IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 35,  Number 1, Feb 1988           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



35.1.1    I.L. Erickson, "Implementing a carrier-band node using VLSI," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1-5, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: With the IEEE 802.4 token bus standard rapidly gaining acceptance because of its useful features and inclusion in the GM MAP (General Motors manufacturing automation protocol) specification, semiconductor companies are implementing this standard. A carrier-band implementation can provide a low-cost token bus node with up to 10 Mbs data rates. A carrier-band node that includes a token bus controller (TBC), carrier-band modem (CBM), host processor, and memory can be quickly and inexpensively designed using VLSI computer-aided design (CAD) techniques. One such implementation is presented. The token bus controller (TBC) implements the medium-access control (MAC) function in accordance with the IEEE 802.4 standard. The carrier-band modem (CBM) chip implements the 802.4 carrier-band physical layer. An IEEE recommended standard serial interface is used to pass information between the carrier-band modem and the token bus controller

35.1.2    H.A. Schutz, "The role of MAP in factory integration," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 6-12, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The interplay of technology and market factors surrounding the manufacturing automation protocol (MAP) is examined. A four-tier hierarchical industrial communications model is presented and MAP is positioned within it. Several events and decisions during the evolution of MAP are identified as having had unusually far-reaching effects in terms of the way MAP is being used. It is asserted that MAP will play a key role in factory-wide networking, but nonstandard networks are still widely used where standards fail to address special requirements of performance or function. The effect that the development of real-time versions of MAP-like networks will have on factory communications is described. The central issue in such real-time networks is to provide both the responsiveness required by the application and the services required for wide connectivity among devices. The impetus to embrace MAP is yielding network designs different from ones based solely on technical considerations. Two case studies are presented to discuss the technical, administrative, and economic factors surrounding early MAP usage

35.1.3    A.C. Weaver, C.F. Summers, "The IEEE token bus-A performance bound on GM MAP," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 13-17, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: All versions of the General Motors manufacturing automation protocol (GM MAP) specify that MAP's lower-layer services are to be provided by the IEEE 802.4 token bus. An understanding of 802.4 and its performance aspects is therefore a prerequisite to predicting the performance of MAP. It is shown how total bus capacity is divided among data throughput, token traffic, and propagation delays. The relative contributions of access delay and queuing delay to total message delivery time are discussed. The effects on message delivery times of message size and the number of active stations are also reported. As the token cycle time increases beyond the target rotation time for each of the asynchronous access classes, service to the lower-priority classes is curtailed; a formula that can be used to identity the offered load at which the transition from normal to curtailed service begins is presented

35.1.4    L. Ciminiera, C. Demartini, A. Valenzano, "Industrial IEEE 802.3 networks with short delivery time for urgent messages," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 18-25, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Two solutions are investigated for introducing priority mechanisms in the CSMA/CD (carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection) protocol defined in the IEEE 802.3 standard to provide short delivery times for urgent messages even when the overall traffic on the channel is heavy. Thus the CSMA/CD protocol, attractive because of its low cost, also becomes suitable for a class of industrial control applications. The proposed schemes can easily be implemented by using already-available chips and boards because they are based on the dynamic management of a transmission parameter, the slot time; this feature is already present in the standard IEEE 802.3, where it is set statically when the network is configured. The first configuration considered implements a message priority scheme, where the priority level for the station can be updated at each new message transmission, varying the slot time according to the message characteristics. The second configuration introduces a fixed-station-priority mechanism which allows each node in the network to be assigned to a specific priority class

35.1.5    R.C. Luo, "A microcomputer-based intelligent sensor for multiaxis force/torque measurement," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 26-30, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The author describes the design and implementation of a pair of sophisticated robot fingers that enable the sensing of information from three axes of force and three axes of torque using piezoresistive strain gauges as sensing elements with conversion to frequency as the output. The fingers may be mounted on a servo-controlled robot gripper and interfaced with a robot controller to serve as an active compliance device for small-part assembly tasks. This force/torque sensor with frequency output using an RC oscillation principle has demonstrated great advantages in signal conditioning and processing relative to conventional voltage output techniques. The design of robotic fingers and multiaxis force/torque sensors with signal conditioning/processing, and data acquisition with a microprocessor system are described. A description of the test results is also presented

35.1.6    K. Furuta, K. Kosuge, N. Mukai, "Control of articulated robot arm with sensory feedback: laser beam tracking system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 31-39, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A method for the trajectory tracking control of an articulated robot arm using sensory feedback is presented. First, a general control algorithm for such a problem is presented. To implement sensory feedback effectively, the dynamics of a robot arm is described in the task coordinate system. Then the dynamics of the robot arm in the task coordinate system are linearized using nonlinear feedback. Because the linearization cannot be done completely because of variations and identification errors of the physical parameters of a robot arm, a robust controller is designed so that the effect of parameter variations and errors can be lessened. The control law is shown to be simplified by the use of high-gain feedback. The simplification can make the implementation of the control law very easy. The proposed algorithm is applied to the trajectory-tracking control of an articulated robot arm using a laser beam. The experiments show that the proposed algorithm works well for such a sensory feedback system

35.1.7    M. Kabuka, J. Desoto, J. Miranda, "Robot vision tracking system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 40-51, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A system designed to test a tracking theory for finding the position of an object in a scene, even when it is entering or exiting, is described. The design of a servo system used to move the camera while tracking the object is proposed. The technique involves the fundamental frequency of the Fourier transform of the vertical and horizontal projections of the image. This technique will work with stationary or moving objects as well as with a stationary or moving camera. The objective is to apply this technique to find the line between the camera and the object, such that the robot arm could follow that line until it encountered the object, and then seize it. This technique may also be useful in performing camera calibration

35.1.8    K. Furuta, M. Sampei, "Path control of a three-dimensional linear motional mechanical system using laser," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 52-59, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A sensory feedback controller for a three-dimensional linear-motion mechanical system is proposed. This controller specifies that the end-effector of the mechanical system will follow the path of a laser beam according to the operator's commands. Thus, it is possible to manually position the end-effector by moving the laser beam and specifying whether the end-effector should move forward or backward along its path. This system is ideal for manually operating robots. The sensor is designed to detect both the laser beam's direction and the end-effector's deviation from the beam's path. The experimental results confirm the viability of the proposed system. The controller can also be used for highly accurate servo-control because the position of the end-effector can be directly determined from the laser beam

35.1.9    A.M. Trzynadlowski, "Energy optimization of a certain class of incremental motion DC drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 60-66, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A joint approach to the design and control of energy-optimal incremental motion, load-invariant DC drives is presented. The drive is to rotate a given load through a definite angle in limited time, at minimum energy dissipation in the motor windings. It is required that the motor be of the minimum possible rating. An energy-optimal multimode control strategy for the drive is developed, and its microprocessor-based implementation is proposed. The motor and the so-called key parameters of the drive are determined by graphical solution of a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. A design example is included to illustrate the theoretical considerations

35.1.10    P.P. Acarnley, A. Hughes, "Machine/drive circuit interactions in small variable-reluctance stepping and brushless DC motor systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 67-74, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors investigate the torque, losses, and efficiency of small brushless DC and stepping-motor systems, and explain how performance is influenced by excitation mode, drive circuit, and machine parameters. Quantitative deductions are made for a three-phase reluctance-type machine based on computed steady-state results. For a given machine and drive circuit, maximum torque is obtained with an excitation mode that allows each phase to be turned on for half of the complete excitation cycle. However, if maximum efficiency is the aim, phase excitation must occur for a shorter period, e.g. by exciting only one phase at a time. When making comparisons between drive circuits, the most important measure of drive-circuit capability is the circuit power available at low speeds. Drive circuits producing rapid current decay at phase turn-off benefit torque production in the two-phase-on excitation mode, but are detrimental with the one-phase-on mode. At high speed the pull-out torque depends on the unsaturated inductance parameters of the machine. For maximum torque these parameters must be correctly proportioned, their values being dependent on the excitation mode

35.1.11    Z.K. Wu, E.G. Strangas, "Feed forward field orientation control of an induction motor using a PWM voltage source inverter and standardized single-board computers ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 75-79, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The implementation of a speed-control regulator for an induction motor with single-board computers and as much standardized hardware as possible is described. The improvements over previous attempts include mainly the use of gating pulse patterns previously stored in the memory of a computer board, the use of coprocessing, and of a technique combining both software and hardware to sample motor currents with the required accuracy. The experimental system proved stable and robust against variations of rotor resistance and responded well to step-input changes

35.1.12    D.W.J. Pulle, A. Hughes, "High-speed performance of variable-reluctance stepmotors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 80-84, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An analytical study is carried out with the aid of Blondel diagrams in order to identify the key parameters responsible for the performance limitations in a unipolar step-motor drive. It is shown that the fundamental component of the excitation voltage waveform and the total phase resistance govern the maximum output-power capability of the drive. Predicted and experimental results are presented for a multistack motor which demonstrated not only the validity of the theory but also highlights the effectiveness of using Blondel diagrams for stepping motor analysis

35.1.13    G.C. Verghese, S.R. Sanders, "Observers for flux estimation in induction machines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 85-94, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Flux estimation in induction machines is examined from the viewpoint of observer theory. It is pointed out that estimators presently used in connection with schemes such as field-oriented control are typically real-time simulations of machine equations, without feedback of any corrective prediction error. It is shown that corrective feedback can be used to speed up convergence of the flux estimates. It can also reduce the sensitivity of the estimates to parameter variations

35.1.14    K. Saito, K. Kamiyama, T. Ohmae, T. Matsuda, "A microprocessor-controlled speed regulator with instantaneous speed estimation for motor drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 95-99, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A method for estimating instantaneous speed, suited for a microprocessor-based speed regulator for motor drives, and the characteristics of the speed control system are described. Features of the proposed method include the estimation of instantaneous speed at a real-time point using values of average speed detected by counting for a certain time the output pulses of an encoder as well as the estimated value as the speed feedback signal for the speed regulator. Since this method allows compensation to be made for the lag time of the feedback signal caused by detection of the mean value, it contributes to improved stability of the speed regulator. In particular, this provides a significant suppression of the vibrations that are generated in motor-driven machinery

35.1.15    H. Hanselmann, A. Engelke, "LQG-control of a highly resonant disk drive head positioning actuator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 100-104, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A fast fine-positioning controller has been designed for a rotary-actuator-type magnetic-storage disk drive. The controller was designed using the LQG (linear quadratic Gaussian) methodology and has been implemented on a digital signal processor. It is shown that LQG design is a viable approach, and that various problems associated with the structural resonances of the actuator can be solved

35.1.16    Y.-S. Li, T.Y. Young, J.A. Magerl, "Subpixel edge detection and estimation with a microprocessor-controlled line scan camera," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 105-112, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor-controlled line scan camera system for measuring edges and lengths of steel strips is described, and the problem of subpixel edge detection and estimation in a line image is considered. The edge image is assumed to change gradually in its intensity, and the true edge location may be between pixels. Detection and estimation of edges are based on measurement of gray values of the line images at a limited number of pixels. A two-stage approach is presented. At the first stage, a computationally simple discrete-template-matching method is used to place the estimated edge point to the nearest pixel value. Three second-stage methods designed for subpixel estimation are examined. The modified Chebyshev polynomial and the three-point interpolation method do not require much knowledge on the shape of the edge intensity. If the functional form of the edge is known, a least-square estimation method may be used for better accuracy. In the case of nonstationary Poisson noise, a recursive maximum-likelihood method for the first-stage edge detection, followed by subpixel estimation, is proposed

35.1.17    W.K.N. Anakwa, M.N.S. Swamy, "Boiler plant control using a minimum order dynamic pole placement compensator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 113-118, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A quadratic performance index with a prescribed degree of stability is used to select the desired closed loop poles of a boiler plant in a 150 MW power station. Using only the available output variables for feedback. Fortran computer programs are written to design a dynamic compensator of minimum order p to achieve placement of the desired closed loop poles. The plant and the dynamic output feedback controller are simulated on a CDC Cyber 170-835 digital computer. The performance of the boiler plant controlled by the dynamic compensator is compared to performances under observer-based and state feedback controllers

35.1.18    T. Fong-Chwee, H.R. Sirisena, "Self-tuning PID controllers for dead time processes," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 119-125, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A number of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) based self-tuning controllers exist for the control of difficult processes. A common weakness of these self-tuning PID controllers is their inability to cope with dead-time processes. Here, self-tuning controllers based on a pole-assignment approach, which can overcome fractional dead time, constant and known dead time, plus time-varying dead time, are presented. It is shown using the simulation and experimental results that the controllers work well in handling dead-time processes

35.1.19    J. Tan, N. Kyriakopoulos, "Implementation of a tracking Kalman filter on a digital signal processor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 126-134, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A Kalman filter for tracking moving objects has been implemented on a TMS32010 digital signal processor. Tracking accuracy and quantization effects of the implementation have been measured by comparing the filter to one implemented on a general-purpose computer with a 32 bit word length. The filter design has been optimized to minimize the program memory requirements and execution speed. Although the filter has been implemented on a specific signal processing chip, the design is general enough to be applicable to any other digital signal processor. The filter can be used for tracking objects for industrial or other applications where range and bearing measurements are available. For motion on a plane, the filter can be used to track objects where the maximum system bandwidth is 1680 Hz; for three-dimensional motion the system bandwidth is 1120 Hz. Using the approach presented, higher system bandwidth can be accommodated through higher-speed digital signal processors

35.1.20    G.A. Girgis, K. Horn, G. Kruse, "Measurement of mechanical vibrations using eddy current transducers and simple digital demodulating techniques," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 135-140, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A coil with a soft magnetic ferrite core and excited by an AC current is placed near a metallic vibrating object. The impedance of the coil is influenced by the vibrations, so the voltage across the impedance is composed of a carrier voltage signal modulated by the mechanical vibrations. The produced signal is processed through a 10 bit analog-to-digital converter, a RAM, and a transient recorder for storing the data. It is found that the calculation of the fast Fourier transform of the quadrature of the stored data of the signal gives a rapid and accurate digital demodulation technique. A Z-80 microcomputer is used for storing and processing the data. A small number of points at the frequency spectrum will give the required unknown values of the amplitude and frequency of the mechanical vibrations

35.1.21    G.-H. Choe, M.-H. Park, "A new injection method for AC harmonic elimination by active power filter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 141-147, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An injection method for an active filter which eliminates the harmonics present in AC lines by injecting PWM harmonic compensating current is proposed. In the proposed method, the active filter produces a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) current that cancels the existing harmonics up to any order completely. To generate such PWM current, both inverter and DC current source is needed. The current source can be replaced by a large inductor without any external power source. This can be achieved by providing the inverter with rectifying capability because the inverter has the same circuit structure as the rectifier. Therefore, the proposed model of PWM injection current includes not only the harmonic components to suppress the existing harmonics up to any order, but also the fundamental one, to raise the inductor current to any desired value. The characteristics of the injection method are investigated through a digital computer simulation. Feasibility is proved by the experimental results

35.1.22    Y.-S. Lee, Y.C. Cheng, "Computer-aided analysis of electronic DC-DC transformers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 148-152, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An approach to the analysis of electronic DC-to-DC transformers using the SPICE simulation program as an aid is presented. In this approach, the minimum separable switching configuration (MISSCO) of a DC-to-DC transformer is first identified and its equivalent circuit determined before analysis and simulation are carried out on the complete converter circuit. Both the modeling of the MISSCO and the simulation using SPICE program can be easily performed to produce plots of frequency and phase characteristics of the circuit, which are useful for design purposes. A full analysis of the DC-to-DC transformer is also described to enhance an understanding of the circuit behavior, in addition to just modeling and simulation

35.1.23    A.K.S. Bhat, S.B. Dewan, "A novel utility interfaced high-frequency link photovoltaic power conditioning system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 153-159, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Utility-line-interfaced photovoltaic power conditioning (PVPC) systems are gaining popularity in augmenting energy. PVPC systems utilizing a high-frequency (HF) isolation link have the well-known advantages of small size, light weight, etc. Here, a utility interfaced HF-link PVPC system is presented. The system discussed consists of a resonant (load commutated asymmetrical silicon-controlled rectifier) (ASCR) HF inverter, a rectifier, and a line-commutated inverter working with a power factor near unity. An HF transformer provides the isolation between the photovoltaic array and the utility line. The HF resonant inverter uses an LCC type commutation circuit and has inherent fault-protection capability under a number of fault conditions. The working details of the scheme are presented together with logic circuit schematics. Experimental results obtained with a prototype unit are also given

35.1.24    B.K. Bose, "Technology trends in microcomputer control of electrical machines ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 160-177, Feb 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A comprehensive review of technology trends in microcomputer control of electrical machines is presented. Although microcomputer control and computer-aided design techniques are the main themes of discussion, motion control as multidisciplinary technology has been reviewed in the broad perspective of electrical machines, power semiconductor devices, converter technology, microcomputers, and VLSI circuits. The concepts discussed are valid not only for small machines, but for large machines as well

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 35,  Number 2, April 1988           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



35.2.1    M. Hirose, S. Matsushige, S. Buma, K. Kamiya, "Toyota electronic modulated air suspension system for the 1986 Soarer," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 193-200, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An electronically controlled air-suspension system is described that uses sensors to detect vehicle speed, throttle position, steering angle, height, and other factors related to vehicle attitude. Its electronic control unit (ECU) drives the actuators to control spring rate, damping force, and height. As a result, the system reduces changes in vehicle attitude such as rolls, dives, squats, etc., and also provides stable maneuverability in high-speed cruising and improved drive characteristics on rough roads. A newly developed single-chip microcomputer is used in the ECU. The actuators for the sporting rate and damping force use DC motors. The system also allows drivers to select preferred suspension characteristics from four modes, and displays on a CRT the suspension status

35.2.2    T. Torii, S. Azuma, Y. Matsuzaki, "Multidisplay system [automobile displays]," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 201-207, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A specially-developed multidisplay system using a 6 inch color CRT, created through actual testing in experimental vehicles, was mass-produced for the Japanese market in January 1985. A year later, the multidisplay system was improved through an addition in the information displayed on the CRT and mounted in the 1986 Toyota Soarer. These improvements are described, and an outline of the multidisplay system and details regarding newly developed technology consequent to its development are also described

35.2.3    M. Hirano, M. Takeuchi, T. Tomoda, K.-I. Nakano, "Keyless entry system with radio card transponder [automobiles]," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 208-216, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A keyless entry system for locking and unlocking vehicle doors, and for opening the trunk is described. This system utilizes a small (ordinary credit-card size) card transponder with a built-in personal identification code that can be carried in a pocket or a briefcase and the user does not have to take it out for use because the signal transmission is effected by inductive coupling between the card and loop antennas built into the door mirror housing and rear bumper. By touching a switch provided near the trunk keyhole, the user can open the door or trunk as if there were no locks. For anti-theft security and reliability, the system incorporates a twin-loop antenna that generates a rotating magnetic field, and a detection system to prevent the card transponder from being left inside the vehicle. This system has been installed in the luxury classes of Nissan models in the Japanese market

35.2.4    M.R. Kabuka, P.N. Glaskowsky, J. Miranda, "Microcontroller-based architecture for control of a six joint robot arm," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 217-221, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A robot arm controller has been developed with a dual emphasis on performance and flexibility. It includes a general-purpose interface for a host microcomputer, and can be configured with up to two floating-point signal processors. The controller responds to high-level control commands from the host, computes the arm trajectory, and corrects motion errors in real-time using Newton-Euler equations. By relieving the host computer of all computational requirements, this controller design permits one host to control multiple robot arms while maintaining maximum performance

35.2.5    W.-K. Chung, H.S. Cho, "On the dynamic characteristics of a balance PUMA-760 robot," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 222-230, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: To reduce complexities in robot dynamics, a mechanical counter-balancing concept based on the theory of adding balancing masses to unbalanced conventional manipulators is introduced. The effects of balancing on the dynamic characteristics of the PUMA-760 robot when the designed counter-balancing mechanism is applied to the robot are examined. Through theoretical and experimental study many distinct advantages such as simplicity in the dynamic equation and significant reduction in the total required input torques are demonstrated for various manipulator speeds and payload conditions. Based on these results, the dynamic characteristics of the balanced PUMA-760 robot are discussed in detail

35.2.6    A.A. Goldenberg, L. Chan, "An approach to real-time control of robots in task space. Application to control of PUMA 560 without VAL-II," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 231-238, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An approach to real-time control is presented that involves the adaption of existing (commercial) hardware and the integration of new hardware and software, such that both feedback control and offline programming using either task or joint-space coordinates are possible. The approach is illustrated in detail through the implementation of a controller that replaces the conventional Victor's assembly language (VAL) II-based controller with the PUMA 560 robot. The controller presents an improvement over the system under VAL in a number of ways, in addition to being able to use either task or joint-space information in the most general form. In particular, the hardware and software of the new controller can accommodate novel sensory systems, robot programming languages, and dynamic models for research and evaluation of advanced control methods

35.2.7    K.R. Davey, G.J. Vachtsevanos, R. Bass, G. Kelly, D. Ross, "Analysis and control of low-speed fractional horsepower synchronous drive motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 239-244, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A study of a quasi-linear synchronous motor used as a wheelchair drive is presented with the intent of highlighting the strength of analytical and simulation tools for low-speed fractional horsepower devices. The method of analysis and the development of the controls for the motor are quite general in their applicability. The analytical field computation capitalizes on the extraction of key spatial and constitutive information in the design. The terminal and field relations are used to examine and simulate control strategies. This information is especially useful in assessing control constraints (e.g., power supply voltage). Various schemes for realizing torque and speed control are discussed. Comparisons between the analytical predictions and actual motor data are presented

35.2.8    T.L. Laopoulos, C.A. Karybakas, "A phase locked motor speed control system with sample-and-hold phase detector," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 245-252, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A phase-locked speed-control with a sample-and-hold phase detector, which replaces the common phase detector and lowpass filter thus reducing the system's response time, is investigated. The phase detector's nonlinear behavior when operating inside the loop is discussed, together with the related lower speed limit. The system's operating region is determined by calculating the phase-locked loop (PLL) hold-in range and control system stability limits. Analytical expressions, along with related diagrams, illustrate the role of each of the system, parameters. Minimum system speed is also considered and its improvement through the use of various compensating networks is examined

35.2.9    E.Y.Y. Ho, P.C. Sen, "Decoupling control of induction motor drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 253-262, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The decoupling control of induction machines is investigated. Three different schemes for decoupling-control methods based on stator flux, airgap flux, and rotor flux field regulation are developed. The control dynamics of each scheme are outlined and studied. Simulation results are presented to verify that these schemes provide decoupling control with excellent dynamic behavior. The transient and steady-state relationships between slip frequency and torque, under constant stator flux, airgap flux, and rotor flux operations, are simulated and compared. The sensitivity characteristics of the three methods of flux-control, machine fed by impressed currents and voltages, are also compared and studied. A prototype torque-drive system is implemented to demonstrate the decoupling control of a squirrel-cage induction machine

35.2.10    H. Huisman, "A three-phase to three-phase series-resonant power converter with optimal input current waveforms. I. Control strategy," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 263-268, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A control strategy for multiphase-input multiphase-output AC to AC series-resonant (SR) power converters is presented. After reviewing some basics in SR power converters, a hierarchy of control mechanisms is presented, together with their respective theoretical backgrounds and practical limitations. The respective controllers are then presented in a simulation context. The control scheme fully exploits the capabilities of high-frequency power converters and facilitates the extraction of currents at a unity power factor from the supply side, even under transient conditions. The control scheme takes into account losses and inaccuracies in the control electronics without deteriorating the intended waveforms. Through computer simulation, it has been shown that, in particular, the input current wave-shapes are greatly improved compared to the best-available operating data

