motor drives and control strategies is presented. It is pointed out that drive technology has seen impressive growth during the last three decades. Recent advances in semiconductor power electronics and microelectronics have made is possible to use AC motors in many variable-speed drive applications. Implementation of new control techniques, such as field-oriented control and variable-structure control with sliding-mode features, has made AC motors a viable alternative to DC motors in high-performance drive applications. The advent of microprocessors/microcontrollers/microcomputers has made it possible to implement these complex control techniques

37.6.18    Z.O. Yonah, A.M. El-Serafi, A.E. Krause, "On the use of a digital computer as a two-phase variable-amplitude variable-frequency oscillator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 576-581, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A feasibility study on the use of a digital computer as a variable-amplitude variable-frequency oscillator which generates two-phase sinusoidal excitation control signals for a dual-excited synchronous generator is described. The oscillator uses two input signals. One input signal is used to control the frequency of the oscillator outputs, and the other is used to control their amplitudes. By a single variable, the software can be configured to vary the oscillator frequency range and to greatly reduce (almost eliminate) the harmonic distortion of the output signals. The harmonic distortion is constant and independent of the output frequency for each possible oscillator frequency range. The software-based oscillator design is flexible and can be used to generate different types of multiphase signal waveforms

37.6.19    E.J. Tacconi, R.J. Mantz, "Linearization and feedforward compensation for switching systems ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 581-584, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The linearization of a switching system including a feedforward compensation for power supply perturbations is obtained by the addition of a high-frequency signal. A general expression for the required shape and amplitude of this high-frequency signal is derived. The method is analyzed for its application to AC phase control systems. The method is outlined for the case of a DC electric motor phase control. It is then generalized to any nonlinear switching system

37.6.20    M. Bramanti, "A high sensitivity measuring technique for capacitive sensor transducers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 584-586, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A measuring technique is proposed for a capacitive-type sensor that has been developed to measure the density of dielectric powder gaseous suspensions. The basic principle of the proposed technique is to measure the variations of sensor capacitance by measuring the phase shift between voltage and current in a series RLC circuit tuned to resonance. Experimental results obtained with the technique are presented