35.2.11    H. Huisman, "A three-phase to three-phase series-resonant power converter with optimal input current waveforms. II. Applications and results," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 269-277, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: For pt.I see ibid., vol.35, no.2, p.263-8 (1988). A 15 kW three-phase prototype series-resonant power converter is constructed. The converter features sinusoidal output voltage and sinusoidal input currents. The control concepts and necessary electronics, as well as the layout of the power circuit, are discussed. Low distortion levels are achieved for both the output voltages and the input currents, and measurements show the very fast (milliseconds) reaction capabilities of this type of equipment

35.2.12    S.F. Gorman, J.J. Cathey, J.A. Weimer, "A multi-microprocessor controller for a VV-VF cycloconverter-link brushless DC motor drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 278-283, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A method of thyristor gating management to allow operation of a cycloconverter-link brushless DC motor drive from a variable-voltage variable-frequency (VV-VF) source is presented. Multiple microprocessors are utilized to assure that no compromise in signal processing priority is necessary as both motor and source frequency vary independently over a wide range. The architecture and logic of the design are discussed. Some experimental results are presented for operation of a laboratory model of the drive system on a load simulator

35.2.13    J.-Y. Lee, Y.-Y. Sun, "Novel sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation schemes for voltage-source inverters with fluctuating input voltage," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 284-294, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The optimum waveform parameters of pulse position and pulse widths for voltage-source inverters with fluctuating input voltage are proposed. Eight types of modulation schemes are described for synthesizing the optimum low-distortion output waveforms, of which the harmonic spectra and the peak fundamental-value are almost insensitive to the input-voltage fluctuation, with a minimum voltampere rating of inverter input filter. For fluctuating inverter input voltage with insufficient filtering, the type-VII and the alternative type-III modulation schemes are found to be especially suitable for practical implementation. Detailed descriptions of the suggested circuits with dual-feedback control for implementing two such modulation schemes are given. A peak-value detector that can rapidly produce the peak value of the inverter output voltage with a minimum time constant is also proposed. The theoretical results of the proposed approaches with one-loop self-regulating property are experimentally verified and compared with the conventional method

35.2.14    A. Kawamura, R. Chuarayapratip, T. Haneyoshi, "Deadbeat control of PWM inverter with modified pulse patterns for uninterruptible power supply," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 295-300, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A modified algorithm of pulse-width-modulation (PWM) inverter deadbeat control suitable for uninterruptible-power-supply (UPS) systems is presented. Two state variables are measured at each sampling interval, then, using the data, the pulse width is computed in real time in order to force the output voltage equal to the reference at each sampling instant which is called the deadbeat control. Two kinds of PWM pulse patterns are used to increase the fundamental component of the output voltage, considering the microprocessor computation time. Experimentation and simulation has verified that the proposed control scheme increased the output-voltage amplitude, providing an excellent transient response and accurate phase positioning for various load conditions. This algorithm is suitable for applications of high-power UPS systems, in which the switching frequency is in the range of a few kHz and the precise control of power flow is required

35.2.15    A. Barili, A. Brambilla, G. Cottafava, E. Dallago, "A simulation model for the saturable reactor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 301-306, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A simulation model for the saturable reactor, an electromagnetic devices widely used as a protective element for the thyristor circuit, is presented. The model has been simulated using an improved version of SPICE, which also contains the model of the single-core reactor (SCR), and has proved to be fast and accurate on practical cases. Examples given include an industrial chopper for an electric drive; the model of the saturable reactor has improved the overall simulation accuracy of the chopper

35.2.16    I. Maric, "Automatic digital correction of measurement data based on M-point autocalibration and inverse polynomial approximation ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 317-322, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor-controlled measurement system model comprising m-point autocalibration and inverse polynomial approximation of the measurement-system transfer characteristics is described. A voltage-to-frequency converter is used for an analog-to-digital conversion of an input quantity. The model is restricted to measurements of slow-varying analog input quantities, and it is suitable for application in severe temperature conditions, common to a variety of industrial environments. By utilizing the computing power of microprocessors, a higher accuracy of measurements can be achieved with low-performance electronic components

35.2.17    H.-H. Loh, J.-G. Leu, R.C. Luo, "The analysis of natural textures using run length features," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 323-328, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A family of texture features is presented that have the ability to discriminate different textures in a 3-D scene as well as the ability to recover the range and orientation of the surfaces of the scene. These texture features are derived from the gray-level run-length matrices (GLRLMs) of an image. The GLRLMs are first normalized so that they all have equal average gray-level run length. Features extracted from the normalized GLRLMs are independent of the surface geometry. These features can be used in three-dimensional scene analysis where textures need to be identified according to their differences. Based on the average-run-length information and the classification results, surface range as well as surface orientation of a textured surface can be recovered

35.2.18    R.A.M. Browne, S.W.H. De Haan, J.B. Klaassens, J.D. Lodder, D.J. Verheul, "Computer-aided design of toroidal air-core inductors for high energy levels," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 329-337, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A method is presented for the design of inductors that recurrently store a substantial amount of electric energy; joules with frequencies in the order of tens of kHz. The objective of this method arose from the necessity of designing air-core inductors as part of an electronic conversion circuit for the control and transfer of electric energy in the submegawatt range. For specific geometrical configurations, design criteria such as weight and electrical losses (or a compromise between them) in combination with the thermal behavior are calculated. An analysis of the design criteria for a normalized inductive storage element is introduced and applied to a computer-aided design method. The computer program provides either the design of a new core or the design of an inductor on an available air-core arrangement, reducing the time for calculation

35.2.19    C.F. Christiansen, J.L. Herrada, M.I. Valla, N.H. Martinez, "Further improvements in a three-phase sine wave generator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 338-339, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: It is shown that the simple three-phase wave generator presented by V.P. Ramamurthi and R.B. Ramaswami (see ibid., vol.IE-29, no.3, p.235-40 (1982)) is able to exhibit a higher performance when more stringent design considerations are adopted. The results show improvements in linearity and distortion as well as an extension in the frequency range with only small changes in circuit implementation

35.2.20    P.S.M. Chin, "Comments on `Stability analysis, design, and simulation of a closed-loop converter-controlled DC drive' by P.B. Anjaneyulu, et al," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 339-341, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Applying Popov's stability criterion to the correct transfer function for the system studied in the work P.B. Anjaneyulu et al. (see ibid., vol.IE-31, no.2, p.175-80, (1984)), suitable conditions for stability are derived. From these conditions, the stability region obtained is larger than that given in the mentioned work. These results can be verified by using Lyapunov's second method

35.2.21    A.A. El-Amawy, A. Mirbod, "An efficient software-controlled PLL for low-frequency applications ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 341-344, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The concept of a software-controlled phase-locked loop (SCPLL) is presented. It is shown that SCPLLs can offer several advantages over pure hardware implementations. An example design of an SCPLL for a power converter controller is presented, and the experimental results are reported. This SCPLL can efficiently substitute for the conventional hardware PLL used for timing and clock frequency multiplication in the control circuit of a power converter

35.2.22    L. Ciminiera, A. Valenzano, "Acknowledgement and priority mechanisms in the 802.4 token-bus," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 307-316, April 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Acknowledged datagram services are being considered by several standardization bodies for the data link layer. The performance analysis, based on simulation results of two possible implementations of such a service by using an IEEE 802.4 token-bus MAC (medium-access control) sublayer, is presented. The two implementations include immediate acknowledge (where the acknowledge has to be received before passing the token), and delayed acknowledge (where the acknowledgement can be sent only when the receiver holds the token)

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 35,  Number 3, June 1988           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



35.3.1    J.H. Peden, A.C. Weaver, "Are priorities useful in an 802.5 token ring?," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 361-365, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The IEEE standard 802.5 token ring protocol defines eight packet priorities. The intent is that high-priority packets should be delivered prior to low-priority packets. A series of simulations shows that this expected behavior occurs when there are very few network stations, very short data packets (but still long relative to ring latency), very short token hold times, and very high network loads. In the general case, priorities did not markedly influence packet delivery time. Use of the priority system generally resulted in more overhead and longer average packet delays than when all packets were carried as a single priority. The features of the protocol operation that are the cause of this increased delay and lack of priority discrimination are described mathematically

35.3.2    R.M. Gorur, A.C. Weaver, "Setting target rotation times in an IEEE token bus network," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 366-371, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The IEEE standard 802.4 token bus protocol requires each network station to implement a synchronous (highest priority) message class, and permits a station to implement three lower priority classes: urgent asynchronous, normal asynchronous, and time available. Each of the lower three priorities (called access classes) is assigned a target token rotation time that limits the amount of time that a station can use to service lower priority traffic. A formulation of the problem is presented in which messages are transmitted from an access class as long as network throughput remains below a user-specified threshold. Formulas are derived that transform this priority scheme, based on network throughput limits, into the proper target rotation time settings that the token bus protocol actually requires. The analytical model is compared with a computer simulation of the token bus protocol and shows close agreement

35.3.3    W. Gora, U. Herzog, S.K. Tripathi, "Clock synchronization on the factory floor (FMS)," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 372-380, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The coordination of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) in an automated factory requires that synchronization amongst the manufacturing processes be based on a common clock. The synchronization requirements on the factory floor are described, and several clock synchronization algorithms, their theoretical bounds, and the results of the authors' work are discussed. Measurement results based on the implementation of such synchronization algorithms on local area networks (LAN) are presented. For hierarchical LANs, an algorithm is developed and its behavior simulated

35.3.4    S.K. Dean, R.J.F. Dow, "A versatile controller for 3-D machining," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 381-386, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A controller that produces sculptured surfaces from a small input without postprocessing is presented. It generates straight lines, circular arcs, and algebraic and trigonometric curves in any plane or combinations of such forms to produce complex lines and surfaces for machining applications. The controller is very versatile and can reduce programming costs by orders of magnitude

35.3.5    K.S.M. Panicker, S.I. Ahson, C.M. Bhatia, "Microprocessor-based sliding mode controller for a micromachine," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 387-392, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The design and microprocessor-based implementation of a power system stabilizer using variable-structure systems theory is presented. The design is based on a geometric approach for finding the switching hyperplanes for discontinuous control. The stabilizer is implemented on a laboratory micromachine using an INTEL 8085A microprocessor. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the stabilizer in improving system damping. The parameter insensitivity in the sliding mode is demonstrated

35.3.6    C.-M. Liaw, C.-T. Pan, Y.-C. Chen, "Design and implementation of an adaptive controller for current-fed induction motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 393-401, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A model reference adaptive speed controller for a current-fed induction motor drive is proposed. The controller uses a proportional-integral (PI) adaptation to satisfy the hyperstability condition for load and machine parameter changes of the drive. Only the available information on the states and output of the reference model as well as the plant output are required. No explicit parameter identification is needed. The controller can be designed simply by using a reduced reference model without particularly degrading the performance, so it is easy to implement practically. The hardware implementation is detailed, and some experimental results are given to demonstrate its effectiveness

35.3.7    R.C. Becerra, M. Ehsani, "High-speed torque control of brushless permanent magnet motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 402-406, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A method of converter control that improves the high-speed torque of brushless permanent-magnet (PM) motors is presented. The method consists of modulating the converter conduction intervals and their phase relative to the rotor position in order to deliver current to the stator windings at high speeds where the motor back EMF approaches the convertor rating. A microprocessor-based controller is used in the implementation. With this control, operation of the PM motor drive at its maximum ratings can be extended to higher speeds

35.3.8    K.F. Teng, R.W. Vest, "A microprocessor-controlled ink jet printing system for electronic circuits," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 407-412, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The development of a microprocessor-controlled ink jet printing system for hybrid microelectronic circuits is described. The hardware, development, software development, and the performance of the system are discussed. Well-defined circuit patterns have been obtained by the ink-jet printing of metalorganic inks. The application of this technology to the fabrication of microelectronic circuits is demonstrated to be feasible

35.3.9    H.-Y. Chung, Y.-Y. Sun, "Parameter identification of linear distributed systems via Taylor operational matrix," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 413-416, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An algorithm has been developed for directly estimating the parameters of a linear distributed systems by means of the Taylor operational matrix of integration. The major advantage of the present method, is that its computational efficiency is better and easier than that of the orthogonal polynomial. A numerical example giving satisfactory results is shown

35.3.10    P.C. Baracos, R.D. Hudson, L.J. Vroomen, P.J.A. Zsombor-Murray, "Advances in binary decision based programmable controllers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 417-425, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Binary decision automata are finite state machines that evaluate switching functions by means of decision rather than Boolean logic. The capability of binary decision machines (BDMs) to evaluate sequential functions is addressed by the authors. The BDM is shown to be less powerful than the deterministic finite automation (DFA) model from automata theory. However, an extended BDM with input control is shown to be equivalent to the DFA and thus can be used to implement finitely computable sequential functions. The use of a BDM finite automaton instead of a more general model is motivated on the basis of expected case time and space complexity analysis. A hardware design following from this analysis is described, and programming methods are discussed

35.3.11    E.M. Thomson, P.J. Medelius, M.A. Uman, "A remote sensor for the three components of transient electric fields," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 426-433, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An active device for measuring the three orthogonal components of a wideband (3 Hz to 4 MHz) transient electric field is described. The system design is specifically tailored to detect the electric fields from lightning occurring at distances from less that 1 km to over 100 km. Each electric field component is sensed on one of three isolated sections of a single metallic sphere that itself is electrically isolated from its surroundings. Electronics within the sphere detect and process signals proportional to the charges induced by the electric fields on the isolated sections of the sphere. The signals are passed to a remote recording device via analog fiber optics links. Also contained within the sphere are controls both to change gain settings and to apply internal calibrations on command from a remote VHF transmitter

35.3.12    A.K. Chattopadhyay, N. Mether, "A generalized approach to steady-state analysis of a current-source inverter with induction motor load including commutation overlap," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 434-441, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A generalized state-space approach is presented for the steady-state commutation analysis of an autosequential commuted current-source inverter-fed induction motor drive covering all possible modes of operation using a digital computer. The analysis adopts the basic per-phase equivalent circuit for the induction motor model, includes the effect of DC link filter impedance and the variation of back EMF during the commutation interval, and extends the inverter model to cover the complex commutation overlap mode occurring during high frequency operation. A digital computer program is evolved, to identify automatically the relevant sets of equations applicable to a particular mode from a generalized set of equations and to solve them

35.3.13    A. Khoei, S. Yuvarajan, "Single-phase AC-AC converters using power MOSFETs," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 442-443, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors analyze the performance of a single-phase AC-AC converter with particular emphasis on the output harmonic content and input voltage utilization. A complete power circuit that makes use of power MOSFETs is given. An analysis of the output waveform shows that its harmonic content is very low. It is also found that the ratio of the switching frequency to the modulating triangular wave, has negligible effect on the harmonic content. Hence, the ratio can be chosen at nominal value of 4 and it is mainly used to control the amplitude of the fundamental component in the output. The only disadvantage of the single-phase AC-AC converter is that the amplitudes of certain harmonic frequencies become abnormally high

35.3.14    P.G. Maranesi, V. Tavazzi, V. Varoli, "Two-part characterization of PWM voltage regulators at low frequencies," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 444-450, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The most widely used types of pulse-width-modulated (PWM) DC/DC converters are dynamically modeled at low frequencies in terms of two-port networks. Four DC parameters fully characterize each type of regulator. These closed-loop parameters are related to six transfer functions relevant to the open-loop circuit. Practical dynamic problems involving stability, electromagnetic cleanness, and transmission of disturbances from the load to the voltage source (and vice versa) can be solved on the basis of the formula given

35.3.15    J.-P. Vandelac, P.D. Ziogas, "A DC to DC PWM series resonant converter operated at resonant frequency," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 451-460, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Resonant DC-DC converters that are usually operated using frequency modulation to achieve regulation have the disadvantage of wideband frequency modulation. An alternate regulation scheme that uses fixed-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) is proposed. This control scheme is applied to a series-loaded, series-resonant converter. When operated in a full-bridge configuration and with a variation of PWM that can be described as a phase shift modulation between the two sets of switches, the converter presents low switching stresses. Analytical results presented include VA rating and stresses on critical active and passive components as a function of input voltage variation. A 200 kHz, 700 W, 48 V output offline converter was realized using this concept, and some experimental results are presented to corroborate the analysis

35.3.16    A.R. Prasad, P.D. Ziogas, S. Manias, "A comparative evaluation of SMR converters with and without active input current waveshaping," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 461-468, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A comparative evaluation is presented of high-frequency voltage-source fed (VSF) and current-source fed (CSF) switch-mode rectifier (SMR) converters supplied from single-phase AC mains and operating under large input voltage and load fluctuations. For medium power applications (i.e. 3 kW), VSF SMR converters use passive waveshaping techniques. CSF SMR converters, on the other hand, use active waveshaping techniques. Use of active waveshaping techniques increases the input power factor from approximately 0.5 to 0.9-1.0. It is shown that when the active input current waveshaping stage is also used to regulate the SMR DC bus voltage, the converter performance can improve substantially. These improvements include reduction in switching stresses of the power semiconductor switches and reduction in the size and ratings of associated reactive components. Key theoretical results are verified experimentally

35.3.17    L.W. Tao, C.Z. Fang, "State estimation of output-decoupled complex systems with application to fluid pipeline," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 469-475, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Most industrial processes are complex systems, characterized by nonlinearity, high order, and even implicit dynamics. The design of a Luenberger-type observer or an extended Kalman filter for state estimation of such systems presents, in general, considerable difficulties. The authors show that a state estimator can be designed and implemented very easily if the system is output-decoupled, as is often the case in process monitoring and control applications. Simulation study and experiments on an experimental water pipeline show that the proposed estimator works very well. Its estimation accuracy is nearly the same as that of an extended Kalman filter, while its computational expenditure is almost as small as the real-time system model

35.3.18    P.S. Rao, V. Ramachandran, "Evaluation of performance criteria of the CSI-IM drive system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 476-478, June 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The stability, sensitivity, and static velocity error coefficient of an induction motor (IM) drive fed by a current-source inverter (CSI) are analyzed to obtain the necessary information for the design of a practical system. These analyses are considered useful for determining an appropriate subsystem to compensate for performance deficiencies

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

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Volume 35,  Number 4, August 1988           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



35.4.1    A. Moghaddamjoo, "Step-like signal processing with distinct finite number of levels ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 489-493, August 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An algorithm for filtering noisy step-like signals is proposed. This algorithm is based on the assumption of Gaussian contamination. In this procedure data within a moving window is divided into two almost equal clusters and a hypothesis tests (F-test) for differences in the means between two such clusters. Histograms analysis and/or our a priori knowledge about the number of discrete amplitudes in the ideal noise free signal provide information that is used to filter the signal further and produce a clean signal with the desired number of discrete amplitudes (levels). As an illustration the method is tested by simulation

35.4.2    A.K.S. Bhat, "Analysis and design of a DC/DC converter using square-wave output resonant inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 494-501, August 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The operating modes of a square-wave output resonant inverter when used in a high-frequency link DC/DC converter are presented and analyzed. The condition of minimum turn-off time for the switches in the discontinuous current mode is obtained. A simple design procedure for the DC/DC converter is presented and illustrated by an example. Experimental results obtained from a prototype converter are presented to verify the theory

35.4.3    C.F. Christiansen, M.I. Valla, C.H. Rivetta, "A synchronization technique for static delta-modulated PWM inverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 502-507, August 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A synchronization technique for static delta-modulated PWM inverters is presented. This control strategy removes the frequency modulation inherent in the delta-modulated inverter. Furthermore, synchronization of the PWM pulses with the reference signal ensures balanced phase voltages in three-phase applications. The performance of the modulator is analyzed using digital simulations and is verified with experimental circuits

35.4.4    J.W. Dixon, Boon-Teck Ooi, "Indirect current control of a unity power factor sinusoidal current boost type three-phase rectifier," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 508-515, August 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The indirect current control scheme has evolved from the success of the hysteresis current controlled voltage regulated rectifier, which has been shown to be capable of: unity and even leading power factor operation; near sinusoidal current waveforms; and bilateral power transfer without the need of bi-directional solid state power switches. The advance consists of replacing the inner hysteresis current feedback loop by the standard sinusoidal PWM control and in the process saving the cost of the current measuring transducers. The scheme is evaluated through tests on 1 KW size laboratory models and through digital simulations. A theory of the system dynamics is developed and stability boundaries are presented

35.4.5    Tian-Hua Liu, Chung-Ming Young, Chang-Huan Liu, "Microprocessor-based controller design and simulation for a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 516-523, August 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The speed control of a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor drive that is fed by a current hysteresis-controlled voltage-source inverter is investigated. The objective is to study the feasibility of implementing a microprocessor-based controller that may achieve complete software control of motor speed. A mathematical model and a digital control principle for controlling the PM synchronous motor are described. The sampling period and the controller parameters are determined analytically according to a linearized model. A systematic simulation procedure is proposed for verifying the feasibility of theoretical modeling and controller design. An experimental prototype system is constructed for correlating with the theoretical results. The experimental results closely follow theoretical predictions, thus validating the proposed control method

35.4.6    R.M. Davis, "A comparison of switched reluctance rotor structures," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 524-529, August 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A theoretical comparison of torque production is made between a conventional switched reluctance motor having conventionally laminated salient rotor poles, and a novel structure that uses a cylindrical anisotropic rotor comprised of axially laminated layers of magnetic and nonmagnetic materials. By choosing identical conditions and dimensions in all respects other than the differing rotors and the consequential changes to the stators, and by including the influence of the available space for the windings, the torque production capabilities have been linked specifically to the rotor differences. The results, which are for identical maximum flux density and copper losses, show the salient rotor SR motor to be 20 percent better based on rotor volume and almost 100 percent better on stator plus endwinding volume

35.4.7    G.K. Dubey, "Analysis of DC drive fed by single-phase half-controlled converters in sequence control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 530-536, August 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Separately excited DC motors fed by multistage converters with sequence control are commonly used in mainline traction. The author describes the analysis and performance of a DC drive fed by a two-stage sequentially operated half-controlled converter. The modes of operation of the converter-motor system are identified and a method of performance calculation, taking these modes of operation into account, is presented. The nomograms, and the analytical method of calculating them, are presented for the calculation of an optimum value of filter inductance

35.4.8    P. Pillay, R. Krishnan, "Modeling of permanent magnet motor drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 537-541, August 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Research has indicated that the permanent magnet motor drives, which include the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and the brushless DC motor (BDCM) could become serious competitors to the induction motor for servo applications. The PMSM has a sinusoidal back EMF and requires sinusoidal stator currents to produce constant torque while the BDCM has a trapezoidal back EMF and requires rectangular stator currents to produce constant torque. The PMSM is very similar to the wound rotor synchronous machine except that the PMSM that is used for servo applications tends not to have any damper windings and excitation is provided by a permanent magnet instead of a field winding. Hence the d, q model of the PMSM can be derived from the well-known model of the synchronous machine with the equations of the damper windings and field current dynamics removed. Because of the nonsinusoidal variation of the mutual inductances between the stator and rotor in the BDCM, it is also shown that no particular advantage exists in transforming the abc equations of the BCDM to the d, q frame. Hence the solution of the original abc equations is proposed for the BDCM

35.4.9    M.F. Rahman, Aun-Neow Poo, "An application oriented test procedure for designing microstepping step motor controllers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 542-546, August 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Describes an application oriented set-up for determining current references for a microstepping step motor controller. This eliminates the need for calculating these references from motor characteristics. Motor nonlinearities and asymmetries are taken into consideration and references for controllers can be obtained by an unattended test for any microstep size desired

35.4.10    B.K. Bose, P.M. Szczesny, "A microcomputer-based control and simulation of an advanced IPM synchronous machine drive system for electric vehicle propulsion," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 547-559, August 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Describes a high-performance microcomputer-based control and digital simulation of an inverter-fed interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine that uses a neodymium-iron-boron magnet. The fully operational four-quadrant drive system includes a constant-torque region with zero speed operation and a high-speed field-weakening constant-power region. The control uses the vector or field-oriented technique in constant-torque region with the direct axis aligned to the stator flux, whereas the constant-power region control is based on torque angle orientation of the impressed square-wave voltage. All the key feedback signals for the control are estimated with precision. The drive system is basically designed with an outer torque control loop for electric vehicle application, but speed and position control loops can be added for other industrial applications. The distributed microcomputer-based control system is based on Intel-8096 microcontroller and Texas Instruments TMS32010 type digital signal processor

35.4.11    R. Krishnan, A.S. Bharadwaj, P.N. Materu, "Computer-aided design of electrical machines for variable speed applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 560-571, August 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Product life cycle has decreased and demands for new products have emerged due to competition, modern industrial needs, and rapidly changing technology. This has necessitated changes in design, development, and manufacturing processes to improve quality and efficiency and to reduce cost. Computer-aided design (CAD) helps to meet this challenge in the design evaluation and final product design stages. The authors present the development of interactive software for the optimal design of a motor intended for variable speed applications. The use of finite element analysis methods is proposed as an indispensable part of the CAD system for electrical machine design. An illustration of the method is given for the design of a switched reluctance motor excited with rectangular blocks of current

35.4.12    D. Ciscato, A. Fehl, L. Turolla, "Microstep control of floppy disk drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 572-575, August 1988.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor on board of a 5 1/4 in floppy disk unit can be used for microstep control of the step motor able to compensate for unavoidable track deformations. The feedback is derived from a special signal recorded at the beginning of each sector. The resulting track following system is very attractive for magnetic peripherals with very high track density (192 tpi). The authors describe the design of the control system and its implementation using a Z80A system

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Volume 35,  Number 5, Oct 1988           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

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Volume 35,  Number 6, Dec 1988           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

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Volume 36,  Number 1, Feb 1989           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



36.1.1    T.C.S. Hsia, "A new technique for robust control of servo systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 1-7, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The robust controller has very simple structures and can be divided into two separate parts: a servo controller and an auxiliary controller. The two controllers are designed independently. The function of the auxiliary controller is to cancel out the plant uncertainties directly without the use of the high loop gain principle. Interpretation of robot controller as a signal-synthesis adaptive controller is given. Practical implementation issues of the auxiliary controller are discussed. Simulations of a design example with large parameter uncertainty, nonlinearity, and external disturbance are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design technique. This technique is further tested with success in an experimental study of joint position control of a PUMA 560 robot arm

36.1.2    M.R. Khare, G.N. Garud, "Microprocessor-based thyristorized control system for speed control of coiler motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 8-17, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microcomputer system developed for the real-time speed control of a coiler-motor in a wire rod mill at the Bhilai Steel Plant, India, is discussed. The software permits the dynamic control of the coiler motor speed and also controls the tensionless back-end problem of the wire rod, resulting in considerable reduction in metal loss and production delay. The net annual saving due to introduction of the system is Rs. 6.2 million (around $0.50 million), and since the cost of implementation of the system is Rs. 5.3 million, the pay-back period is only ten months

36.1.3    A. Rahrooh, T.T. Hartley, "Adaptive matrix integration for real-time simulation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 18-24, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The theory of weak stability of linear multistep methods for real-time simulation of nonlinear systems leads to the design of a class of linear multistep methods with varying coefficients. These methods do not suffer from weak instability and are generally very useful, especially for real-time simulation of stiff nonlinear systems. An adaptive technique for numerical integration that allows the simulation stepsize to be chosen independently of the system eigenvalues is presented. The method tracks most changes in the dynamics of the system, and changes accordingly the integration coefficients to ensure accuracy and stability of the simulation

36.1.4    Chin-Cheng Kau, K.W. Olson, E.A. Ribble, C.A. Klein, "Design and implementation of a vision processing system for a walking machine," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 25-33, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A vision processing system for a six-legged walking machine, the adaptive suspension vehicle, is presented. The vision-processing system consists of a laser range-finder, and vision computer, a terrain-elevation map, and a guidance computer. The range-finder measures the distances from itself to the objects in the scene. The specially designed vision computer processes the range data into a terrain-elevation form and stores the information with time data in a terrain-elevation map. With the real-time elevation information in the map, the guidance computer can select the best footholds for the walking machine in order to maneuver over rough terrain

36.1.5    P.K. Chande, A.K. Ramani, P.C. Sharma, "Modular TMR multiprocessor system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 34-41, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A tri-module redundant (TMR) multiprocessor system for increased availability to a real-time application is presented. The system incorporates three homogeneous Z-80 based microcomputers, each with necessary analog/digital I/O facilities and global communication hardware. The software design is modular in nature and is, therefore, cost effective and adaptable for expansion to the N-module redundant (NMR) system. The retry mechanism has been employed for recovery from transient faults. The number of retries is programmable, which makes the system adaptable to an application environment. The system has been used to drive a mobile trolley

36.1.6    M. Morimoto, S. Sato, K. Sumito, K. Oshitani, "Single-chip microcomputer control of the inverter by the magnetic flux control PWM method [machine control]," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 42-47, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Single-chip microcomputer control of a pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) inverter for motor drive applications is presented. The PWM pattern generation and the system control of the inverter are achieved by software of the 8-bit single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer has a low processing speed and small memory capacity, disadvantages that can be overcome by the magnetic flux control PWM method. The PWM pattern is generated every 90 μs. The memory capacity of the PWM look-up table is less than 2 kbytes. Experimental results show that the motor performances are the same as that of the multichip triangular-sinewave PWM inverter

36.1.7    J.B. Klaassens, "Steady-state analysis of a series-resonant DC-DC converter with a bipolar power flow," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 48-55, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A time-domain analysis for the steady-state model of a series-resonant power interface for both step-up and step-down modes is presented. The exchange of electrical energy between a source and the resonant circuit in order to stabilize the stored electrical energy is defined. The characteristics of a series-resonant converter with bilateral power flow are presented in normalized form, described by the output characteristics. The results obtained in a four-quadrant motor drive illustrate the characteristics of a high-frequency power interface

36.1.8    D.G. Manzer, M. Varghese, J.S. Thorp, "Variable reluctance motor characterization," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 56-63, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A technique to develop a simple, nonlinear dynamic model (from measurements of flux linkage) which captures all of the relevant dynamics of the motor over its entire operating regime is described. A least squares data reduction algorithm that handles the analyses in a natural way to generate bivariate polynomials to approximate the flux linkage is given. Comparisons with a theoretical method and other measurements are presented

36.1.9    J.J. Jozwik, M.K. Kazimierczuk, "Dual sepic PWM switching-mode DC/DC power converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 64-70, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A steady-state analysis and experimental results for a dual sepic pulse-width-modulated (PWM) DC/DC power converter for both continuous and discontinuous modes of operation are presented. The converter is dual to a sepic converter, but it can also be derived from a forward converter by replacing one of its rectifier diodes with a coupling capacitor. The circuit acts as a step-down or step-up converter, depending on the value of the ON switch duty cycle. The transformerless version of the converter has a positive DC/DC voltage transfer function. Therefore, the circuit is suitable for distributed power systems. Design equations for all circuit components are derived. Experimental results measured at 100 kHz were in good agreement with theoretical predictions

36.1.10    K.F. Teng, Ping Wu, "PV module characterization using Q-R decomposition based on the least square method," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 71-75, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The determination of solar cell parameters (I-V characteristic) from experimental data was achieved by using the Q -R decomposition technique based on the least squares method, where all data points were considered. The algorithm used a three-parameter equation transformed from the original cell equation of five parameters. This method could be used to analyze the I-V characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) modules of various technologies under the natural conditions of implementation, and to help to establish the best sizing of a PV system and the best adaptation of a PV system to its environment

36.1.11    W. Ahmad, "A simple analogue multiplier with analogue/digital output," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 76-78, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A simple circuit for the four-quadrant multiplication of voltage signals is described. The output of the multiplier is suitable for analog as well as digital applications. Experimental results obtained are in agreement with the theory developed

36.1.12    C.F. Christiansen, R. Battaiotto, D. Fernandez, E. Tacconi, "Digital measurement of angular velocity for speed control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 79-83, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A digital method to measure angular velocity for machine control applications is described. The method uses a phase-locked loop to multiply the frequency and reject the jitter. The process for measurement is completed in a very short time, providing not only quick readouts, but also information on transient velocity. Since the sampling intervals are fixed, measurement of angular acceleration can be obtained almost immediately

36.1.13    S. Khalaf, M. Zhu, P. Siy, M. Abdelguerfi, "A real-time industrial pattern classification system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 84-85, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Using the partitioned matrix approach, a parallel hardware architecture for a parametric (Bayes) classifier is designed. The architecture consists of simple, regularly structured processing elements operating in parallel. As a result, the proposed design is suitable for VLSI implementation. A comparative analysis shows that the approach is more efficient and can significantly reduce the cost required for implementing the classifier, while maintaining high speed

36.1.14    Y.C. Liang, V.J. Gosbell, "A versatile switch model for power electronics SPICE2 simulations ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 86-88, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Using a versatile switch model, a SPICE2 input file containing voltage-controlled hysteresis, nonhysteresis switches, and ideal silicon-controlled rectifiers can be written to perform both steady-state and transient analysis. Two typical power electronics circuits are simulated to demonstrate various aspects of the model

36.1.15    G. Ciccarella, P. Marietti, "Model reference adaptive control of a thermostatic chamber," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 88-93, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The design and the implementation of a model reference adaptive controller for continuous systems are presented. The algorithm has been developed taking into account: (1) the influence of discrete control on the behavior of continuous systems; (2) the possibility of working directly on the continuous representations of the plant and of the reference model; and (3) the need for concurrent implementation of the control software on multiple microprocessor architectures to obtain real-time response. The adaptive control algorithm has been implemented on a personal computer to control a thermostatic chamber. Results derived from this application show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

36.1.16    C.H. Rivetta, E.J. Tacconi, "Comments, with reply, on `An adaptive digital pump controller for phase-locked servo systems' by G.-C. Hsieh et al," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 93-95, Feb 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: It is shown that the linearized model of the adaptive digital pump controller utilized for studying stability conditions and used in the simulations in a previously published paper (see ibid. vol.34, no.3, p.379-86, 1987) does not agree with the proposed circuit. A reply from the authors of the original paper is also included

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 36,  Number 2, April 1989           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



36.2.1    C.F. Hawkins, H.T. Nagle, R.R. Fritzemeier, J.R. Guth, "The VLSI circuit test problem-a tutorial," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 111-116, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Defect-free integrated circuits (IC) cannot be guaranteed by VLSI circuit manufacturers. Circuit complexity, IC defect anomalies, and economic considerations prevent complete validation of VLSI circuits. These VLSI test problems are especially acute in high-reliability designs and will only worsen as IC circuit size increases. Designers of IC, board, and system projects must be aware of the difficult engineering challenges that are involved in verifying high-quality ICs. The authors discuss these topics and emphasize the need for basic design for testability methods that must be used to alleviate these problems

36.2.2    R.R. Fritzemeier, H.T. Nagle, C.F. Hawkins, "Fundamentals of testability-a tutorial," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 117-128, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A review is presented of electrical testing, failure mechanisms, fault models, fault simulation, testability analysis, and test-generation methods for CMOS VLSI circuits. The relationships between the most commonly used fault models are explored. Various fault simulation methods are contrasted. The basic mechanisms used in test-vector generation are illustrated by examples. The importance of testability analysis as a guide to design and test generation is discussed. Algorithms for automatic test-pattern generation are summarized

36.2.3    H.T. Nagle, S.C. Roy, C.F. Hawkins, M.G. McNamer, R.R. Fritzemeier, "Design for testability and built-in self test: a review," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 129-140, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A summary is presented of a number of design-for-testability (DFT) and built-in self-test (BIST) schemes that can be used in modern VLSI circuits. The DFT methods presented are used to increase the controllability and observability of the circuit design. Partitioning, bus architectures, test-point insertion, and scan methods are discussed. On-chip hardware for real-time test-pattern generation and data compression are investigated. Several of the DFT methods are then combined to form BIST hardware configurations. Built-in evaluation and self-test (BEST), autonomous test, scan with random inputs, built-in logic block observer (BILBO), partitioning with BEST, test-point insertion with on-chip control, and combined test-pattern generation and data compression (CTGC) are considered. An overview of each BIST scheme is offered

36.2.4    M.G. McNamer, S.C. Roy, H.T. Nagle, "Statistical fault sampling," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 141-150, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Computational requirements often discourage, or even prohibit, complete fault simulation of circuit designs having greater than 20000 single stuck-at faults. To circumvent this problem, statistical sampling methods have been proposed that provide fault coverage values within a small, predictable error range by simulating only a fraction of the circuit's total faults and using the result fault coverage value as an estimate of the fault coverage for the total circuit. As an introduction to the application of sampling methods to fault simulation of integrated circuits, the statistical theory behind these sampling methods and proposed augmentations of these methods for improving the precision of the sample fault coverage are presented. Various proposed sampling schemes are applied to example circuit designs, and the results are analyzed

36.2.5    H.T. Nagle, R.R. Fritzemeier, J.E. Van Well, M.G. McNamer, "Microprocessor testability," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 151-163, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: As the level of microprocessor complexity increases to several hundred thousand transistors for a single-chip machine, it is becoming very difficult to test commercially available designs to the level of fault coverage desired by some customers. In order to achieve near 100-percent coverage of single stuck-at faults, future microprocessors must be designed with special testing features (designed for testability). The authors describe the testing problem for microprocessors, including the various methods of generating test sets and their application by the user. A survey of the testability features of some of today's commercially available microprocessors is presented. Suggestions for testability features for future-generation microprocessors are also discussed

36.2.6    J.J. Arena, "Calculating the effective pattern rate for high-speed board test applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 164-174, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A complex interplay of tester specifications can force in-circuit and functional board test systems to operate at less than their specified maximum pattern rates in real-world test applications. The author explores the factors that combine to limit test speed. He develops models for calculating the effective pattern rate based on tester performance data and the characteristics of the VLSI board under test

36.2.7    S.-J. Tsai, C.D. Hechtman, "A custom hybrid GaAs driver and sensor device for a high-speed test system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 175-184, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A customized hybrid GaAs device has been designed and prototyped that can operate from DC to 100 MHz and above, interface directly with ECL (emitter-coupled logic), TT (transistor-transistor logic), and CMOS components, and handle both the in-circuit and device testing environments. The circuits for both the driver and sensor are delineated, and some of the design issues are discussed. The prototyping of the design into a hybrid IC is explained and experimental performance results are presented

36.2.8    C.W. Branson, "Integrated pin electronic for a VLSI test system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 185-191, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Drivers, comparators, active loads, and per-pin timing circuitry for a VLSI test system are placed in two CMOS integrated circuits. This level of integration allows fast, low-capacitance pin electronics to be manufactured at relatively low cost. Novel design and calibration techniques are used to overcome limitations of CMOS technology

36.2.9    C.D. Hechtman, "In-circuit test fixture [PCB testing]," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 192-196, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Deficiencies in the conventional in-circuit fixture are presented. A novel fixture is described, and quantitative comparisons are presented. Crosstalk is decreased by 60 dB, and transmission-line matching is possible

36.2.10    E.J. McCluskey, F. Buelow, "IC quality and test transparency," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 197-202, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: It is shown that extremely high single-stuck fault coverage is necessary for high-quality products. Even 100% single-stuck fault coverage may not guarantee adequate quality. Results are presented that extend previous work and show that for high required IC quality, process yield has a negligible effect on required test thoroughness. The extensions consist of: removing the assumption of a one-to-one correspondence between chip defects and single-stuck faults; demonstrating that for high quality levels the dependence of quality on test coverage is linear rather than exponential and that for high yields, the dependence of quality on yield is also linear; and showing that the yield used in the calculations should be functional rather than die yield. The theoretical results are compared with data obtained from measurements at a production IC facility

36.2.11    W.D. Ballew, L.M. Streb, "Incoming test strategy based upon in-process failure and repair costs," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 203-210, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An economic model is developed that challenges traditional statistical quality control methods in the factory. Incoming inspection levels can be determined as a function of both the PPM failure rates and the lot-to-lot stability. Since current incoming failure rates have fallen two orders of magnitude to below 100 PPM, the model can be used to re-evaluate conventional test strategies in high-volume manufacturing operations. Process variability as measured by statistical process control methods can now be monitored as lot stability and incoming inspection levels are adjusted accordingly

36.2.12    C.F. Hawkins, J.M. Soden, R.R. Fritzemeier, L.K. Horning, "Quiescent power supply current measurement for CMOS IC defect detection," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 211-218, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Quiescent power supply current (IDDQ) measurement is a very effective technique for detecting in CMOS integrated circuits (ICs). This technique uniquely detects certain CMOS IC defects such as gate oxide shorts, defective p-n junctions, and parasitic transistor leakage. In addition, IDDQ monitoring will detect all stuck-at faults with the advantage of using a node toggling test set that has fewer test vectors than a stuck-at test set. Individual CMOS ICs from three different fabrication sites had a unique pattern or fingerprint of elevated IDDQ states for a given test set. When IDDQ testing was added to conventional functional test sets, the percentage increase in failures ranged from 60% to 182% for a sample of microprocessor, RAM, and ROM CMOS ICs

36.2.13    P.P. Fasang, "Analog/digital ASIC design for testability," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 219-226, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The author addresses three issues in design for testability (DFT) for mixed analog/digital application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chips: controllability, observability, and completeness in testing. These are examined for commonly used analog functions, and the results culminate in an architecture for testable mixed analog and digital circuits. The architecture is designed to solve the problems associated with testing basic circuit configurations for different types of commonly used analog macros. Using the recommended architecture to gain access to control and observation test points in the analog portions of the mixed analog/digital ASIC, a series of analog test tables for several different analog functions have been derived. The analog test procedures are independent of any digital design for testability that might be used in the digital portions of the ASIC. General testing procedures for current analog/digital ASICs are described along with desirable characteristics for testers for this type of circuit

36.2.14    K.D. Wagner, T.W. Williams, "Design for testability of analog/digital networks," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 227-230, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The testing of analog/digital integrated circuits is difficult since they allow direct access to relatively few signals. Since the probing of component pins is the fundamental chip production test technique (and possibly that of board test as well, i.e. in-circuit test), methods must be found to enhance the controllability and observability of internal signal networks. The authors provide a set of design for testability (DFT) principles that enhance their ability to test these networks when combined with the requisite analog test plans

36.2.15    J.-C. Lien, M.A. Breuer, "A universal test and maintenance controller for modules and boards ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 231-240, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The design of a versatile module test and maintenance controller (MMC) is presented. Driven by structures test programs, an MMC is able to test every chip in a module or PCB via a test bus. More than one test bus can be controlled by an MMC, and can support several bus architectures and many modes of testing. The differences between MMCs on different modules are the test programs that they execute, the number of test buses they control, and the expansion units they use. A simple yet novel circuit, called a test channel, is used in an MMC. The MMC processor can control a test channel by reading/writing its internal registers. Once initialized by the MMC processor, a test channel can carry out most of the testing of a chip. Thus the processor need not deal with detailed test-bus control sequences since they are generated by the test channel. This strategy greatly simplifies the development of test programs. The proposed MMC can be implemented as a single-chip ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) or by off-the-shelf components. Some of its self-test features are presented

36.2.16    M.G. Karpovsky, P. Nagvajara, "Design of self-diagnostic boards by signature analysis," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 241-245, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors present a single-faulty-chip diagnostic technique which requires only two reference signatures for any number of chips on the original board. With this technique, it is possible to reduce substantially the hardware overhead compared to the diagnostic technique based on separate testing of each chip on the board. The technique can be also used for identification of faulty printed boards in a system or for identification of faulty processors in a multiprocessor system

36.2.17    P. Mazumder, J.H. Patel, "An efficient built-in self testing for random-access memory," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 246-253, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors propose a test algorithm for pattern-sensitive faults in large-size RAM with high circuit density. The algorithm tests an n-bit RAM in 195√n time to detect both static and dynamic pattern-sensitive faults over the 9-neighbourhood of every memory cell. A 4 Mb RAM can be tested by the proposed algorithm several thousand times faster than the conventional sequential algorithms for detecting pattern-sensitive faults. The test speedup has been achieved by writing a test data simultaneously over many cells, and the stored data are tested simultaneously by a parallel comparator and error detector in a read operation. The existing RAM architecture has been modified very little so that the proposed technique can be implemented very easily even in switched-capacitor DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) with low intercell pitch width. The test procedure has also been applied to built-in self-testing (BIST) and is compared with other BIST implementations

36.2.18    S. Mourad, E.J. McCluskey, "Testability of parity checkers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 254-262, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Checkers are used in digital circuits to detect both intermittent and stuck-at faults. The most common error detectors are parity checkers. Such circuits are themselves subject to failures. The use of parity trees is outlined, and techniques for testing them are surveyed. The effect of the checker's structure on its testability is discussed. Several fault models are considered: single stuck-at, multiple stuck-at, and bridging faults. The effectiveness of single stuck-at fault test sets in detecting multiple stuck-at and bridging faults is described. Upper bounds for the double fault coverage of the minimal single fault test are given for different tree structures. The testabilities of some selected checkers are examined to illustrate the concepts developed. A built-in self-test is proposed

36.2.19    F. Brglez, D. Bryan, J. Calhoun, G. Kedem, R. Lisanke, "Automated synthesis for testability," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 263-277, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors present an integrated, compiler-driven approach to digital chip design that automates mask layout and test-pattern generation for 100% stuck-at fault coverage. This approach is well suited for designs where it is most important the minimize the design cycle time rather than the silicon area. The authors show that by compiling from a unified design specification followed by logic synthesis it is possible to reduce the problem of automatic test-pattern generation. They present a language-based design capture and logic synthesis with hierarchical test pattern generation and redundancy removal techniques. A section on benchmark results highlights the close coupling of a language-based design specification, logic synthesis, and testability

36.2.20    J.J. Hallenbeck, N. Kanopoulos, J.R. Cybrynski, "The Test Engineer's Assistant: a design environment for testable and diagnosable systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 278-285, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The Test Engineer's Assistant (TEA) is a set of computer-aided design (CAD) tools that helps the system design engineer meet testability requirements by construction. TEA addresses system design for testability at all levels of the design hierarchy, the lowest level being the board level. The design is represented as a graph where each node indicates a hardware component (or chip on a board) and each arc represents intercomponent connections. Attributes associated with the graph nodes and a set of rules and testing techniques that are incorporated in the tool databases are used to determine the design features that have to be incorporated into the design to meet test and diagnostic requirements. The tool operates on a design using a combination of algorithmic and heuristic techniques. The authors present the design methodology supported by TEA, discuss the techniques used by the TEA tools to obtain solutions for different design for testability requirements, and present an example of the use of TEA with a real system

36.2.21    C. Robach, P. Wodey, "Linking design and test tools: an implementation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 286-295, April 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A computer-aided test analysis system was designed to appraise the testability of logic systems and to provide the functional specification of the test programs. To provide a helpful tool for both designers and test engineers, it was necessary to fully integrate this tool in a CAD (computer-aided design) system so that testability might be a design parameter and to automate the test-program production. The authors present the link between this tool and the SILVAR LISCO design system

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 36,  Number 3, June 1989           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



36.3.1    J.H. Kim, Z. Bien, "An algorithmic approach to fault diagnosis in linear systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 313-320, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An algorithmic approach for multiple fault diagnosis of linear discrete-time systems is proposed. Based on notions of an expected deviation vector and variation factors, it is shown that t faults in functional units of a dynamic system can be diagnosed with t+1 sample times. The method is considered efficient when the number of faults is unknown but small and when the sampling period is lengthy, as in chemical process with large time constants. Its effectiveness is illustrated by simulated examples

36.3.2    J.-X. Xu, H. Hashimoto, J.-J.E. Slotine, Y. Arai, F. Harashima, "Implementation of VSS control to robotic manipulators-smoothing modification," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 321-329, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors focus on the implementation of a variable structure systems (VSS) controller with smoothing laws in the design of effective tracking control for multi-input, multi-output robotic arms. The controller is realized by selecting powerful smoothing methods, such as balance conditions or their simplification, to reduce or remove undesirable chattering while keeping the robust characteristic that rejects system uncertainties. Giving careful consideration to actual system constraints, a design principle for selecting different smoothing methods is obtained and confirmed by experimental results

36.3.3    W.L. Nelson, "Continuous steering-function control of robot carts," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 330-337, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Three alternative approaches for eliminating steering discontinuities are presented: changing the steering mechanism, changing the guide-point on the cart, or changing the curves on the path. The first approach requires a steering mechanism that allows the cart to move in any direction without changing its heading. The most common configurations in an automatically guided vehicle are the steered-wheel and differential-drive types. The second approach may be a reasonable choice for differential-drive carts but less so for steered-wheel carts because of their limited maneuverability. For applications where the third approach is preferred, two types of curves providing continuous steering functions for both steered-wheel and differential-drive carts are proposed: Cartesian quintics for lane changes and polar splines for symmetric turns of arbitrary angle. These curves have computationally simple, closed-form expressions that provide continuous curvature and precise matching of the boundary conditions at the line-curve junctions on the paths

36.3.4    C. Umeagukwu, B. Maqueira, R. Lambert, "Robotic acoustic seam tracking: system development and application ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 338-348, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The description of an ultrasonic-based seam-tracking robotic system that guides a nonwelding torch along different welding grooves is presented. A 100 kHz airborne transducer is used to inspect the workpiece ahead of a welding torch and measures the joint orientation and lateral deviation caused by curvature or discontinuities in the joint part. Data pertaining to the joint orientation and lateral deviation (echo pulse amplitude and time of flight) are obtained periodically by sampling equi-spaced points along the joint as the torch advances. A trajectory-generating algorithm uses this data to calculate the x, y, &thetas; coordinates of the torch-tip trajectory needed to meet the tracking requirements. The experimental results from a feasibility study conducted to determine if this system could be used for tracking during live welding are also presented

36.3.5    H. Haneda, A. Nagao, "Digitally controlled optimal position servo of induction motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 349-360, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A high-performance optimal position servo is proposed for a microcomputer-controlled induction motor. The servo is designed and realized by top-down computer-aided design (CAD). A field-orientation-control approach is adopted to design an optimal voltage-controlled regulator for position control. A type of globally stable and parameter insensitive observer-linearizer is presented and utilized to overcome the restricted availability of sensed variables: winding voltages and currents, and shaft speed and angle. The digital scheme has been experimentally tested and verified. The effect of quantization errors and sampling period in analog/digital analog on the response and accuracy of the control system is shown

36.3.6    Jong-Hwan Kim, Yeon-Chan Hong, Sung-Jun Lee, Keh-Kun Choi, "Direct adaptive control of nonminimum phase systems using integral action," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 361-364, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A direct adaptive control scheme is proposed for nonminimum-phase systems in which controller parameters are estimated from the recursive least-squares algorithm and additional auxiliary parameters are obtained from the proposed polynomial identity. A local convergence is guaranteed without any extra condition. Integral action is incorporated into the adaptive controller to eliminate the steady-state error and to satisfy a condition of the unique solution for the polynomial identity. The control law used in this scheme is based on the set-point-on-I-only proportional-integral-derivative (PID) structure

36.3.7    G.-C. Hsieh, "A study on position servo control systems by frequency-locked technique," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 365-373, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A frequency-pumped controller (FPC) is presented that processes the position servomechanism by the frequency-locked technique. With the proposed FPC, a position/voltage (P/V) transducer, and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a frequency-locked position servo (FLPS) control system is established. Mathematical models for the FPC and for the FLPS are constructed, and their stability criteria for in-lock and for out-of-lock cases, respectively, are derived. Computer simulation and experimental results confirm the theoretical prediction that the proposed FLPS can provide real-time control, good stability, higher resolution, and higher precision

36.3.8    L.A. Jones, J.H. Lang, "A state observer for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 374-382, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An identity state observer for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor is derived which reconstructs the electrical and mechanical states of the motor from current and voltage measurements. The observer operates in the rotor frame and estimates direct and quadrature stator currents, rotor velocity, and rotor position. Since the rotor position is estimated, the rotor reference frame is approximated using the latest rotor position estimate. The motor dynamics and the transformation into the estimated rotor frame are nonlinear, and thus the observer and observer error dynamics are nonlinear. Therefore, stability is analyzed using a linearized error model. Simulations including realistic measurement disturbances are used to investigate the global stability and accuracy of the observer

36.3.9    K.C. Cheok, H.X. Hu, N.K. Loh, "Discrete-time frequency-shaping parametric LQ control with application to active seat suspension control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 383-390, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The theory of a discrete-time parametric linear quadratic (PLQ) control is extended to a class of frequency-shaped performance measures. The incorporation of frequency-dependent weighting matrices allows the emphasis or de-emphasis of the importance of the system variables being penalized over specific bands of frequencies. Results are presented for constant-gain and dynamic output feedback configurations of frequency-shaping optimal control. The resultant control is applied to the design of active seat suspension control. The active suspension maximizes ride comfort by discriminatory minimization of average whole-body absorbed power over a band of frequencies that causes the most discomfort to a human being

36.3.10    A.P. Jayasumana, G.G. Jayasumana, "On the use of the IEEE 802.4 token bus in distributed real-time control systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 391-397, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The performance of the IEEE 802.4 priority mechanism in handling distributed real-time control traffic is examined. A timer assignment technique is presented for such applications. The timers are set to satisfy the worst-case access delay requirements of real-time control applications. Other applications that are not time constrained can be supported simultaneously. Under certain conditions, such applications can also be guaranteed a minimum bandwidth allocation. Simulation results are used to evaluate the timer assignment scheme

36.3.11    R.M. Nelms, B.W. Evans, L.L. Grigsby, "Simulation of AC spacecraft power systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 398-402, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A technique is presented for modeling and simulating AC spacecraft power systems by combining all component models into an overall system model. Each component in the spacecraft power system is treated as a two-port network. A state model is written for each two-port network with the port voltages as the inputs. Each component state model is solved independently using the state transition matrix approach and assuming that its inputs are constant. The inputs to all components are then calculated using network analysis principles. As an example, a 20 kHz system is simulated using this approach, and the results are compared with those of a SPICE2 simulation

36.3.12    B.K. Bose, "Power electronics-an emerging technology," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 403-412, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The author presents a tutorial review of power electronics and drives in which the status of the technology and its future are discussed. He focuses on power semiconductor devices, converter circuits, AC machine control, and microcomputer applications in power electronics systems. He examines the impact of computer-aided design and artificial intelligence, and he summarizes the technological trends. He predicts that the technology will grow with increasing momentum as component technologies continue to grow

36.3.13    A. Patra, G.P. Rao, "General hybrid orthogonal functions-a new tool for the analysis of power electronic systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 413-424, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A set of general hybrid orthogonal functions (GHOFs) is introduced to meet the needs of any problem of spectral analysis. The completeness of the set of GHOFs is established, and its flexibility and use for efficient representation of signals in typical practical problems is discussed. The GHOF spectral analysis of linear time-invariant dynamical systems in state space is presented. The technique is applied to two illustrative silicon-controlled-rectifier-controlled DC motor drive simulations, which clearly demonstrates the power of the GHOF in simulating such systems. Some aspects of programming necessary for the related software development are presented

36.3.14    M.K. Kazimierczuk, X.T. Bui, "Class-E DC/DC converters with a capacitive impedance inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 425-433, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Analysis and design rules are presented for three class-E switching-mode DC/DC power converters, each with a capacitive impedance inverter. Experimental results are given for one of the converters. A zero-voltage switching technique is achieved for both class-E inverters and rectifiers. Therefore, the efficiency of the converters is very high at switching frequencies in the megahertz range. By applying a capacitive impedance inverter, lossless operation of the class-E inverter can be obtained for a wide range of converter load resistance, from full load to infinity. Experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations. Only a 12% relative bandwidth of the switching frequency is required to maintain a constant DC output voltage for the load resistance from full load to infinity at about 1 MHz with 15-W output

36.3.15    M. Sakui, H. Fujita, M. Shioya, "A method for calculating harmonic currents of a three-phase bridge uncontrolled rectifier with DC filter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 434-440, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A practical method is proposed for calculating the harmonic currents of a three-phase bridge uncontrolled rectifier with a DC filter, taking into account the AC source reactance. The method is based on the frequency-domain method and the rectifier switching functions. Analytical equations for the harmonic currents on both the DC and AC sides are derived. The validity of the method is demonstrated by comparison with the results of time simulation. The approach can be extended to the harmonic analysis of a thyristor rectifier as well as a rectifier with unbalanced line conditions

36.3.16    S. Martinez, M. Castro, R. Antoranz, F. Aldana, "Off-line uninterruptible power supply with zero transfer time using integrated magnetics," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 441-445, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An offline uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or emergency power system with zero transfer time is presented. The principal application is to personal computers and systems. The power transformer, a triport-like transformer, acts as an inverter and as a voltage stabilizer with no external loading coil. It is made with commercial EI scrapless laminations. The battery charging circuit is integrated into the transformer and improves the dynamic output response during line-mode operation. The result is robust, short-circuit-proof equipment with harmonic distortion of lower than 3%, a static output stability better than 1.5%, and a very high reliability

36.3.17    C.M. Tan, S. Zukotynski, "Single wafer miniature Hall-effect keyboard," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 446-450, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A design is proposed for a miniature Hall-effect keyboard for use in hand-held calculators. The keyboard includes a set of MOSFETs as the Hall effect sensors and all the necessary electronic components for keyboard control and communication on a single silicon substrate. Because of the elimination of wire connections to each key-cap and the use of MOSFET circuitry for key sensing, the implementation is expected to lead to high reliability and low power consumption. Some design aspects, including mask layout, and process steps are described

36.3.18    L.J. Giacoletto, "Simple SCR and TRIAC PSPICE computer models," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 451-455, June 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An ideal voltage-controlled switch provided in PSPICE is used to develop simple computer models for silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs) and TRIACs. With additional parameters, most of the thyristor properties are modeled. Detailed modeling of the C149M10 SCR and ZN6346A TRIAC and related applications are described

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 36,  Number 4, August 1989           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



36.4.1    I.R. Smith, G. Creighton, L.M.C. Mhango, "Analysis and performance of a novel two-phase drive for fan and water-pumping applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 530-538, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors describe a novel form of drive, comprising a two-phase induction motor fed by a two-phase inverter, for use in heating, ventilating, demisting, engine-cooling, and water-pumping applications in public service vehicles and passenger cars. A theoretical analysis of the arrangement is presented and a comparison is made between a number of predicted and experimental characteristics for two practical designs. One of these is a fan drive for engine-compartment ventilation and the other a motor-pump drive for a water-cooling system. In both cases, an acceptable range of speed control is achieved (i.e. ±10% of the normal full-load speed of 3300 r/min.), and an accurate prediction of the performance is provided

36.4.2    J. Shiozaki, B. Shibata, H. Matsuyama, E. O'shima, "Fault diagnosis of chemical processes utilizing signed directed graphs-improvement by using temporal information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 469-474, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The fault diagnosis algorithms using a signed directed graph (SDG) as a model of the system is useful in the real-time diagnosis of failures that occur in chemical processes. The accuracy of the algorithm has been improved so that it can select the candidates that are most likely to be the real origin of failure, utilizing the time when the measured variables begins to show abnormality as the representation of the dynamic characteristic of the measured variable. The accuracy and speed of the improved algorithm have been examined by its application to data obtained in fault diagnosis experiments on tank-pipeline systems

36.4.3    J. Holtz, U. Boelkens, "Direct frequency convertor with sinusoidal line currents for speed-variable AC motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 475-479, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel concept for a static three-phase to three-phase power converter for an AC drive with a unity power factor and reduced harmonics on the line side is presented. The power circuit comprises two back-to-back connected six-pulse bridges having no energy storage elements in the DC link. This permits pulse-width modulation (PWM) control in both bridges while requiring active turn-off semiconductor switches in only one bridge. The line-side harmonics are suppressed by a three-phase second-order filter. The method of predictive optimization is used for the control of the power converter. The complex control structure of the system is based on an online prediction of space vector trajectories. The steady-state operation of the system is exemplified by simulation results

36.4.4    J.L. Duarte, J.F. Aubry, C. Iung, "Current and speed digital control of commutationless DC drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 480-484, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The digital control of commutationless DC drives using a minimal hardware structure is discussed. The authors present a low-cost monochip microcomputer-based control system for speed regulation and current limitation that has no current measurement of a DC motor fed by thyristors in discontinuous current-mode operation. With this system, the speed of the drive is controlled by a classical algorithm using the Z transform. The thyristor firing is synchronized with the power supply and controlled by internal interrupts of the microcomputer. The current limitation is augmented by an estimation algorithm using an experimental simplified model. Results are presented for a 1 kW DC drive

36.4.5    I. Batarseh, C.Q. Lee, "High-frequency high-order parallel resonant converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 485-498, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel approach to the analysis of design of a high-order high-frequency LCC-type capacitive coupled parallel resonant converter (PRC-LCC) operated in the continuous-conduction mode is presented. The presence of an additional capacitor in series with the inductance of the conventional PRC results in a converter with more desirable control characteristics. It is shown that, at switching frequencies lower than the resonant frequency, the gain of the LCC-type converter is lower than the grain of the conventional PRC. This facilitates the converter design with a lower turn-ratio transformer and therefore allows for a higher operating frequency. The complete state-plane diagram of the LCC-type converter, from which a set of steady-state characteristic curves is plotted, is given. Various design curves for component value selections and device ratings are given. A design example with computer simulation results is presented

36.4.6    D.M. Vasiljevic, "The design of a battery-operated fluorescent lamp," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 499-503, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The author presents the design of a battery-supplied fluorescent lamp for automotive, emergency, or portable light sources. Each fluorescent tube has its own driver circuit that exhibits high efficiency (over 80%), simple design, and low cost. The driver circuit operates at a high frequency (50 kHz) and has an electronic ballast control, symmetrical tube driving, and semiresonance ignition. These operating conditions are optimal, and they provide a long tube life and high illumination

36.4.7    H. Nagase, T. Okuyama, J. Takahashi, K. Saitoh, "A method for suppressing torque ripple of an AC motor by current amplitude control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 504-510, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors examine a thyristor motor torque ripple suppression method that is simple in configuration. A simplified method of calculating motor torque ripple is introduced. This method enables calculation of velocity fluctuation due to torque ripple in the vicinity of the resonant frequency. Calculation results show that operation around the resonant frequency constitutes a problem. The current amplitude control method is effective for suppressing the torque ripple at the resonant frequency. This method detects the velocity fluctuation component and controls the current amplitude to eliminate that component. The velocity fluctuation component is detectable by using a filter that has a differential element. In addition, it is shown that the characteristic of the control system can be calculated with the aid of a Bode diagram, and its effectiveness is confirmed through simulation. From simulation results, this suppression method is found to be effective in reducing the velocity fluctuation to a practical level

36.4.8    L.-S. Shieh, X.-M. Zhao, J.-L. Zhang, "Locally optimal-digital redesign of continuous-time systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 511-515, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors present a novel optimal digital redesign technique for finding a dynamic digital control law from the given continuous-time counterpart by minimizing a local quadratic performance index. The quadratic performance index is chosen as the integral of the weighted squared difference between the states of the original closed-loop system and those of the digitally controlled open-loop system at any instant between each sampling period. The developed optimal digital redesign control law enables the states of the digitally controlled open-loop system to match closely those of the original closed-loop system at any instant between each sampling period, and it can easily be implemented using microcomputers with a relatively large sampling period. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method

36.4.9    K.E. Addoweesh, W. Shepherd, L.N. Hulley, "Induction motor speed control using a microprocessor-based PWM inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 516-522, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An MC68000, 16-bit microprocessor system was used to generate pulse-width modulation (PWM) voltage waveforms for a three-phase inverter. An MC6840 programmable timer module (PTM) was used to give real-time PWM voltage waveforms at its three outputs. The MC68000 calculates the width of the pulses for only the first quarter cycle and sorts these into a table. The remaining pulses for the complete cycle are generated using the values of the first quarter because there are conditions of quarter and half-wave symmetry. This results in a considerable saving of microprocessing time. The well-known expressions that define the width of regular sampled PWM pulses were modified to be compatible with the timing system. A real-time method of setting the 120° phase shift between the three phases of the pulses using the PTM was developed and showed a good level of accuracy. The PWM inverter was tested with passive impedance and motor loads. With an induction motor load, harmonics of the stator current and voltage of an order lower than the nineteenth and twenty-third were found to be virtually eliminated. The nineteenth and twenty-third harmonics had the value of 0.09 pu of the current, compared with 0.3 for the voltage, at a depth of modulation of unity

36.4.10    P.N. Materu, R. Krishnan, "Steady-state analysis of the variable-speed switched-reluctance motor drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 523-529, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The principle of operation of the switched-reluctance motor (SRM) drive demands that the motor and converter be treated as one unit. Little has been done to develop a complete analysis of this motor-converter combination. The authors present an approach to the steady-state analysis of the drive including the effects of stator winding resistance, input filter parameters, and snubber circuits, which are often neglected. The analysis yields current, voltage, torque, and back-EMF (electromotive force) waveforms that provide guidelines to the optimal design of the drive. Experimental verification is provided for a 6/4 pole prototype SRM drive, and it is shown to be in good agreement with the simulation results. It is noted that this approach can be applied to any other motor-converter combination with minimal modification

36.4.11    G. Amaratunga, K.-W. Kwan, M. Tso, D. Crawley, "A single-chip CMOS IC for closed-loop control of step motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 539-544, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A CMOS integrated circuit for the closed-loop drive of step motors that avoids direct rotor position sensing is reported. The sequencer is integrated with the control circuit. The circuit has been fabricated on a 4 μm gate array, and its operation with the motor and chopper drive is characterized. Dynamic torque-speed characteristics, which are linear up to 85% of the maximum static torque with a 40% increase in power output compared to open-loop operation, have been obtained from a test motor. The CMOS integrated circuit controller makes the use of a step motor a viable alternative to series DC motors. It can be extended to provide a closed-loop drive circuit for step-mode operation

36.4.12    Y.-S. Li, T.Y. Young, C.-C. Huang, "Noncontact measurement using line-scan cameras: Analysis of positioning error," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 545-551, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A multiprocessor camera controller has been designed and developed for real-time operation of high-resolution industrial CCD (charge coupled device) line-scan cameras. A three-camera system is capable of measuring length, width, height, and volume of steel slabs. Data captured by one camera are made available to other camera processors. A computation scheme is developed to correlate information for accurate cooperative measurement. There are two major sources of measurement errors. Digitizing error has been examined elsewhere, and a 0.1 subpixel accuracy is achievable by appropriate processing. The authors consider positioning errors with emphasis on camera positioning. The cooperative measurement and computation scheme measures object translation and compensates its effect to a certain degree. It is shown that, with calibration, measurement errors caused by camera positioning can be kept error caused by camera positioning can be kept within 0.2%

36.4.13    C. Hutchens, C. Yap, "Continuous background monitoring of plant performance utilizing a single-chip microcomputer and PRTN sequences," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 552-559, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors demonstrate a method suitable for a single-chip microcomputer or VLSI implementation that provides continuous real-time background monitoring of linear electromechanical systems. In this implementation method, pseudorandom noise is generated and digitized with a single-chip microcomputer and utilized to observe shifts in plant performance by monitoring the impulse response. A Butterworth filter was chosen to simulate the electromechanical system for ease and convenience of transfer function modification during testing. The feasibility of monitoring and detecting shifts in plant performance using pseudorandom noise in the background mode in real time while the plant continues to carry out routine control was demonstrated experimentally. Guidelines are provided for selecting the pseudorandom noise amplitude and the analog/digital quantization level. Pseudorandom trinary noise was demonstrated to be superior to pseudorandom binary noise

36.4.14    S. Miyazawa, F. Nakamura, N. Yamada, "A novel strategy for microcomputer-based control of a single-phase output cycloconverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 560-567, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel control algorithm using a time process chart that is capable of accurate control of cycloconverters is developed. This algorithm is obtained by making a straight-line approximation in a newly contrived phase plane. In spite of its rather simple procedures, this algorithm is capable of highly accurate control that is comparable to that of the conventional analog scheme. A six-pulse noncirculating current-type cycloconverter is controlled with a small-scale interface and a high-speed control program. Experimental results confirm the validity and usefulness of the proposed method. As far as the processing time is concerned, this method could be used to control a system with a larger pulse number, such as a 12 or 24-pulse system

36.4.15    M.K. Kazimierczuk, J. Jozwik, "Resonant DC/DC converter with class-E inverter and class-E rectifier," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 468-478, August 1989.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A new type of high-frequency high-efficiency resonant DC/DC converter is proposed, analyzed, and verified experimentally. It is called a class-E converter because it consists of a class-E inverter and a class-E rectifier. The class-E rectifier acts as an impedance inverter and is compatible with the class-E inverter. Consequently, the converter can operate with load resistances from a full load to ∞ while maintaining zero-voltage switching of the transistor in the inverter and the diode in the rectifier. It operates safely with a short circuit at the output. Because of a high value of the load quality factor Q1, a narrow frequency range suffices to regulate the DC output voltage over the whole load range. The measured relative bandwidth was δf/fmin=42.2% as the load resistance was varied from 70 Ω to open circuit. The measured efficiency at the full load was 89% with a 9 W output power at 1 MHz. A family of class-E2 resonant DC/DC power converters is given. The possibility of reduction of class-E2 converters to lower-order resonant and pulse-width-modulation converters is shown

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 36,  Number 5, Oct 1989           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 36,  Number 6, Dec 1989           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 37,  Number 1, Feb 1990           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



37.1.1    N. Hamada, K. Bekki, T. Yokota, "VLSI logic design with logic programming and knowledge-base technology," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1-5, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An approach to VLSI logic design using partial and general structural specifications in addition to behavioral specifications is developed. This approach requires a new style of programming technique, especially if a universal solution procedure for all types of architectures is needed. Knowledge of the design process involves unification of the heterogeneous (i.e. behavior and structure) information between a system and its parts, as well as representation of functional modules in order to ensure their reusability in an efficient manner. Following these strategies, a logic synthesis expert system, ProLogic, is developed, and the system is evaluated using MPU-type VLSIs. It is found that the universal connecting procedure for any compound functional module that unifies the behavioral and structural specifications between a total module and its parts improves logic design efficiency by a factor of 2 and that logic programming, object-oriented frames, and rule bases implemented in ProLogic improve software productivity by a factor of 5

37.1.2    S. Komada, K. Ohnishi, "Force feedback control of robot manipulator by the acceleration tracing orientation method," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 6-12, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors propose a novel approach to force and compliance control of multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot manipulators. The acceleration tracing orientation method (ATOM) is applied to both controllers. The control law is described in the Cartesian space; however, the final command is the acceleration in the joint space. The interactive terms in each joint disturb and deteriorate the joint motion. The disturbance observer cancels out the total sum of these terms and enables each joint to trace the acceleration command. As a result, a robust control is possible in the force task. The testing of the proposed system in a three-DOF robot manipulator is discussed

37.1.3    H.-G. Yeh, "Real-time implementation of a narrow-band Kalman filter with a floating-point processor DSP32," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 13-18, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The author presents experimental results from two studies. First, a real-time narrowband Kalman filter is implemented with a floating-point digital processor DSP32. The real-time capability of this narrowband filter is investigated by varying parameters Q and R. The covariance matrices Q and R of the dynamic and measurement noise sequences are found to exhibit duality in the real-time tuning process and have a direct effect on system stability. If the value of Q used is smaller (with fixed R ), the tracking time and the narrower tracking bandwidth of the filter will be longer. In addition, if the value of R used (with fixed Q) is smaller, the tracking time will be smaller, and the tracking bandwidth of the filter will be larger. The results are tabulated. Second, two optimal codes (in the sense of the execution speed), straight-line code and general matrix-based code, have been developed for implementing the narrowband Kalman filter. These two codes are compared in terms of program memory size, data memory size, and speed of execution. With the matrix-based code, the DSP32 performance is evaluated in terms of speed and memory size by varying the number of states of a Kalman filter. The results are also tabulated

37.1.4    R.D. Williams, F.J. Keith, P.E. Allaire, "Digital control of active magnetic bearings," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 19-27, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Theoretical relationships are developed to relate the characteristics of a controller transfer function to the stiffness and damping properties of an active magnetic bearing for machine rotors. Both proportional and derivative feedback are shown to be necessary for closed-loop system stability, and, for the ideal case, bearing stiffness and damping properties are shown to be simple linear functions of the proportional and derivative feedback gain constants, respectively. The flexibility of a digitally controlled magnetic bearing is demonstrated by the implementation of algorithms which include second-derivative and integral feedback. Second-derivative feedback is shown to be effective at extending the usable bandwidth of the digital controller, and integral feedback rejects rotor position error in the presence of static loads. The relationship between controller sampling rate and bearing performance is investigated, and it is shown that increased sampling rate and increased amounts of second-derivative feedback have similar effects on the bearing properties

37.1.5    T. Egami, H. Morita, T. Tsuchiya, "Efficiency optimized model reference adaptive control system for a DC motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 28-33, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The efficiency of a separately excited DC motor is improved by controlling both armature current and field current simultaneously. The model reference adaptive control system (MRACS) can be useful for this control problem because parameter values and load disturbance (load torque) of controlled objects vary greatly. Two adaptive control systems for efficiency-optimized speed control are proposed on the basis of MRACS theory and the error system method. These are MRACS based on the current ratio method and on the voltage/current ratio method. In these systems, integral action is introduced into MRACS to cope with the step-load disturbance. Although the parameter variation of the voltage/current ratio MRACS method is large, the number of parameters to be adjusted is small as compared with that in the current ratio MRACS method. For each method, fast transient response and good characteristics are obtained for the parameter changes, step-load disturbance, and step desired signal in simulation studies. Efficiency is considerably improved by these methods at a light-load condition

37.1.6    J.S. Hsu, A.M.A. Amin, "Torque calculations of current-source induction machines using the 1-2-0 coordinate system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 34-40, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors extend the use of the classical induction motor equations obtained through the 1-2-0 coordinate system to cover situations with nonsinusoidal, chopped current sources. Detailed analysis is demonstrated through the widely used six-pulse, current-source-inverter-fed induction machines. The derivations of two different types of analytical torque equation (time-domain and frequency-domain series equations) are given. Their results are compared with each other and with results obtained from extensive air-gap and shaft torque measurements. The only difference in results between the frequency- and time-domain methods is that the voltage pulse corresponding to the switching is not included in the time-domain method; however, a voltage spike, as indicated by the frequency-domain-series method, would be expected at each switching point because of the rapid change of flux linkage. Test results agree with calculated results

37.1.7    C.C. Chan, W.S. Leung, C.W. Ng, "Adaptive decoupling control of induction motor drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 41-47, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel control approach for a robust induction motor drive system with a voltage source inverter has been developed. In the scheme, the induction motor and its corresponding inverter gating signal are controlled using the decoupling control theory. In addition, an adaptive optimal speed regulator employing the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) is incorporated into the drive system to compensate for unfavorable errors. The principles and special features of the control scheme are discussed, and the configuration of the drive system is presented. Comparison is made between conventional proportional plus integral (PI) control and the MRAC. Test results show the robustness and superior dynamic performance of the proposed control system

37.1.8    N. Mutoh, A. Ueda, K. Sakai, M. Hattori, K. Nandoh, "Stabilizing control method for suppressing oscillations of induction motors driven by PWM inverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 48-56, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel control method that suppresses oscillations generated when an induction motor is driven by PWM (pulse width modulated) inverters is described. The suppression is done by keeping the power direction constant throughout the period of oscillation of the negative current component of the inverter input current. This period is determined only by the frequency of the PWM signals. Because it is not affected by motor parameters, such as the number of poles or motor capacity, the gains of the regulator in the control system do not have to be adjusted, even if this method is applied to various kinds of induction motor drive systems. Experiments have proven that oscillations can be suppressed regardless of the motor type or speed. This stabilizing control is suitable for general-purpose inverters that drive various types of motors

37.1.9    D. Vincenti, P.D. Ziogas, R.V. Patel, "A PC-based pulse-width modulator for static converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 57-69, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Developments in power control techniques for pulse-width-modulated inverters are often ignored because of lack of time for adequate testing and evaluation. A programmable PC-based pulse-width modulator that is designed to alleviate this problem is described. The modulator is capable of generating, in ready-to-use form, gating signals for most types of carrier or programmable pulse-width modulation (PWM) scheme under open-loop operating conditions and for most types of converter. It can also generate and display associated converter-output voltage and current waveforms and their respective frequency spectra for further evaluation of selected PWM schemes. Therefore, tasks such as the selection of PWM strategy, switching frequencies, and voltage/frequency curves (for variable-speed AC drives under open-loop control) are easier to perform. Moreover, the proposed research and development tool differs from similar devices in that it is user friendly, multipurpose, and versatile. Selected performance features of the developed prototype are demonstrated by presenting the associated experimental waveforms

37.1.10    S.K. Tso, K.H. Tang, "Digital control strategies for sinewave-output cycloconverters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 70-76, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Digital control strategies for obtaining sinewave output for a current-source cycloconverter with fast dynamic response are presented. The proposed dual-multiprocessor control system ensures high-quality output. By means of a parameter estimator, it is possible to deduce the instantaneous voltage reference for the cycloconverter without resorting to a high-gain loop. With an appropriate forgetting factor chosen, the estimator is capable of fast tracking, and a reliable, stable voltage reference is thereby produced. Improvement using digital feedback control is achieved by adjusting the loop gain according to the instantaneous input reference level. The resulting current source shows excellent steady-state and transient performance in response to system disturbances, and it generally achieves good waveforms. It also works for induction motor loads under normal running conditions and should find wide application as an adjustable-frequency high-performance power convertor

37.1.11    H.M. El-Bolok, M.E. Masoud, M.M. Mahmoud, "A microprocessor-based adaptive power factor corrector for nonlinear loads," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 77-81, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor-based adaptive power factor corrector for poor power factor (linear or nonlinear) loads is introduced. The system power factor is measured by the microprocessor and compared with a predetermined reference value. Accordingly, the microprocessor adjusts the power factor to get the predetermined value. This is achieved by controlling the firing angle of a thyristorized static VAR (volt-ampere reactive) compensator through microcomputer software. The system power factor is measured by the microprocessor at every supply cycle, and the above sequence is repeated. The proposed scheme achieves both accurate measurement and adjustment of the system power factor

37.1.12    P.T. Ho, S.K. Tso, "Fast extraction of positive-sequence current from harmonically corrupted three-phase currents for TCR compensator control systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 82-85, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors discuss a practical scheme for extracting the magnitude of the positive-sequence component from harmonically corrupted three-phase currents found in modern energy systems. The scheme is cost-effective, fast, and simple in design, with the novel combination of software processing and digital and analog circuits. The scheme has been successfully applied to a microprocessor-based thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) control system and is suitable for similar real-time applications that already include one or more processing units. It is demonstrated that the scheme is adequately fast for the TCR control system because the extraction delay is typically less than half a cycle. The scheme is especially suitable for microprocessor-based control systems because the averaging function can be advantageously performed by software

37.1.13    T. Furuhashi, S. Okuma, Y. Uchikawa, "A study on the theory of instantaneous reactive power," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 86-90, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A new definition of instantaneous reactive power is presented. This definition has a clear physical meaning that includes both the conventional instantaneous reactive power and the instantaneous power of a zero-phase component. A simple control algorithm for the active filter derived from the new definition is described. Simulations verified the control algorithm

37.1.14    P.N. Enjeti, P.D. Ziogas, "Analysis of a static power converter under unbalance: a novel approach," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 91-93, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A general analysis procedure for a static power converter using the transfer function approach is presented. This method provides for closed-form expressions for all harmonics under balanced and unbalanced operating conditions. Unbalance in voltage magnitude and phase angle and errors in switching angles can be easily incorporated into the analysis. An example illustrating the effectiveness of this approach is given

37.1.15    Vineeta, K. Kant, "An efficient algorithm for the control of a microprocessor-based single-phase to three-phase cycloconverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 93-95, Feb 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An efficient algorithm is designed to calculate the intersection points of a cosine wave and a reference wave in a cycloconverter. The proposed algorithm requires a smaller number of comparisons to calculate the required intersections than the conventional linear search method; hence, processor time is reduced. The algorithm can be implemented on a microprocessor-based cycloconverter multiple feedback system. The reduced number of comparisons as compared with the linear search method make the algorithm useful for many applications in microprocessor-based control circuits

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 37,  Number 2, April 1990           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



37.2.1    J.A. De Abreu-Garcia, T.T. Hartley, F. Mossayebi, "On matrix integrators for real-time simulation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 113-118, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A matrix integration method is generalized to systems with zero eigenvalues. It is shown that the regression coefficients of the integrator can be determined without explicitly computing the inverse of the system Jacobian. This is done by transforming the original system into a new system whose Jacobian is in block upper triangular form. A numerical example is included for illustrative purposes

37.2.2    R.M.H. Cheng, S.C.L. Poon, T. Montor, "Adaptive synchronization control of a robotic manipulator operating in an intelligent workcell," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 119-126, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The formulation and implementation of a synchronization control scheme applicable to a robotic workcell is described. Such a workcell typically consists of a conveyor system that transports industrial workpieces, a binary camera to recognize the geometric and other characteristics of the workpiece, and a robotic manipulator that is suitably controlled to direct its end effector to achieve a synchronized rendezvous with the workpiece. Subsequent to a successful rendezvous, the robot may pick up the piece (in pick-an-place operations) or perform such other online operations as assembly, processing, or quality inspection. A methodology to ensure rapid rendezvous with accurate tracking is emphasized. Simulation and implementation results are compared and discussed

37.2.3    P.K. Nandam, P.C. Sen, "A comparative study of a Luenberger observer and adaptive observer-based variable structure speed control system using a self-controlled synchronous motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 127-132, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An analysis of the state-observer-based robust speed control of a self-controlled synchronous motor (SCSM) is presented. A variable-structure control technique is utilized to achieve robust (parameter-insensitive) characteristics. The speed and acceleration signals required for the implementation of the variable-structure speed control (VSSC) are dynamically estimated with state observers. Two kinds of observers-the Luenberger full-order observer and an adaptive observer-are explored. The results obtained illustrate that Luenberger observers do not estimate the system states accurately when the system parameters vary. This inaccuracy in the state estimation results in a deterioration of the VSSC performance. Therefore, the possibility of using an adaptive state observer (ASO) is investigated. It is shown that the ASO estimates the system parameters and the system states simultaneously, thus making VSSC possible. The design methods and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the potential of the scheme

37.2.4    A. Lumsdaine, J.H. Lang, "State observers for variable-reluctance motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 133-142, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A sequence of progressively more complex state observers, each driven by measurements of phase voltages and currents, is developed for variable-reluctance motors. For the simpler observers, the exponential stability of their error dynamics in a neighborhood of the origin is proved. For all observers, the results of numerical or physical experiments are provided to demonstrate the globally stable error dynamics. In several of the physical experiments, rotor position is estimated to better than one part in 50000 of a revolution

37.2.5    P.N. Enjeti, P.D. Ziogas, J.F. Lindsay, M.H. Rashid, "A new PWM speed control system for high-performance AC motor drives ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 143-151, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An approach to speed control for AC motor drives that uses programmed PWM (pulse width modulation) switching patterns over the complete range of output speed is presented. The scheme provides smooth operation during the required switching-pattern changes and guarantees high-quality output voltage and current in the AC motor load, making it most suitable for high-performance, high-efficiency applications. A detailed description of the scheme and its realization is provided. Results of an experimental investigation on a variable-speed induction motor and a permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive system illustrate the advantages of the scheme

37.2.6    H.M. El-Bolok, "A microprocessor-based firing circuit for thyristors working under a three-phase variable-frequency supply," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 152-155, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor-based firing scheme for controlling antiparallel-connected thyristors working under a three-phase variable frequency supply is presented. The firing angle is controlled by microcomputer software. The desired firing angle is given to the microprocessor and is then kept constant irrespective of supply frequency. This is achieved by measuring the frequency of one-phase (or line-to-line) voltage at every supply voltage cycle and accordingly adjusting the required time delay to get the desired firing angle for the thyristors of each phase. The required hardware is considerably reduced by using a zero-crossing detector for only the one-phase (or line-to-line) voltage of the three-phase supply. The firing instants of the thyristors connected to the other two phases are adjusted relative to the calculated instant of firing for the thyristors connected to the measured phase. The hardware and software used to implement the firing scheme are described

37.2.7    H.M. El-Bolek, S.S. Abd-El-Hamid, "A microprocessor-based self-adjusting system for integral cycle power control of RL loads," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 156-159, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor-based method is introduced to eliminate the DC current offset component in integral cycle-controlled resistive and inductive (RL) loads. After choosing a suitable initial value of the triac (or thyristor) firing angle α (90° for best results), the microprocessor adjusts α, bringing it closer to the load power factor angle φ at every burst of conduction. A firing angle that is almost equal to φ is reached after few bursts. This eliminates the undesired DC current offset component. The use of the microprocessor allows a simpler and more flexible solution to the problem than conventional techniques

37.2.8    M.K. Kazimierczuk, X.T. Bui, "Class-E amplifier with an inductive impedance inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 160-166, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A design procedure and experimental results are presented for a class-E amplifier with an inductive impedance inverter. Experimental waveforms and characteristics measured at 1 MHz with an IRF620 MOSFET are given for the amplifier, which can operate under zero-voltage switching conditions for load resistances ranging from a short circuit to an open circuit. As the load resistance is increased at a fixed frequency, (1) the output power decreases, (2) a maximum efficiency of 96% occurs for optimum operation, (3) the peak values of the transistor voltage and the transistor current decrease, (4) the normalized peak values of the transistor voltage decrease, and (5) the normalized peak values of the transistor current increase

37.2.9    J.H.R. Enslin, J.D. Van Wyk, P. Van Rhyn, J.J. Schoeman, "Low-voltage, high-efficiency switch-mode high-power inverters for AC link converter applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 167-172, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A 30 kVA high-frequency link converter, which consists of 6×5 kVA center-tap power block topologies operating in parallel, is considered for battery-fed DC-AC converter applications. Practical solutions for minimizing currents circulating between the different power blocks, avoiding transformer saturation in forced commutated center-tap topologies, and minimizing transistor-on losses are incorporated and illustrated by means of practical measurements and results. A simple single-capacitor snubber network, operating in parallel with a second-stage capacitor snubber, is used for these converter types. Typical applications include mobile and telecommunications uninterruptible power supply systems; high AC-voltage loads fed from photovoltaic or hybrid energy systems; and battery-fed, mobile, variable-speed AC and DC drives

37.2.10    J.J. Jozwik, M.K. Kazimierczuk, "Analysis and design of class-E2 DC/DC converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 173-183, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A family of class-E2 DC/DC power converters is introduced. Their analysis and design are presented and experimentally verified. The converters are composed of class-E inverters and class-E rectifiers. Zero-voltage switching (with low dv/dt) of the transistor and zero-current switching (with low di/dt ) of the rectifier diode reduce switching losses in both stages of the converters, making them especially suitable for high-frequency operation. Because of the high loaded quality factor of the resonant circuit, the range of frequency required for output-voltage regulation is as narrow as 5.46% for load resistances from a full load of 100 Ω to an open circuit. The full-load overall efficiency is 80.36% at 1 MHz. The converters can also operate at a fixed frequency if synchronous rectifiers are applied. The reduction of class-E2 converters to lower order converters is presented. Many multiresonant converter topologies are created in this way. The class-E2 converters can be utilized to build highly efficient high-power-density switching power supplies

37.2.11    C.W. De Silva, "Design equations for the tooth distribution of stepping motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 184-186, April 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Two design equations for stepping motors are developed in terms of number of phases, number of poles per phase, number of stator teeth per pole, number of steps per revolution, step angle, tooth pitch of the rotor, and tooth pitch of the stator. Two tooth distribution configurations are considered. In one type of motor, the tooth pitch of the rotor is not equal to the tooth pitch of the stator. In the second type, the two pitch angles are equal, but there is a pole-to-pole offset in the stator tooth distribution to generate the necessary driving torque. A typical use of the design equations is illustrated using numerical examples. The design equations can be used in the evaluation of existing motors and in the design of new motors

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 37,  Number 3, June 1990           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



37.3.1    C.M. Lim, "Experimental evaluation of a self-tuning controller," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 193-194, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A self-tuning control (STC) scheme is examined in real time by comparing its performance with that of two other control schemes. Experimental results show that the controller is superior to a well-known conventional self-tuning controller and a proportional-plus-integral (PI) self-tuning controller whose parameters are selected on the basis of a pole assignment method. The control scheme can be extended to multi-input multi-output systems

37.3.2    P.A.W. Walker, F.A. Torkey, "On-line self-tuning control of processes with inaccessible state ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 195-202, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The practical implementation of an explicit multivariable state-space self-tuning controller using a hybrid configured microcomputer system is described. The control structure is based on the minimization of a multistage quadratic performance index using dynamic programming or a single-stage performance index based on a Lyapunov function. Measurement of readily available output measurements from the controlled plant is all that is required. The system hardware is centered around a 16-b Sirius microcomputer interfaced to an analog computer on which the plant is simulated. Application software is handled under the MS-DOS operating system using a mixture of high-level and low-level programming languages

37.3.3    J.H.R. Enslin, J.D. Van Wyk, M. Naude, "Adaptive, closed-loop control of dynamic power filters as fictitious power compensators," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 203-211, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A new control philosophy, utilizing both thyristor-controlled reactive (TCR) sources and dynamic power filters (DPFs) has been proposed by J.H.R. Enslin and J.D. Van Wyk (IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol.5, no.1, 1990) in the application of fictitious power compensation. This study shows the closed-loop control of a DPF using an adaptive signal processing algorithm based on the cross-correlation between the voltage and current waveforms. The control strategy is based on the derivation of equivalent network parameters, which are calculated from digital time domain cross-correlation signal processing techniques and implemented with the aid of a microcomputer. Practical results under quasidynamic operating conditions obtained from a 15 kVA three-phase dynamic power filter are given

37.3.4    G.O. Beale, "Real-time simulation of dynamic systems on a pyramid architecture ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 212-220, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The applicability of a pyramid architecture, the GAM-2 pyramid computer, for the real-time simulation of dynamic systems is demonstrated. The architecture of the computer and the manner in which data are exchanged between processing elements are discussed. The author focuses on how the differential equations and the various computational units of the integration algorithm can be partitioned among the processing elements at the different levels in the pyramid in order to minimize the computation and data transfer times. The required computation time of an integration cycle is evaluated, and conclusions are drawn concerning the efficiency of using the GAM-2 pyramid and similar structures for digital simulation

37.3.5    G.F. Mauer, "On-line cylinder fault diagnostics for internal combustion engines ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 221-226, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The ability to continuously monitor internal combustion engines for the existence and location of faults can improve engine reliability and reduce operating costs. The diagnostics method is based on recording the engine speed fluctuations at the flywheel and at the front end of the engine over one combustion cycle. From the speed fluctuations, the cylinder-to-cylinder variations of the net engine torque are computed. The performance deterioration of an individual cylinder is detected as a drop of computed torque. The diagnostic hardware consists of a digital engine speed data acquisition system and an embedded controller and is suited for in-vehicle installation. The method, suited for any multicylinder engine, detects the location and severity of faults during normal engine operation. Adjustments for individual engines of the same class are not required

37.3.6    E.Y.Y. Ho, P.C. Sen, "A microcontroller-based induction motor drive system using variable structure strategy with decoupling," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 227-235, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The sliding-mode control concept is applied in the outer loop of a speed drive system utilizing a series-connected wound rotor induction machine (SCWRIM). A design procedure is outlined for the sliding-mode speed controller. The methods of decoupling and torque linearization for the SCWRIM are derived using the field-orientation as well as the torque angle control concepts. Sliding-mode control with cascaded integral operation is used to reduce torque chattering and steady-state error. Accelerator sliding lines are introduced to enable better utilization of the torque capability of the drive system. The parameter-insensitive response provided by this method of control is demonstrated. The effects on the dynamic and static performance with varying drive inertia and load disturbance are studied and compared with the conventional approach using PI control. The influences of sampling effects on sliding-mode control performance are also illustrated and discussed. Microcontroller-based implementation of the speed drive system is employed. Both simulation and experimental results are presented

37.3.7    S. Matsuda, H. Ogi, K. Nishimura, Y. Okataku, S. Tamura, "Power system voltage control by distributed expert systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 236-240, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A case study of the application of a distributed control scheme to a power system control is presented. In addition, an investigation has been conducted into voltage control. Combined injection of VAr-compensating devices controlled by distributed expert systems has been proposed as a measure to maintain voltage stability in a power system under heavy loading conditions. A simulation study has been carried out by using five workstations that represent a power system and four VAr-compensating devices. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system for voltage recovery

37.3.8    S.A. Hall, "Pulse-width-modulating control of a nonlinear electromagnetic actuator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 241-249, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The performance of a fast, nonlinear, clapper-type electromagnetic actuator used in impact printing is controlled by real-time measurement and feedback. The objective is to regulate flight time, which is the time from start to actuation to impact. Toward this end, control is applied digitally via pulse-width modulation of a series of coil-driving pulses, which together propel the armature through its trajectory. Each pulse is modulated individually based on state-variable errors measured on its rising edge. The functional relationships between the measured state-variable errors and the required pulse-width modulations are derived systematically, using a computer-controlled method involving trial-and-error experimentation followed by statistical regression. The resulting control law accounts for both mechanical and electrical perturbations and is expressed in an analytic format that can be applied either by look-up tables or by direct computation. Using look-up tables, typical closed-loop operation is shown to achieve dramatic reductions in flight-time error when compared with open-loop operation

37.3.9    K. Mine, Y. Morimoto, "Methods of alternating noise canceling for an instrumentation using strain gages," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 250-252, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A description is given of methods of noise canceling in instrumentation using strain gages, such as a sensor-sensordummy, a dual sensor, and a single sensor. As an example, two signals were produced by alternating the switching between the sensor and sensordummy output signals. The data processing of the two signals made a reliable signal without any noise on the signal line. In this case, `any noise' means normal mode noise (NMN) under a quarter frequency of the switching. The accuracy of this method, called alternating noise canceling, has been verified with experiments

37.3.10    A. Valenzano, L. Ciminiera, "Performance evaluation of MiniMAP networks," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 253-258, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A simulation study of the performances of MiniMAP networks is presented. The two network models used in the simulation take into account the effect of the maximum number of outstanding requests set for each manufacturing message specification (MMS) application association. Three different situations are considered. In the first, all the messages are generated at the same priority level, whereas in the other two, four priority classes that are directly mapped onto channel priorities are introduced. However, the second situation considers the use of priorities only on the client side of MMS, whereas the third uses priorities on both sides

37.3.11    J. Caven, J. Jackman, "An icon-based approach to system control development," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 259-264, June 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The implementation of an icon-based manufacturing message specification (MMS) messaging system for system control in a manufacturing automation protocol (MAP environment) is described. The system was designed with a four-layer hierarchy. The top layer acts as a user interface and essentially provides a data manipulation service. The next layer invokes the appropriate firmware calls to manage the communication process. The third layer consists of the firmware that handles the actual transmission of data across the network. The lowest level is the actual network hardware. Twelve MMS services were implemented in order to provide the capability to carry out a typical control session. The system was tested using software that simulates the external communications of an MMS virtual manufacturing device. The LabVIEW MAP environment used imposed at least two limitations on the operation of the system. First, LabVIEW makes no provision for data structures; therefore, each parameter had to be passed from the MMS layer to the code VI layer as a variable of a specific data type. Second, LabVIEW provides no convenient way to maintain global variables throughout a diagram

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 37,  Number 4, August 1990           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



37.4.1    J.-P. Jiang, S. Chen, P.K. Sinha, "Optimal feedback control of direct-current motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 269-274, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A methodology for real-time speed control of a thyristor-driven DC motor in the presence of measurement noise and load torque disturbance is developed. An optimal state feedback controller using the Kalman-filter state estimation technique is derived. This is followed by an adaptive control algorithm to compensate for the effects of noise and disturbance. These two algorithms working together are capable of providing a very high-speed regulation and dynamic response over a wide range of operating conditions. Simulated responses using an i80386-based PC with a mathematics coprocessor are presented to highlight the effectiveness of the control strategy

37.4.2    Tian-Hua Liu, Chang-Huan Liu, "Implementation of AC servo controllers employing frequency-domain optimization techniques," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 275-282, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The design and implementation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive based on H2 and H∞ optimal control theory are presented. A mathematical model of the drive is introduced. Based on appropriate assumptions, the model is reduced to a second-order, linear time-invariant system so that the H2 and H∞ optimization techniques are applicable. H2 and H∞ controllers are derived on the basis of the simplified model. A stability analysis is conducted, and stability regions based on controller tuning parameters and sampling periods are constructed. The relationship between closed-loop bandwidth and sampling period due to discretization effect is investigated. Implementation of the controllers and experimental results are described. A multiprocessor-based, fully digital control system is used to realize and experimentally verify the H2 and H∞ control algorithms. Controller performance is evaluated in terms of speed and position responses, and closed-loop and sensitivity frequency responses

37.4.3    T. Murata, T. Tsuchiya, I. Takeda, "Vector control for induction machine on the application of optimal control theory," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 283-290, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An approach for constructing a field-oriented control system using the state-space method is proposed. The field-oriented control system can be realized by coinciding the synchronously rotating reference frame with the axes of the secondary flux linkage reference frame and by simultaneously but independently adjusting the three control inputs. A control-system synthesis method that achieves speed control, field-oriented control, and constant flux control simultaneously is presented. The control system has a full-state feedback structure and is synthesized by applying a multi-input and multi-output optimal regulator theory. The excellent robustness of the constructed system results in zero steady-state errors for changes in parameters such as rotor resistance. The validity of the control scheme is verified by simulation studies. Results are presented for a field-oriented induction motor driven by a PWM (pulse-width modulation) inverter

37.4.4    R. Krishnan, G.-H. Rim, "Modeling, simulation, and analysis of variable-speed constant frequency power conversion scheme with a permanent magnet brushless DC generator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 291-296, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A variable-speed, constant-frequency (VSCF) power-conversion scheme with a permanent magnet DC (PMDC) brushless generator is proposed. The scheme is completely modeled for steady state by integrating the characteristic equations of the generator, the diode rectifier bridge and the inverter, and the harmonic characteristics for steady-state performance computation. Commutation overlap effects are also included. Key performance characteristics are experimentally verified with a laboratory prototype. The excellent correlation between the predicted and experimental results confirms the validity of the model. For the purpose of filter design, harmonics of the rectified generator voltages are analytically derived. A recommendation for overcoming the low power factor on the utility side at low speeds using the forced-commutated converters is given

37.4.5    A.K.S. Bhat, M.M. Swamny, "Analysis and design of a parallel resonant converter including the effect of a high-frequency transformer," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 297-306, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A high-frequency (HF)-link DC-DC parallel resonant converter (PRC) operating above resonance is analyzed using the state-space approach. The analysis includes the effect of the leakage and magnetizing inductances of the high-frequency transformer. Steady-state solutions are derived and used to obtain the design curves. A method of obtaining an optimum operating point under certain constraints is developed and used as the basis of a simple design procedure. The analysis shows that including an HF transformer introduces a new mode of operation in between the two general steady-state modes. Experimental results obtained with a MOSFET-based PRC for three different transformer turns ratios are presented to support the theory. Efficiencies of about 89% were obtained for 985 W, 115 V, and 230 V output converters, whereas an efficiency of about 86% was obtained for a 15 V, 63 A converter. It was observed that the introduction of the transformer considerably affected the performance, especially in the case of low output voltage and large load current converters

37.4.6    M.A. Manzoul, "Multiple overcurrent relays using a single microprocessor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 307-309, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The implementation of a four-overcurrent-relay system using a single 8085 microprocessor is described. The implementation is based on the concept of multitasking in microprocessors. The relays are considered to be independent of each other. Each relay is realized by a separable counter and a look-up table in the memory. The software development and hardware testing are done using the HP-64000 UX Microprocessor Development System. The system does not depend on the 8085 microprocessor; other microprocessors can be used. The hardware and software are modular, and more relays can be added

37.4.7    Vineeta, K. Kant, "Microcomputer-based single-phase to three-phase cycloconverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 310-316, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor application for a single-phase to three-phase cycloconverter is presented. An algorithm is formulated for the cosine-wave modulation method so that it requires only one reference wave (RW) to generate the trigger pulses for all three phases. The method is implemented on an 8085 microprocessor system with output frequencies that are integer submultiples of the input frequency. The operating principle of the cycloconverter is reviewed. A complete software design of the scheme is given, and test results are presented for an induction motor load. The difference between the experimental and the calculated values of the firing angle is in the range of 0 to 0.51° for the selected step size of 1°. This can be reduced further by reducing the step size from 1° to some lower value. Output voltage and current waveforms for an induction motor load approach sinusoidal

37.4.8    M. Emaami, H.C. Wood, H.M. Skarsgard, "A controller for plasma motion in a Tokamak based on model estimation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 317-322, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A simple model and its application in designing the plasma position control system in the Saskatoon Torus Medium (STOR-M ) Tokamak are described. Estimating the model parameters, the design of a controller, plasma position measurement, the design of a power driver, and the implementation and testing of the complete system are included. The following assumptions are made to simplify the plasma position model: the plasma is treated as a moving axisymmetric, current-carrying filament; the iron-core of the transformer is approximated by an infinitely long cylinder; and the STOR-M vacuum vessel is constructed of type-304L stainless steel, is circular in cross-section, and is 4 mm in thickness. The model was very useful in the early stages of the design, but due to practical constraints the parameters of the model could not be determined very accurately. A least-squares-error algorithm was used offline to determine revised estimates of the model's parameters. Based on these values, the PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller was tuned. A 30 kA plasma has been successfully contained for a time of 50 ms, which is the maximum time required for this machine

37.4.9    V. Anunciada, M.M. Silva, "New constant-frequency current-mode control for power converters, stable for all values of duty ratio, and usable in all four quadrants ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 323-325, August 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A constant-frequency, current-mode, pulse-width modulator (PWM) for switching power converters is presented. The PWM is stable for any value of the duty ration (δ) and is suitable for operation in one to four quadrants of the output current-voltage plane. The control system can be used with most DC-DC power-converter topologies. Due to its unique properties of δ range stability and four-quadrant operation, the control process is particularly useful in DC-AC conversion. The process is clearly advantageous compared to the other current-mode control method, the bang-bang process. It has all the advantages inherent to constant-frequency operation, including the possibility of paralleling different converters without low-frequency beating and the suppression of low-frequency subharmonics in DC-AC conversion

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 37,  Number 5, Oct 1990           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



37.5.1    T.M. Jahns, "Designing intelligent muscle into industrial motion control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 329-341, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Following a brief discussion of the underlying PIC (power integrated circuit) semiconductor technology, a tutorial review of PIC applications in a broad spectrum of stepper, DC, brushless DC, and AC motor drive configurations is presented. PIC designs used in motor drives covering a range of power ratings from <100 W to >10 kW are surveyed. Strengths and limitations of present PIC technology are discussed, revealing likely directions for future PIC developments and their potential impact on tomorrow's motion control systems

37.5.2    P.M. Pelczewski, U.H. Kunz, "The optimal control of a constrained drive system with brushless DC motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 342-348, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The optimal (according to the quadratic performance index) control method of a drive position system with an electronically commutated brushless DC motor is discussed. Initially developed for linear, unconstrained, and undistributed systems, this optimal control method is now applied to a system having constrained state and input variables (e.g. armature voltage, armature current, rotor speed) and unknown disturbances (e.g. load torque). The method uses an undisturbed and unconstrained model for a model-following adaptive control of the real system. The control method is verified through computer simulation using the data from a real drive position system. Results show that the controlled system operates effectively at the limiting state variables, which represent the real system. In addition, the final position is reached without overshoots

37.5.3    Bum-Jae You, Young Seok Oh, Zeungnam Bien, "A vision system for an automatic assembly machine of electronic components," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 349-357, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A vision system for the automatic assembly of electronic components is developed. The vision system presents information about positions, orientations, and quality of rectangular-shaped electronic components in real time. The orientation is detected by the windowed Hough transform along with a simple edge-detection method, whereas the position of each component is determined by using the projection method with dynamic thresholding. In addition, real-time implementation of the vision system in which multiple central processors are used for parallel processing of the algorithms is described

37.5.4    H. Zhang, G. Trott, R.P. Paul, "Minimum delay PID control of interpolated joint trajectories of robot manipulators," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 358-364, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The digital implementation of an optimal PID (proportional integral derivative) controller of linearly interpolated joint trajectories is presented. The controller obtains optimal performance by reformulating the PID control law to minimize the time delay between the position transducer reading and the application of the corrective torque. Compared with the PID controller that is computed in a straightforward fashion, this formulation reduces the time delay by a factor of three. The superior performance of the proposed minimum-delay PID (MD PID) is demonstrated by experiments on a robot manipulator. Other practical issues associated with a digital PID control of joint trajectories of a robot manipulator, such as integer overflow and compensation for dynamics and joint-friction, are discussed

37.5.5    S. Tzafestas, N.P. Papanikolopoulos, "Incremental fuzzy expert PID control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 365-371, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An approach to intelligent PID (proportional integral derivative) control of industrial systems which is based on the application of fuzzy logic is presented. This approach assumes that one has available nominal controller parameter settings through some classical tuning technique (Ziegler-Nichols, Kalman, etc.). By using an appropriate fuzzy matrix (similar to Macvicar-Whelan matrix), it is possible to determine small changes on these values during the system operation, and these lead to improved performance of the transient and steady behavior of the closed-loop system. This is achieved at the expense of some small extra computational effort, which can be very easily undertaken by a microprocessor. Several experimental results illustrate the improvements achieved

37.5.6    L.A. Dessaint, B.J. Hebert, H. Le-Huy, G. Cavuoti, "A DSP-based adaptive controller for a smooth positioning system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 372-377, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The implementation of a self-tuning regulator for the positioning of a direct-drive servomotor is described. The servo motor is a permanent magnet DC motor in which no speed reducer is used. The auto-tuning regulator consists of two major loops. The inner loop contains a feedback (PD or PID) regulator with additional feedforward terms. The parameters of the feedforward compensation are adjusted by the outer loop, which contains an online parameter estimator. The estimator is based on a recursive least-squares equation, and the estimated parameters are the load inertia and viscous friction. This self-tuning regulator has been simulated with PC.MATLAB, and the results demonstrate the high performance of the scheme. Experimental results obtained with a small DC motor (Electrocraft E-576) are presented, and these results show good agreement with the digital simulation results. There are two innovative aspects to this work. First, parameter estimation is used to adapt the feedforward compensation terms instead of the gains of the feedback controller, as usually is the case in conventional indirect self-tuning regulators. Secondly, the complete adaptive controller has been implemented using a single-chip digital signal processor (DSP), which results in the reduction of system hardware and cost

37.5.7    M. Yamaguchi, T. Saito, M. Izumitani, S. Sugita, Y. Tsutsumi, "Analysis of control characteristics using fuel cell plant simulator ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 378-386, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: To estimate the operational characteristics of duel cell power plants, the authors developed a dynamic simulator and analyzed the operating characteristics. In the simulations, attention is given to the pressure difference between the cathode and anode of the fuel cell and the system base pressure. The former is important for safe operation of the fuel cell and the latter is important for safe operation of the reformer. For load following and shut-down modes of the 1 MW plant studied, calculation results were compared with actual test results and agree fairly well

37.5.8    S. Lorenzo, J.M. Ruiz, F. Aldana, M. Shaker, "A new modeling and simulation CAD package for power converter design," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 387-397, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The PECADS software CAD package is a powerful PC-based tool, used in the study and design of power electronics, in which a new real structure simulation concept has been developed. The system has the capability for steady-state simulation, which allows topology election, FFT analysis, etc., and for slow down real-time simulation, which allows system identification, digital regulator synthesis, and closed-loop system simulation. The full PECADS package also includes power semiconductors, protection sizing (using the magnitudes simulation capability), and a dedicated expert system that generates the most adequate switching pattern sequence for every application. The total system is fully open to expansion or improvement

37.5.9    N.C. Das, A.K. Mukhopadhyay, "Microprocessor-based on-line monitoring and characterization of power factor of a synchronous motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 398-401, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An attempt is made to develop a microprocessor-based system for online monitoring of the power factor of a synchronous motor. The method is based purely on software design with the use of two resistors (of small ohmic values and high current carrying capacity) connected in series with the field circuit and load circuit, which generate the reference signals for the microprocessor. However, for mechanical loading, the resistance in the load circuit may be replaced by a torque transducer. The interesting feature of the system is its capability to characterize the status (i.e. leading, lagging, or unity) of the power factor. The system is helpful in providing necessary information for power factor corrections leading to the best utilization of the synchronous motor

37.5.10    B.K. Bose, "An adaptive hysteresis-band current control technique of a voltage-fed PWM inverter for machine drive system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 402-408, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An adaptive hysteresis-band control method where the band is modulated with the system parameters to maintain the modulation frequency to be nearly constant is described. Although the technique is applicable to general AC motor drives and other types of load, an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine load is considered. Systematic analytical expressions of the hysteresis band are derived as functions of system parameters. An IPM machine drive system with a voltage-fed current-controlled PWM (pulse width modulation) inverter has been computer simulated to study the performance of the proposed method

37.5.11    L.D. Salazar, P.D. Ziogas, "A high-frequency forward DC/DC converter topology with transformer flux balancing capability," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 409-418, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The analysis and design of a high-frequency forward DC/DC power converter topology with transformer flux balancing capability is presented. The converter utilizes a main switch for load current commutation and an auxiliary switch for transformer flux balancing. Moreover, the converter topology provides the means to recover the energy associated with the parasitic inductances of the circuit components, thus yielding high efficiency and allowing for high operating frequencies. Experimental results for a 1 kW, 20 kHz prototype unit are presented

37.5.12    R.K.F. Teng, A.A. Mostafa, A. Karim, "Study of solar cell fabrication using an electrostatic thick-film printing method," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 419-423, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel thick-film circuit printing technique which is based on the electrostatic principle known as noncontact electrostatic thick-film printing was developed for the metallization of edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) solar cells. The conventional thick-film solar cell inks were modified by adding 10-20% terpineol solvent. The effects of ink viscosity, applied voltages, nozzle diameter, and nozzle-to-substrate distance on line definition and ink-flow rate were investigated. A simple theoretical model was derived for the electrostatic ink ejection. The minimum line width obtained was 3 mm. Multilayer printing was able to be used to raise the line film thickness. The maximum line width obtained was about 20-30 mm for a single run. The system is now completely computercontrolled and capable of printing films onto solar cell substrates reliably, with a high degree of accuracy. Multiple-layer prints can be made with food layer-to-layer registration

37.5.13    Hurng-Liahng Jou, Hui-Yung Chu, Ching-Lien Huang, Chin-Hsing Chen, "A shortest data window algorithm for detecting the peak value of sinusoidal signals," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 424-425, Oct 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A digital algorithm for detecting the peak value of known-frequency sinusoidal signals is proposed. The algorithm detects the peak value of a sinusoidal signal exactly and uses only two successive sampled data points for each peak value calculation. Hence, its transient response is only a sampling period. Simulation results show that this algorithm is applicable to detecting the peak value of steady-state, varying, and decaying sinusoidal signals used in power system telecontrol. Therefore, this technique is very useful for digital systems in which the peak value of sinusoidal signals must be detected

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 37,  Number 6, Dec 1990           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



37.6.1    V. Catania, L. Milazzo, A. Puliafito, L. Vita, "Enhancing reliability in an industrial LAN: design and performability evaluation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 433-441, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A fault-tolerant fiber-optic LAN (local area network) is presented and assessed. The reliability of this LAN has been increased by introducing redundancy into the physical transmission medium and by providing the network with a monitor process that is capable of detecting and isolating faults automatically. The network is modeled by applying Markov process theory, through which the mean time to failure (MTTF) and performability are assessed. The results obtained show that the network exhibits a significant increase in MTTF and performability, which is all the more evident if the coverage factor c is closer to 1 and if the number of stations is higher. Redundancy in the transmission medium and the monitor process enable the network to overcome the typical reliability limitations affecting ring topologies and allow it to be used in some critical industrial applications

37.6.2    P. Montuschi, A. Valenzano, L. Ciminiera, "Selection of token holding times in timed-token protocols," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 442-451, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Minimum requirements for the high-priority token holding time (HPTHT) in a network using timed token access protocols (such as IEEE 802.4 and FDDI) are derived in order to ensure that the throughput of synchronous messages is no lower than the amount of traffic generated for that class. The minimal value is essential in order to avoid unbounded queue length for the synchronous class as well as to achieve high network responsiveness. The results have been obtained for synchronous messages generated according to a generic periodic pattern with no constraint for the shape and for the period of the pattern. The manner in which the theoretical results obtained can be used to tune the network performance is also shown

37.6.3    Fu-Juay Chang, Hsiang-Ju Liao, Shyand Chang, "Position control of DC motors via variable structure systems control: a chattering alleviation approach," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 452-459, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel chattering alleviation control (CAC) algorithm is proposed for variable structure systems (VSSs). Both analog and digital controllers using the theory of CAC are applied to the position control problem of a DC servomotor system. Comparisons of the CAC with other VSS control algorithms indicate that the chattering can be alleviated. Since the input of the CAC method contains only low-frequency components, it will not excite unmodeled high-frequency plant dynamics

37.6.4    N. Hemati, J.S. Thorp, M.C. Leu, "Robust nonlinear control of brushless DC motors for direct-drive robotic applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 460-468, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The control problem associated with brushless DC motors (BLDCMs) for direct-drive robotic applications is considered. In order to guarantee the high-performance operation of BLDCMs in such applications, the effects of reluctance variations and magnetic saturation are accounted for in the model. Such a BLDCM model constitutes a highly coupled and nonlinear dynamic system. Using the transformation theory of nonlinear systems, a feedback control law, which is shown to compensate for the system nonlinearities, is derived. Conditions under which such a control law is possible are presented. The need for the derivation of explicit commutation strategies is eliminated, resulting in reduction of the computations involved. To guarantee the high-performance operation of the system under substantial uncertainties, a robust control law is derived and appended to the overall control structure. The inclusion of the robust controller results in good tracking performance when there are modeling and measurement errors and payload uncertainties. The efficacy of the overall control law is investigated by considering a single-link direct-drive arm actuated by a BLDCM

37.6.5    R. Krishnan, P.N. Materu, "Design of a single-switch-per-phase converter for switched reluctance motor drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 469-476, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The main considerations in the design of a single-switch-per-phase converter for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive are described, with particular attention given to the choice of converter topology, the type of switching devices, the normalized rating of the power devices, and input filter design. The converter uses MOSFET switches. Experimental verification is included with a 6/4 pole personal-computer-controlled prototype SRM drive

37.6.6    C.C. Chan, H. Wang, "An effective method for rotor resistance identification for high-performance induction motor vector control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 477-482, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An effective method for rotor resistance identification is presented for the purpose of improving the performance of vector control of induction motor drives. The method is mathematically derived from proper selection of coordinate axes and utilization of the steady-state model of the induction motor. The major advantages of the method lie in its simplicity and accuracy. A series of computer simulations has been performed with very satisfactory results

37.6.7    I. Avitan, V. Skormin, "Mathematical modeling and computer simulation of a separately excited DC motor with independent armature/field control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 483-489, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A mathematical model of a separately excited DC motor, providing an in-depth description of major physical transformations, is developed. The model is implemented in computer simulation code which, in combination with a SIMPLEX optimization procedure, is used for parameter estimation and model verification. The model is suggested as a basis for development of microprocessor-based control procedures providing additional flexibility as well as optimizing motor performance

37.6.8    S.S. Valtchev, J.B. Klaassens, "Efficient resonant power conversion," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 490-495, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The DC analysis of a series-resonant converter operating above resonant frequency is presented. The results are used to analyze the current form factor and its effect on the efficiency. The selection of the switching frequency to maximize the efficiency is considered. The derived expressions are generalized and can be applied to calculations in any of the switching modes for a series-resonant circuit. For switching frequencies higher than the resonant frequency, an area of more efficient operation is indicated which will aid in the design of this class of converters and power supplies. It is pointed out that (especially for power MOSFETs where ohmic losses dominate) it is more attractive to select switching frequencies that are higher than the resonant frequency because of the possibility of nondissipative snubbers. Slowing down the rise of the gate voltage and, hence, the slow decrease of ON resistance during turn-on is also not a drawback to high-frequency switching. Because of this safer operation, the standard intrinsic diode of the power MOSFET could be used at high frequencies instead of the more expensive FREDFET

37.6.9    L.D. Salazar, P.D. Ziogas, "A high-frequency two-switch forward converter with optimized performance," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 496-505, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The analysis and design of a high-frequency two-switch forward converter topology with transformer flux balancing and extended duty cycle capability are presented. To improve converter performance, an auxiliary circuit connected in parallel with each power switch is proposed. This auxiliary circuit uses a low-power switch or a nonlinear resistor connected in series with a capacitor. As a result, the DC component of the magnetizing current is minimized, and the converter provides the means of recovering the energy associated with the parasitic inductances of the circuit components. Thus, higher than usual efficiency and higher operating frequencies are obtained. Experimental results are presented for a 4 kW, 40 kHz prototype unit

37.6.10    J. Holtz, K.-H. Werner, "Multi-inverter UPS system with redundant load sharing control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 506-513, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The concept of a redundant multi-inverter UPS (uninterruptible power supply) system which includes extended monitoring of the status and the operating conditions of all power electronic equipment is described. Each block of the UPS system is monitored by two independent microcomputers that process the same data. The microcomputers are part of a redundant distributed monitoring system that is separately interlinked by two serial data buses through which they communicate. They establish a hierarchy among the participating blocks by defining one of the healthy inverter blocks as the master. The actual master runs the central synchronizing unit for the entire system, whereas the slave units perform the control of equal active and reactive load sharing. Operation and fault detection are experimentally illustrated in a dual inverter system with a rating of 10 kVA of redundant power

37.6.11    F.J. Gracia, F. Arizti, F.J. Aranceta, "A nonideal macromodel of thyristor for transient analysis in power electronic systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 514-520, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A nonideal SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) macromodel for analog power circuit simulation using SPICE has been developed. This model adds important second-order effects such as overvoltage and critical dVAk/dt switch-on, turn-on, and tq times, threshold gate trigger voltage, and nonlinear on-state characteristics. The parameters of any specific SCR can be easily obtained from its data sheet specifications. Any kind of thyristor, from high power up to fast turn-off, can be modeled with only 10 well-defined parameters. Electronic systems with electrical transients can be successfully simulated. Good agreement between manufacturer data sheet specifications and simulated results has been observed for all the thyristors considered

37.6.12    A.R. Prasad, P.D. Ziogas, S. Manias, "A novel passive waveshaping method for single-phase diode rectifiers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 521-530, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel passive waveshaping method for single-phase diode rectifiers is presented. It is shown that application of the proposed method maintains high-input power factor, lowers rectifier current stresses, and lowers the volt-ampere (VA) rating of the associated reactive components as compared to the standard diode rectifier. Relevant input and output current waveforms, component ratings, and power factor values are derived. Different modes of operation are discussed as a means of obtaining high performance. Key predictions, such as input/output waveforms and associated harmonic spectra, have been verified experimentally on a 1 kVA laboratory prototype unit

37.6.13    N. Ammasaigounden, M. Subbiah, "Microprocessor-based voltage controller for wind-driven induction generators," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 531-537, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A microprocessor-based closed-loop system has been developed for wind-driven self-excited induction generators using a controlled rectifier to maintain a constant DC load voltage with varying rotor speeds. The configuration and implementation of the control scheme are described. Test results on a self-excited induction generator demonstrate the satisfactory performance of both the hardware and the software of the control scheme, and the utility of the set-up as a whole. The steady-state analysis of the generator is extended to include the controlled rectifier, and the performance characteristics are predicted

37.6.14    Y.-Q. Shi, K.K. Yen, D. Zhang, "Improved stability robustness of linear discrete-time systems via a linear fractional transformation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 538-543, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Through a linear fractional transformation in the frequency domain, a set of hyperellipsoids, containing only such points in the coefficient space which correspond to stable polynomials in linear discrete-time systems, was obtained. Procedures for searching for a suitable transform parameter β that will achieve a possibly larger coefficient perturbation range (with guaranteed stability) than that obtained by C.B. Soh et al. (1985) are presented. When β=0, the hyperellipsoid degenerates to the largest hypersphere. The result in this work is, therefore, a generalization of the result obtained by C.B. Soh et al

37.6.15    M.M. Jovanovic, C.-S. Leu, F.C.Y. Lee, "Zero-voltage-switched multiresonant converter for high-power, pulse-load applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 544-555, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A full-bridge zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) multiresonant converter (MRC) was built for a pulse load with a peak power of 1.44 kW and an average power of 360 W. The converter works with an input-voltage range from 220 to 350 V, and delivers 32 V to the pulse load with a constant peak current of 45 A. The efficiency range of the converter was measured from 82.5 to 90.5%. The maximum efficiency occurs at low line and decreases as the input voltage increases. Detailed analysis and design of the converter, along with experimental results, are presented

37.6.16    D.C. Hanselman, "Resolver signal requirements for high accuracy resolver-to-digital conversion," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 556-561, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Tracking resolver-to-digital (R/D) conversion has emerged as the most robust method for obtaining high-resolution position information from resolvers. When driven by ideal resolver signals, tracking R/D converters currently offer position resolutions up to 216 quantization intervals/period (16-b resolution), and accuracies to 214 intervals/period (14-b accuracy). The effects of nonideal resolver signal characteristics commonly encountered in practice are investigated. Expressions for the position error reported by an R/D converter due to amplitude imbalance, quadrature error, inductive harmonics, reference phase shift, excitation signal distortion, and disturbance signals are found. From these expressions, bounds on the position accuracy achievable in practical resolver-based position-sensing systems are determined

37.6.17    P.C. Sen, "Electric motor drives and control-past, present, and future," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 562-575, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A comprehensive review of the state of the art in the field of electric motor drives and control strategies is presented. It is pointed out that drive technology has seen impressive growth during the last three decades. Recent advances in semiconductor power electronics and microelectronics have made is possible to use AC motors in many variable-speed drive applications. Implementation of new control techniques, such as field-oriented control and variable-structure control with sliding-mode features, has made AC motors a viable alternative to DC motors in high-performance drive applications. The advent of microprocessors/microcontrollers/microcomputers has made it possible to implement these complex control techniques

37.6.18    Z.O. Yonah, A.M. El-Serafi, A.E. Krause, "On the use of a digital computer as a two-phase variable-amplitude variable-frequency oscillator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 576-581, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A feasibility study on the use of a digital computer as a variable-amplitude variable-frequency oscillator which generates two-phase sinusoidal excitation control signals for a dual-excited synchronous generator is described. The oscillator uses two input signals. One input signal is used to control the frequency of the oscillator outputs, and the other is used to control their amplitudes. By a single variable, the software can be configured to vary the oscillator frequency range and to greatly reduce (almost eliminate) the harmonic distortion of the output signals. The harmonic distortion is constant and independent of the output frequency for each possible oscillator frequency range. The software-based oscillator design is flexible and can be used to generate different types of multiphase signal waveforms

37.6.19    E.J. Tacconi, R.J. Mantz, "Linearization and feedforward compensation for switching systems ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 581-584, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The linearization of a switching system including a feedforward compensation for power supply perturbations is obtained by the addition of a high-frequency signal. A general expression for the required shape and amplitude of this high-frequency signal is derived. The method is analyzed for its application to AC phase control systems. The method is outlined for the case of a DC electric motor phase control. It is then generalized to any nonlinear switching system

37.6.20    M. Bramanti, "A high sensitivity measuring technique for capacitive sensor transducers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 584-586, Dec 1990.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A measuring technique is proposed for a capacitive-type sensor that has been developed to measure the density of dielectric powder gaseous suspensions. The basic principle of the proposed technique is to measure the variations of sensor capacitance by measuring the phase shift between voltage and current in a series RLC circuit tuned to resonance. Experimental results obtained with the technique are presented

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 38,  Number 1, Feb 1991           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



38.1.1    H. Dai, N.K. Sinha, "Robust recursive instrumental variable method with modified weights for bilinear system identification," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 1-7, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Based on P.J. Huber's minimax principle (1981), both symmetric and nonsymmetric robust recursive instrumental variable methods with modified weights are developed for bilinear system identification. A novel approach is used to prove a general convergence theorem for the proposed robust methods. The robustness and convergence of the proposed approaches are demonstrated by comparison with the corresponding nonrobust approaches in two simulation examples. It is shown that the suggested methods are far superior to the nonrobust ones

38.1.2    M.A. Manzoul, "Interrupt-driven microprocessor-based overcurrent relay," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 8-9, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An interrupt-driven overcurrent relay for power systems using the 8085 microprocessor is presented. The relay requests processing time from the microprocessor only when a fault occurs. In this way, the microprocessor is given the opportunity to run other tasks such as diagnostic tests online during normal conditions

38.1.3    F. Chen, C.S. Chen, "A 20 b dynamic-range floating-point data acquisition system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 10-14, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The design and engineering of a floating-point data-acquisition system are described. The system has both automatic gain and software-programmable gain adjustment features. In automatic gain adjustment mode, the gain is set automatically dependent on the input amplitude so that the full conversion resolution is maintained irrespective of the signal dynamic range. A high-speed flash ADC with an approximately 35 ns conversion time is used to convert the signal quickly into 8 b data. A programmable array logic (PAL) then transfers this 8 b digital data into 12 b information for setting the gain of the variable-gain amplifier. The amplifier gain settings are all powers of two; thus, the normalization of the digitized data requires only a bit shifting operation and no complex software division. The gain information and the 12 b sampling ADC output increase the dynamic range to 20 b. The software package includes commands needed for the system initiation, automatic gain or software programmable gain selection, sampling and conversion, and data normalization

38.1.4    H. Arai, S. Tachi, "Position control system of a two degree of freedom manipulator with a passive joint," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 15-20, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A method is proposed for controlling the position of a manipulator with passive joints that have holding brakes instead of actuators. In this method, the coupling characteristics of manipulator dynamics are used, and no additional mechanisms are required. The effectiveness of the method was verified by experiments using a prototype manipulator. The prototype is a two-degree-of-freedom, horizontally articulated manipulator. The first axis is an active joint, and the second axis is a passive joint. While the brake of the passive joint is released, the passive joint is indirectly controlled by the motion of the active joint through the use of dynamic coupling. While the brake is engaged, the active joint is controlled. By combining these two control modes, the total position of the manipulator is controlled. The experiments show that use of this method makes the precise positioning of the passive joints possible

38.1.5    T.C.S. Hsia, T.A. Lasky, Z. Guo, "Robust independent joint controller design for industrial robot manipulators," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 21-25, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel approach is presented for the design of simple robust independent joint controllers for industrial robot manipulators. In this approach, each joint actuator is treated as a simple inertial system plus a disturbance torque representing all the unmodeled dynamics. By a very simple algorithm, the disturbance is instantly estimated and rejected, thus allowing a simple proportional-derivative (PD) control scheme to be used. The stability of the proposed control law is analyzed. Experimental evaluations of the controller on a microcomputer-controlled PUMA 560 arm were performed. It is shown that the control scheme is simple and practical and that it can be easily implemented on an industrial manipulator presently in use

38.1.6    Dong Sang Yoo, Myung Jin Chung, Zeungnam Bien, "Real-time implementation and evaluation of dynamic control algorithms for industrial manipulators," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 26-31, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors explore the real-time implementation of various dynamic control algorithms, which use different levels of information of the dynamics of a robot system, to show the feasibility and effectiveness of such algorithms. For this purpose, the dynamic equations of a robot manipulator based on Lagrange mechanisms are derived, converted to the equivalent dynamics with respect to the actuator, and added to the actuator dynamics. Hysteresis current controllers are used as the torque-type controller. Experimental results indicate that the computed torque and iterative learning control methods perform better than classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and that these algorithms can be effectively applied to controlling industrial manipulators

38.1.7    Marn Go Kim, Myung Joong Youn, "A discrete time domain modeling and analysis of controlled series resonant converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 32-40, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A discrete time domain modeling and analysis technique applicable to all types of inner-feedback and noninner-feedback-controlled series resonant converter (SRC) is presented. The nonlinear discrete time domain equations representing the static and dynamic behavior of the SRC are derived and linearized about the equilibrium state of the SRC. In addition, the inner-feedback control law is linearized about the equilibrium state. The linearized SRC and the linearized inner-feedback control law are then combined to arrive at a linearized inner-feedback-controlled SRC. The linearized modeling is used to analyze the stability and dynamic characteristics of the controlled SRC

38.1.8    M.P. Kazmierkowski, W. Sulkowski, "A novel vector control scheme for transistor PWM inverter-fed induction motor drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 41-47, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel vector control scheme for a transistor pulse-width-modulation (PWM)-inverter-fed induction motor drive is presented. The system is based on a current control loop that consists of two independent nonlinear controllers that regulate the DC (field-oriented) components of the stator current vector. Three-level hysteresis comparators are used as current controllers. The outputs of the comparators select the appropriate inverter output voltage vectors via a switching erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) table. The theoretical principle of this method is discussed. Simulation and experimental results that illustrate the operation of the proposed system and performance in comparison with the other known schemes based on two-level hysteresis comparators are presented

38.1.9    C. Frangos, Y. Yavin, "Current controller design for an electromagnetic actuator using an online parameter optimization approach," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 48-50, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The design is presented of a digital proportional-plus-integral current controller for a nonlinear electromagnetic actuator using an online parameter optimization approach. The minimization algorithm of J.A. Nelder and R. Mead (1965) is used to calculate the proportional and integral controller gain such that a design objective function is minimized. At each iteration of the minimization procedure, the objective function is calculated by sampling the actual current and voltage signals of the actuator

38.1.10    S. Saadate, R. Le Doeuff, R. Periot, "Design of a high-voltage GTO chopper for traction drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 51-56, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A chopper operating at 4000 V and 800 A RMS using two large series-connected GTOs (4500 V, 2500 A) is designed. The series connection of GTOs is considered, including criteria for the selection of GTOs, design of snubbers, and adaption of GTO controls. The advantages and drawbacks of the strategies used are discussed. Detailed experimental results concerning the GTOs' commutations and the snubber circuits are presented. The influence of important parameters, such as the load current on the transient voltage distribution on the GTOs is discussed. Because series connection of GTOs is liable to be used in the high-voltage converters of rail traction systems, two industrial realizations are proposed

38.1.11    M. Morimoto, S. Sato, K. Sumito, K. Oshitani, "Voltage modulation factor of the magnetic flux control PWM method for inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 57-61, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The voltage modulation factor of the magnetic flux control pulse-width modulation (PWM) method is discussed. The modulation factor is derived from a theoretical study on the flux locus produced from the inverter output voltage. The derivation is based on the fact that the fundamental component of the inverter output voltage is proportional to the radius of the flux locus. It is shown theoretically that the voltage modulation factor is expressed by the content of a zero vector in one cycle of the selected PWM pattern of the space vector expression. The modulation factor of the magnetic flux control PWM method is calculated. The modulation factor can be varied from zero to 12/π2. The output voltage of the magnetic flux control PWM method can be controlled by the modulation factor linearly from zero up to overmodulation. The simulation and experimental results are also shown

38.1.12    W. Ahmad, "Biphase amplifier for precision controlled rectification and polar logic operations," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 62-64, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A biphase amplifier is a positive-negative controlled unity gain amplifier. Its circuit is simple but very useful in the fields of control, instrumentation, and communications. The use of a biphase amplifier for some novel applications, e.g. polar logic operations and precision controlled rectifications, is described. The circuits described were experimentally tested and found to be quite satisfactory

38.1.13    F.H.F. Leung, P.K.S. Tam, C.K. Li, "The control of switching DC-DC converters-a general LWR problem," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 65-71, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The control of switching DC-DC converters is reviewed. It is regarded as a general linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem, and an innovative optimal and robust digital controller is proposed. The control strategy adopted can achieve good regulation, rejection of modest disturbances, and the ability to cater to switching converters with RHP zeros. This controller design is a general approach that is applicable to all PWM-type DC-DC converters with their circuit topologies known or unknown. Modern CAD techniques are used to reach the final control law. Application to a published Cuk converter is used as an example, and the performance is evaluated

38.1.14    M. Kazerani, P.D. Ziogas, G. Joos, "A novel active current waveshaping technique for solid-state input power factor conditioners," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 72-78, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel input power factor correction method that uses a closed-loop active current waveshaping technique is presented. The novel feature of the method is that nearly sinusoidal input currents are obtained at constant switching frequencies. Moreover, the method exhibits instantaneous current control, which results in very fast response and increased switch reliability. Selected predicted system performance and design methods were verified experimentally on a 1 kVA laboratory prototype

38.1.15    R. Simard, A. Cheriti, T.A. Meynard, K. Al-Haddad, V. Rajagopalan, "An EPROM-based PWM modulator for a three-phase soft commutated inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 79-81, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A fully digital erasable programmable ROM (EPROM)-based pulse width modulator (PWM) that receives voltage and frequency control commands independently at the input and could be used in AC variable-speed drives is described. This modulator is simpler and dynamically better than one built using a microcomputer. A high-1 resolution (one in 256) is obtained, and up to eight different PWM switching strategies can be easily implemented. Changes in the voltage or frequency commands are transient free. Some experimental results are presented

38.1.16    R.E. Zulinski, K.J. Herman, J.C. Mandojana, "The infeasibility of constant output power in a constant-current-fed class-E power inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 81-82, Feb 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The possibility of constant output power that is independent of load resistance is investigated. The only possibility is shown to be the trivial case in which the output power is zero. It is concluded that, for load-independent class-E operation, a different class-E inverter configuration, e.g. a class-E inverter with finite DC-feed inductance, may prove to be useful

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 38,  Number 2, April 1991           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



38.2.1    Y.-S. Lee, D.K.W. Cheng, Y.C. Cheng, "Design of a novel AC regulator," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 89-94, April 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A design in which an AC-to-AC electronic transformer is connected in series with the AC mains to provide a regulated AC output voltage is described. The approach reduces the required voltage and power ratings of the circuit components in the electronic transformer and indirectly increases the conversion efficiency. Since the transformer is designed to accept AC mains directly as the input, no rectifier or mains frequency filtering circuit is required. This, together with the high switching frequency, allows the design of small-size and high-efficiency AC regulators for practical use. An experimental 50 W regulator has been designed to give a typical efficiency of 96%

38.2.2    S.K. Panda, G. Amaratunga, "Comparison of two techniques for closed-loop drive of VR step motors without direct rotor position sensing," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 95-101, April 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Closed-loop control of variable-reluctance (VR) step motors without using direct rotor-position sensing is investigated. Two nondirect rotor-position sensing techniques, namely the waveform detection (WD) and the pulse-width-modulation (PWM) techniques, were implemented and applied to a four-phase (15° step-angle) VR step motor. Test results show that a DC shunt motor and a DC series motor type of performance can be achieved from the step motor with PWM drive and WD drive, respectively. The stability problem encountered with the existing PWM controller due to motional EMF effects at higher operating speeds is investigated, and modifications are suggested to include speed as an additional control signal to make the system more stable. With the inclusion of the speed signal, the operating speed of the test motor is from 1000 to 1750 r/min. The performances for the two techniques are compared, and experimental results are presented

38.2.3    K.-W. Lim, T.-S. Low, M.F. Rahman, L.-B. Wee, "A discrete time variable structure controller for a brushless DC motor drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 102-107, April 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The design and the microprocessor-based implementation of a variable-structure-strategy (VSS) controller for a brushless DC motor drive are described. The controller is a conventional variable-structure design in the continuous-time domain. However, the microprocessor implementation using a constant sample period implies that full sliding mode is not achieved. The properties of the quasi-sliding that results are explored. It is shown that the sliding line expands into a sliding region, which can be described as a sector. The size of this sector is related to the sampling period and the switching gains. A modified design procedure is proposed for discrete-time VSS design. The design was verified on an experimental set-up, which generated variations in system parameters as well as external load disturbances

38.2.4    Seung-Gi Jeong, Min-Ho Park, "The analysis and compensation of dead-time effects in PWM inverters ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 108-114, April 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The quantitative prediction of the dead-time effect in pulse width modulated (PWM) inverters is addressed. Through analysis and simulation it is shown that the effect results in a decrease of the fundamental component and an increase in the low-order harmonics in the output voltage of the inverter. To compensate the effect, two simple methods, which are adequate for sinusoidal PWM and memory-based PWM, respectively, are presented. Experimental results show the validity of the analysis and the usefulness of the compensation methods

38.2.5    T. Shimizu, M. Shioya, "Characteristics of electric power transmission on high-frequency inverter having distributed constant line at load side," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 115-120, April 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An induction heating system aimed at improving the characteristics of high-frequency power supplied from the high-frequency, inverter to the parallel resonant load circuit is proposed, and its transmission efficiency is studied. In this system, high-frequency power can be supplied by lowering the effect of the inductance component accompanied by wiring between the inverter circuit and the resonant load circuit. Impedance matching between the inverter and the resonant circuit and high-efficiency power transmission from the inverter to the load circuit are possible. If a flexible coaxial cable is used as the distributed constant line, it is easy to cope with the case in which comparative distance exists between the inverter part and the heating part or the case in which the heating part is moved

38.2.6    S.K. Biswas, B. Basak, M.M. Swamy, "A three-phase half-controlled rectifier with pulse width modulation ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 121-125, April 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A three-phase pulse-width-modulated (PWM) half-controlled rectifier using a novel PWM control strategy whereby the low-order harmonic content in both the input current and the output voltage is reduced is presented. The circuit operates with a unity displacement factor at its input and uses minimum power components. The PWM strategy developed can be implemented on a three-phase half-controlled rectifier bridge with only three controlled switches to obtain PWM controlled rectification. Although the circuit operation is explained with force-commutated SCR switches, the basic controlled PWM operation is valid for any type of switch control. The circuit has wide applications ranging from rectifiers to battery chargers to motor drives. Even if an input current filter is desired, its size will be small due to the PWM pattern used

38.2.7    R.J. King, "Analysis and design of an unusual unity-power-factor rectifier," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 126-134, April 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A unity-power-factor rectifier that has a parallel-resonant tank tuned to the second harmonic of the line frequency is analyzed for two filter configurations. A unidirectional-power-flow version of the current-sourced rectifier can operate stably open loop or can be current limited down to zero output voltage. The large inductor normally required is an outstanding disadvantage which can be partially overcome using a resonant filter. The design-oriented analysis includes variable-frequency operation and key component ratings. A design procedure is suggested, and complete experimental verification is obtained using a 120 V, 500 W. 60 Hz rectifier switching at 50 kHz

38.2.8    D. van der Linde, C.A.M. Boon, J.B. Klaassens, "Design of a high-frequency planar power transformer in multilayer technology," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 135-141, April 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A high-frequency power transformer using multilayer printed circuit board (ML-PCB) technology is presented for applications in switched-mode power supplies operating at frequencies up to several megahertz. The mechanical configuration of laboratory prototypes is discussed, as well as the electrical, parasitic, and thermal behavior. The focus is on the leakage inductance, since the analysis of other aspects is relatively simple. Test results show that the transformer has high efficiency, low leakage inductance, good thermal behavior, and good line insulation properties. The topology enables the designer to make a trade-off between leakage inductance and interwinding capacitance. Due to the well-defined geometry, parasitic interwinding capacitance and leakage inductance are reproducible and can be computed relatively easily

38.2.9    W.E. Snyder, M.-L. Hsiao, K.J. Overton, K.E. Boone, "Circuit board inspection using a range camera," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 142-149, April 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A high-speed, high-accuracy three-dimensional (3-D) range camera that possesses sufficient speed and accuracy to inspect circuit boards in real time is presented. The architecture of the system is briefly described, and the algorithms used to make quantitative presolder measurements, including the orientations and lengths of leads and the locations and shapes of holes, are examined in detail. Since the unit runs in real time and performs sophisticated image analysis functions, considerable emphasis in the algorithm development was placed on the ability to partition tasks between general-purpose computers and array processors

38.2.10    M. Numao, S.-i. Morishita, "Cooperative scheduling and its application to steelmaking processes ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 150-155, April 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A cooperative approach to scheduling problems is proposed, and its application to creating daily schedules for steelmaking processes is described. In cooperative scheduling, procedures, rules, and the user cooperate to make a feasible schedule efficiently. The procedures, collectively called a scheduling engine, work as a local constraint satisfier to solve general primitive constraints. Rules that represent domain-dependent knowledge then solve the domain-specific constraints by means of a pattern-matching function. The user evaluates the schedule and modifies it by means of a user-friendly interface with direct-manipulation functions. The user interaction is therefore included in the system architecture as a global constraint satisfier. The iteration of this cycle improves the schedule until it becomes feasible. Experimental results obtained with Scheplan, the scheduling environment that applies this approach to scheduling steelmaking processes, show that the daily scheduling time is much less than in manual scheduling and the quality of the schedule is much improved

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 38,  Number 3, June 1991           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



38.3.1    D. Antic, J. Holtz, "High-efficiency dual transistor base drive circuit based on the Cuk converter topology," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 161-165, June 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A dual transistor base drive circuit that unifies all important functions (on-state base current power supply for two power transistors, off-state negative Ube =-5 V base-emitter voltage, overcurrent and short-circuit protection scheme based on saturation voltage, and on- and off-state monitoring circuits) is described. The unit provides two base drive outputs using a single switching converter. It can be used to control two individual power transistors in different inverter configurations, e.g. common emitter or bridge configuration. The concept of a dual transistor base drive circuit using the Cuk switching regulator topology enables the low volume construction of a high-efficiency base drive unit for a high-power transistor inverter bridge leg. The circuit is powered from a common DC rail. The base current waveforms are characterized by steep slopes and an overcurrent peak at turn on

38.3.2    A. Ishiguro, T. Furuhashi, S. Okuma, "A novel control method for forced commutated cycloconverters using instantaneous values of input line-to-line voltages," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 166-172, June 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors present a novel control method for forced commutated cycloconverters (PWM cycloconverters). Using this control method the sinusoidal input and output current waveforms and the unity input displacement factor can be obtained. Moreover, the compensation of the asymmetrical and/or harmonic contaminated input source voltages is easily realized. This control method allows the input displacement factor not to be controllable, but to be fixed at approximately unity. Since a unity input displacement factor is desirable for motordrive use for the PWM cycloconverters, this constraint is not a new obstacle. Feasibility of the proposed control method is verified by simulations and experiments

38.3.3    M.G. Kim, D.S. Lee, M.J. Youn, "A new state feedback control of resonant converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 173-179, June 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A state feedback control that can be easily implemented is proposed to improve the stability and dynamic characteristics of resonant power converters. An important characteristic of the system with the proposed control is the reduction of order in the discrete time domain. The design parameters of the control are reduced by one, compared with those of the conventional linear state feedback control, and the design procedure is similar to that of a variable structure system (VSS) control. The proposed control is illustrated by its application to a series resonant power converter. The experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed control

38.3.4    S. Iida, Y. Okuma, S. Masukawa, S. Miyairi, B.K. Bose, "Study on magnetic noise caused by harmonics in output voltages of PWM inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 180-186, June 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Harmonic components included in the output waveforms of inverter circuits cause magnetic noise from the output transformers or load motors. Functions to estimate the magnetic noise caused by the harmonics are proposed. After confirming the relationship between the proposed functions and the magnetic noise by experiments, the authors compare the magnetic noise qualitatively in several output waveforms of PWM inverters, considering their distortions. By applying those functions, those waveforms that are more noisy can be predicted

38.3.5    Y. Shoji, M. Inaba, T. Fukuda, "Impact control of grasping [robot manipulators]," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 187-194, June 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The stabilization effect of collision in impact-controlled manipulator-object systems is discussed. The stability of system behavior is analyzed by the Lyapunov direct method. Some simulation results are shown to confirm the effect. Collision is one of the nonlinear problems where the dynamical structure changes. In industrial fields, the phenomenon is utilized effectively to suppress vibrations, but collision is a difficult problem to treat in the field of control because the methodology is mostly based on linear theory. The nonlinear impact force is modeled as a Hertz-type force with damping. A nonlinear matrix and a quadratic form is defined to examine system stability. As a results, stable control with collision phenomena is obtained

38.3.6    T. Ozaki, T. Suzuki, T. Furuhashi, S. Okuma, Y. Uchikawa, "Trajectory control of robotic manipulators using neural networks ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 195-202, June 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors present a nonlinear compensator using neural networks for trajectory control of robotic manipulators. The neural networks are not used to learn inverse-dynamics but to compensate nonlinearities of robotic manipulators. The performance of the proposed neural network controller is compared with that of the adaptive controller proposed by J.J. Craig (1988), and the effectiveness of the proposed neural network controller in compensating the unstructured uncertainties is clarified. A learning scheme using a model of known dynamics of manipulators is also proposed. The model learning can be done offline and needs no data recording of actual manipulator operation

38.3.7    E.J. Dede, J.V. Gonzalez, J.A. Linares, J. Jordan, D. Ramirez, P. Rueda, "25-kW/50-kHz generator for induction heating," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 203-209, June 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors present the features, technology, and construction of a transistorized generator for induction heating operating over the 4-50 kHz frequency range. This type of 25 kW output-power generator allows replacement of the electronic tube generators for most of their applications. The advantages of this new generator are more energy efficiency, extended life, reduced size, separated heating station of the generator, and connection by flexible cable. In addition, the generator has incorporated a frequency automatic tracking system that allows operating without any adjustments over a wide frequency range

38.3.8    G. Corriga, S. Sanna, G. Usai, "An optimal tandem active-passive suspension system for road vehicles with minimum power consumption," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 210-216, June 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors examine the problem of the synthesis of an optimal control law for active suspensions of road vehicles, based on a model with two degrees of freedom. The possibility of realizing the desired optimal control law with a tandem active-passive suspension is considered. The procedure for determining the desired optimal control law on the basis of suitable design specification is outlined. In the case of a suspension with two degrees of freedom, the possibility of realizing a control law with an active suspension in tandem with a conventional passive one consisting of a spring and a damper is examined. The characteristic parameters of the passive part of the suspension are identified with the aim of minimizing the power required by the active part. The expressions for calculating the values of the elastic constant of the spring and of the characteristic coefficient of the damper, which are both assumed to be linear, are provided. An example of the application is presented

38.3.9    M. Sunwoo, K.C. Cheok, N.J. Huang, "Model reference adaptive control for vehicle active suspension systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 217-222, June 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A model reference adaptive control (MRAC) technique for vehicle active suspension subsystems is presented. The MRAC automatically self-tunes the active suspension so that disturbance and vibration of a vehicle is reduced to a level determined by an ideal conceptual suspension reference model. The Lyapunov stability method was used in the design of the MRAC. It is shown that the MRAC suspension can accommodate large variances in sprung load and suspension component characteristics and achieves significant improvements over the passive suspension. Real-time simulation and animation (RTSA) software was developed to provide a visual aid for understanding and interpreting the performance of the MRAC suspension

38.3.10    C. Umeagukwu, J. McCormick, "Investigation of an array technique for robotic seam tracking of weld joints," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 223-229, June 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A noncontact optical preview sensing technique for possible application to a robotic seam tracking system is presented. This technique uses a structured laser illumination source: a SELFOC lens array (SLA) coupled to a fiberoptic and a phototransistor (photodetector) array. The experimental results with the SLA and fiberoptic array demonstrate the feasibility of linear fiberoptic array sensing of the weld joint. The intensity profiles acquired by the array were such that when combined with suitable data processing software routines, the sensing technique was able to provide satisfactory measurements of joint width and location of the centerline. An experiment demonstrates the viability of the approach for tracking of a weld seam. A clear profile containing the expected features was obtained at each cross-sectional location as the joint was traversed

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 38,  Number 4, August 1991           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



38.4.1    T.-H. Lee, K.-W. Lim, W.-C. Lai, "Real-time multivariable self-tuning controller using a feedforward paradigm with application to a coupled electric-drive pilot plant," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 237-242, August 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A multivariable self-tuning control design based on a feedforward paradigm and the generalized minimum variance (GMV) control strategy is presented. The real-time implementation of this controller on a coupled electric-drive pilot plant is discussed. The results of experiments on the pilot plant demonstrated that good performance can be achieved using the design

38.4.2    S.T. Hung, "Sensitivity points-based self-tuning," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 243-250, August 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Sensitivity points tuning concepts, extension of these concepts to the self-tuning of multiinput/multioutput (MIMO) systems, and implementation issues are discussed. The means of generating the sensitivities needed for tuning is developed in a matrix transfer function form. A block diagram interpretation is presented to illustrate the conceptual clarity of using MIMO sensitivity points. The effectiveness of the self-tuning technique is demonstrated through the application of self-tuning to a magnetic suspension system

38.4.3    A.K.S. Bhat, "A unified approach for the steady-state analysis of resonant converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 251-259, August 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A generalized approach for the steady-state analysis of resonant converters is presented. Different resonant converter tank circuit configurations are combined into a single tank circuit referred to as a generalized tank circuit. The load presented to this tank circuit is represented by an AC equivalent resistance, and simple complex circuit analysis is used to analyze such a generalized tank circuit. This type of unified approach simplifies the method of analysis for different configurations and eliminates the need for analysis of different schemes separately. In addition, in a computer program, the results for a particular scheme can be obtained by opening or shorting the nonrequired tank circuit components of the generalized scheme. The effect of high-frequency transformers and other parasitics can be taken into account in the analysis. A design example is presented to illustrate the method of designing a converter, and experimental results are presented to verify the analysis

38.4.4    J.G. Cho, G.H. Cho, "Single-cycle resonant converters: a new group of quasi-resonant converters suitable for high-performance DC/DC and AC/AC conversion applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 260-267, August 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A novel resonant switch and a family of zero-current and zero-voltage mixed-mode switching quasi-resonant converters (QRCs) called single-cycle resonant converters (SCRCs) are proposed to improve the performance of the conventional QRCs. The SCRCs, which include two active switches operated with zero-current switching (ZCS) and zero-voltage switching (ZVS), respectively, show very simple operation and ease of control and analysis, and they overcome the limited load range characteristics of the conventional ZCS QRCs. The SCRCs can be applied even for a high-frequency AC chopper by replacing unidirectional switches with bidirectional ones. Steady-state operation and characteristics of the buck-type SCRCs are analyzed and compared with those of the buck-type full-wave QRC (FW-QRC). Experimental results at a a 200 kHz, 1 kW level are shown to verify the operational principle and characteristics

38.4.5    B.T. Ooi, B.M.M. Mwinyiwiwa, X. Wang, G. Joos, "Operating limits of the current-regulated delta-modulated current-source PWM rectifier," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 268-274, August 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A stand alone, three-phase, delta-modulated, current-source PWM rectifier has been built and has been shown to be capable of operating with near sinusoidal current waveforms, unity power factor. and good DC current regulation. A mathematical model that has been justified against experimental measurements and results from digital simulations is presented. The current waveform distortion limit and the asymptotic stability limit are established. It is shown that the rectifier can operate safely within these limits in the entire range of its power ratings

38.4.6    Chang-Ming Liaw, Ying-Shieh Kung, Ching-Ming Wu, "Design and implementation of a high-performance field-oriented induction motor drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 275-282, August 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The design and implementation of a high-performance controller for a field-oriented induction motor drive is presented. Dynamic modeling based on the stochastic technique is performed. Based on the estimated drive model, a two-degree-of-freedom controller is proposed so good dynamic responses in both the speed tracking and regulation characteristics can be achieved. The parameters of the controller are found using a proposed systematic design procedure according to the prescribed specifications. Having designed and tested the performance of the controller by simulation, the hardware implementation is successfully made, and some experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller

38.4.7    H. Singh, S.M. Sharma, "Some novel μP-based configurations for controlling remotely located stepper motors as actuators of control valves," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 283-287, August 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Four microprocessor based configurations for controlling remotely located stepper motors with single-step resolution control to work as actuators of control valves with a 4-20 mA control signal generated in a multichannel data acquisition and control system are investigated for their operations, performances, and limitations. One of the configurations is directly hardware compatible with that of electropneumatic valves, but for the other configurations, hardware interfaces are needed to store, generate, and transmit control signals in order to reduce microprocessor busy time. The detection circuits required at the remote end for deriving direction, stepping rate, and drive duration from the control signal become simple if the information about these is explicitly expressed in the control signal

38.4.8    A. Di Stefano, O. Mirabella, "Evaluating the field bus data link layer by a Petri net-based simulation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 288-297, August 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The performance of the data link layer of the field bus, an emerging LAN architecture for control systems presently under standardization, is discussed and evaluated. Some aspects of the communication mechanism are presented, referring to the use of the two kinds of tokens of the protocol and pointing out their main features and the advantages and disadvantages offered by each one. The protocol was specified by extended timed Petri-nets and was evaluated by a suitable simulation tool. The results provide some criteria according to which the designer can choose, among the various mechanisms made available by the standard proposal, those which provide the most efficient solution for the scenario being considered

38.4.9    H.-G. Yeh, "Processing performance of two Kalman filter algorithms with a DSP32C by using assembly and C languages," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 298-302, August 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Two Kalman filter algorithms are implemented with a DSP32C processor. These two Kalman filters use conventional matrix operation and U-D factorization algorithms, respectively. The real-time processing performance of each algorithm is evaluated in terms of throughput, program and data memory sizes. Both DSP32C assembly and high-level C language programs of these two algorithms are developed (a total of four programs) for evaluating the coding efficiency. It is observed that both algorithms can be more efficiently programmed by using assembly language, a matrix-based algorithm enjoys its simple and regular operations so that less program memory is required in both assembly and in C languages, the U-D factorization algorithm involves fewer multiply-accumulate operations and provides a fast throughput in C language only, and the advantage of less multiply-accumulate operations in U-D factorization algorithm no longer exists in assembly language when the number of states of a Kalman filter is large

38.4.10    Dong Seong Oh, Hwi Beom Shin, Myung Joong Youn, "A new slip gain adaptation algorithm for indirect field-oriented drive systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 303-307, August 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The performance of the indirect field-oriented control using the slip frequency depends heavily on the accuracy of the induction machine parameters. It has been shown that the changes in rotor resistance have a dominant effect on the machine performance. An important requirement for obtaining good performance is to find the real machine parameters in the field-oriented controller. A slip gain adjustment algorithm for the field-oriented control proposed is simple and does not need any additional circuitry. It has been shown through the digital simulation that the correct slip frequency can be obtained at any machine parameter deviations by almost one adaptation

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 38,  Number 5, Oct 1991           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



38.5.1    G.S. Buja, M.I. Valla, "Control characteristics of the SRM drives. I. Operation in the linear region," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 313-321, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The control characteristics of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives are analyzed for operation of the motor in the linear region of its magnetic characteristics. After reviewing the motor operation, the authors consider the current-fed and voltage SRM drives. For both types of drives, the control variables and the related ranges are identified, the relationships between such variables and the average motor torque are calculated, and the torque capability is found. The basic schemes for the speed control of the SRM drives are also formulated

38.5.2    A.M. Khambadkone, J. Holtz, "Vector-controlled induction motor drive with a self-commissioning scheme," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 322-327, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Different vector-controlled structures are discussed, and their suitability for an economical and reliable industrial drive system is explored. From this, the design of a compact control hardware is derived, composed of an 80196 microcontroller and an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) for the generation of the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) signals. The drive system can be configured from a host computer or a hand-held servicing unit through a serial data link. Monitoring and diagnostic functions are included. A self-commissioning scheme permits the setting of the parameters for optimum dynamic performance of the induction motor. Various oscillograms demonstrate the behavior of the vector controller operating a 25-kVA PWM inverter

38.5.3    N. Margaris, T. Goutas, Z. Doulgeri, A. Paschali, "Loss minimization in DC drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 328-336, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A method for determining the optimal DC machine excitation for loss minimization is presented. The proposed method may be implemented by using either analog or digital techniques. The method is simple, and its implementation does not affect significantly the cost, the complexity, and the dynamics of the DC drive. Thus, energy can be saved without sacrificing the quality of the DC drive. Even though the conception of the proposed method is based on the loss model of the DC machine, it is shown that its realization does not require knowledge of the loss model

38.5.4    E.-H. Song, B.-H. Kwon, "A direct digital control for the phase-controlled rectifier," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 337-343, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Direct digital control of the phase-controlled rectifier (PCR) is implemented with a minimum control hardware structure. A digital phase-locked voltage control (PLVC) without detecting the line voltage is presented. An inner fast control loop is proposed to stabilize the PCR system and to obtain its constant loop gain. In the inner loop, an averaging function is introduced to feed back the average DC voltage of the PCR output without the feedback filter. Its synchronism is modeled and analyzed. An optimal constant digital integral, proportional, and measurable variable feedback (IPM) current controller with a time-multiplied performance index is also proposed to obtain a good dynamic response of the output current. All control functions are implemented with an Intel 8797 single-chip microcomputer. Experimental results show that the scheme gives good dynamic and static performance for the PCR system

38.5.5    M.K. Kazimierczuk, "Class D current-driven rectifiers for resonant DC/DC converter applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 344-354, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Analyses and experimental results are given for a family of three Class D current-driven rectifiers. The diode current is half-sine wave and the diode voltage is a square wave. The diode forward voltage and forward resistance are taken into account in the analyses. The basic performance parameters of the rectifiers are determined, such as input resistance, voltage transfer function, efficiency, and power factor. The ripple voltage is estimated, and some effects of the equivalent series resistance and equivalent series inductance of filter capacitors on the ripples are discussed. The experimental results were obtained using IR31DQ06 Schottky diodes at 1 MHz and 16 W output power

38.5.6    H. Le-Huy, K. Slimani, P. Viarouge, "A current-controlled quasi-resonant converter for switched-reluctance motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 355-362, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A current-controlled quasi-resonant power converter suitable for switched-reluctance motor (SRM) feeding is presented. The converter operation is analyzed and its characteristics are determined in terms of the system parameters. The converter control strategy is studied for different operating conditions. Current control operation is considered and discussed. Theoretical predictions are verified and validated by experimental results obtained with a prototype SRM drive

38.5.7    T. Umeno, Y. Hori, "Robust speed control of DC servomotors using modern two degrees-of-freedom controller design," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 363-368, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The authors propose a robust speed control system for DC servomotors based on the parametrization of two-degree-of-freedom controllers. The servosystems can dramatically improve the characteristics of the closed loop systems, i.e. the disturbance torque suppression performance and the robustness to system parameter variations, without changing the command input response. The excellent control performances obtained during laboratory experiments by using a microprocessor-based controller are shown

38.5.8    M.R. Stojic, S.N. Vukosavic, "Design of microprocessor-based system for positioning servomechanism with induction motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 369-378, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Digital control algorithms are proposed for a position-controlled system with an inverter-fed induction motor. Two structures for the positioning servomechanism are suggested in which the appropriate digital control laws are applied and a straightforward method for adjusting of controller parameters is developed. The method enables the designer to match the desired dynamic performance and to eliminate the steady-state position error due to the presence of a constant or a slowly varying load disturbance. Particular attention is paid to the nonlinear position control design, which preserves the desired response even in the case when electrical torque reaches limits imposed by the inverter current capacity. To illustrate the proposed design procedure and to verify the efficiency of the nonlinear control laws, simulation results and waveforms from an experimental setup are presented

38.5.9    S. Shimada, S. Ugai, S. Sakamoto, A. Sase, Y. Shimizu, "Intelligent differential pressure transmitter with multiple sensor formed on a (110)-oriented circular silicon diaphragm," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 379-384, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A multiple piezoresistive gauge sensor was developed for application to intelligent differential pressure transmitters. The sensor can measure differential pressure, static pressure, and temperature. Three piezoresistive gauges are positioned on a (110)-oriented circular monocrystalline silicon diaphragm. Proper dimensional design and optimal gauge positioning maximize the output and minimize crosstalk. Using data maps, three voltage outputs are combined by a microprocessor unit to yield a compensated sensor output. An experimental sensor was fabricated and the compensation scheme was proved useful. The sensor accuracy was within ±0.1% of the full scale in the pressure range of ±80 kPa. The zero and span shifts were less than 0.25% for the temperature range of -20-60°C, and zero shift was less than 0.1% for the static pressure change of 15 MPa

38.5.10    E. Faldella, G.C. Cardinali, P.U. Calzolari, "Architectural and design issues on optimal management of photovoltaic pumping systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 385-392, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: Unconventional design and control techniques for the optimal utilization of photovoltaic energy sources are discussed. The application domain considered concerns photovoltaic pumping plants. A design methodology for plants characterized by direct connection of the load to the generator is illustrated, leading to easy selection of components and proper sizing of the energy source to meet assigned target specifications. A direct coupling matching technique based on the reconfiguration principle of generator geometry is presented. This guarantees transfer of the maximum available power from the source to the load in all environmental and working conditions. A hierarchically structured control system has been conceived for automatic and flexible plant management: at the lower level a microcomputer, equipped with the necessary process interfaces, handles execution of real-time control tasks while a personal computer carries out supervision, monitoring, and diagnostic activities at the higher level. Both simulation studies and experimental tests demonstrate the validity of the techniques as well as the superior performance achievable in comparison with traditional solutions

38.5.11    M.H. Ohsato, G. Kimura, M. Shioya, "Five-stepped PWM inverter used in photovoltaic systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 393-397, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A PWM (pulse-width-modulated) inverter that has five-stepped output-voltage levels is introduced. In this inverter, the waveform of the output voltage has a smaller harmonic content than that of a conventional PWM inverter. A novel PWM technique is analyzed. The PWM pulses included in the waveform of the output voltage are formed using a criterion based on the calculation that each area of voltage pulses is equal to the integrated value of each time shared area of a reference sinusoidal waveform. This PWM technique for the five-stepped PWM inverter is superior to the conventional PWM technique, and the experimental results coincided with the calculation obtained using the fast Fourier transform. In addition, the relations between the number of PWM pulses and the harmonic contents of the output voltage are described

38.5.12    A. Patra, G.P. Rao, "Parameter estimation in a converter driven DC motor system via general hybrid orthogonal functions," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 398-403, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: An algorithm for parameter estimation in a power converter-controlled DC motor drive system is proposed. The algorithm is based on the recently proposed framework of general hybrid orthogonal functions (GHOFs) for signal characterization in power electronic systems. The use of GHOFs allows parameter estimation directly in continuous-time models, bypassing the nontrivial problems of discretization which would otherwise arise in conventional techniques based on discrete-time models

38.5.13    G. Arsov, "A novel algorithm for microcomputer-based digitally controlled cycloconverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 404-405, Oct 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The problem of microcomputer-based digital control of a naturally commutated cycloconverter (NCC) operating with variable frequency input voltage waveform is discussed. A method based on cosine wave crossing pulse timing control is proposed. The proposed algorithm provides a very simple and yet quite accurate method for operation of a circulating-current NCC with variable frequency input voltage. The output voltage will stabilize in less than two-thirds of the input voltage period even for abrupt changes in the input frequency. The variation of the magnitude of the input voltage can be easily corrected by simple voltage feedback. A computer simulation was performed for preliminary testing of the proposed algorithm

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

  IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 38,  Number 6, Dec 1991           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



38.6.1    L. Zhou, G. Cook, "Path planning for robotic manipulators with redundant degrees of freedom," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 413-420, Dec 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: The problem of path planning for robotic manipulators with redundant and nonredundant degrees of freedom is addressed. It is assumed that the motors for each joint are capable of achieving the commanded velocity within limits. Thus, the dynamic model is simplified and the main complexity is that of the kinematic relationships. Of primary interest is the problem of moving the end effector from point A to point B in an efficient manner, possibly in the presence of obstacles. A suboptimal solution is proposed and discussed. Examples are presented in order to compare the performance of the redundant and the nonredundant manipulators

38.6.2    J.Y. Hung, "Control of industrial robots that have transmission elasticity," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 421-427, Dec 1991.   Abstract Link    Full Text

Abstract: A control scheme is presented for electrically driven, industrial robots that have transmission elasticity. Some feedback structures that have been described in the past have an inner control loop to cancel the elastic coupling torque between motor and link. An outer feedback loop is then used for the control of the arm position. A refinement of such a control scheme is analyzed using singular perturbation methods. A broad spectrum of control algorithms that were originally designed under the assumption of ideal, rigid joints can now be extended to the elastic transmission case with minor modifications. One contribution is that exact cancellation of th